Library of Congress Subject Headings

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Library of Congress Subject Headings
Lecture 2
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Changes in terminology (1)
Old
New
Unauthorized term Authorized term
Sacks see Bags
Sacks USE Bags
Bags x Sacks
Bags UF Sacks
Authorized term Unauthorized term
3
Card catalog see ref.
Catalog card
Sacks see Bags
Unauthorized term Authorized term
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Card catalog see ref. - online
Subject browse sacks
Sacks
See Bags
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Changes in terminology (2)
Broader and narrower terms
Old
New
Specific term General term
Cubism xx Art
Cubism BT Art
Art sa Cubism
Art NT Cubism
General term Specific term
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Card catalog see also ref.
Catalog card
Art see also Cubism
Broader term Narrower term
Only if you have items under heading Cubism!
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Card catalog see ref. - online
Subject browse art
Art
Narrower Term Cubism

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Changes in terminology (3)
Old
New
Term Related term
Cookery sa Food xx Food
Cookery RT Food
Food sa Cookery xx Cookery
Food RT Cookery
Term Related term
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Card catalog see also ref.
Catalog card
Cookery see also Food
Authorized term Related authorized term
Only if you have items under heading Food!
10
Card catalog see also ref.
Catalog card
Food see also Cookery
Authorized term Related authorized term
Only if you have items under heading Cookery!
11
Online catalog see also ref.
cookery
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Online catalog see also ref.
Cookery
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Online catalog see also ref.
See Also Food
Only if you have items under heading Food!
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Geographic subdivisions
Construction industry (May Subd
Geog) Finance Law and legislation (May
Subd Geog)
Allowed headings
Construction industry Italy
Construction industry Italy Finance
Construction industry Finance Law and
legislation Italy
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Geographic names
Obtaining the correct term
United States Board on Geographic Names
(BGN) United States http//geonames.usgs.gov/pls/
gnispublic
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Searching
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Results
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Results (enlarged)
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Searching for foreign names
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Searching for foreign names
No Myanmar
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Burma or Myanmar?
BURMA(BM)
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Burma or Myanmar?
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Burma or Myanmar?
Burma
Myanmar (Variant)
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Searching for foreign names
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Searching for foreign names
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Geographic subdivision instructions - old way (1)

• LCSH would indicate whether a geographic heading
  could be added directly or indirectly

Drainage laws (Direct)
Ferns (Indirect)
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Geographic subdivision instructions - old way (2)

• Drainage laws (Direct)

Headings
Drainage laws United States
Drainage laws Pennsylvania
Drainage laws Pittsburgh
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Geographic subdivision instructions - old way (2)

• Ferns (Indirect)

Interpose collecting level
Headings
Ferns Switzerland Geneva
Ferns Pennsylvania
Ferns Pennsylvania Pittsburgh
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Geographic subdivision instructions - new way

• Drainage laws (May Subd Geog)
• Ferns (May Subd Geog)

Headings
Ferns Switzerland Geneva
Ferns Pennsylvania Pittsburgh
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Geographic subdivisions - collecting levels (1)

• United States, Canada, Great Britain
• First-level political subdivisions (states,
  constituent countries, republics) assigned
  directly
• Ferns Massachusetts Boston
• Other countries
• Collecting level is the country
• Ferns Spain Madrid

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Geographic subdivisions - collecting levels (2)

• Exceptions to the rule Washington Metropolitan
  Area, New York Metropolitan Area, and Jerusalem
  Metropolitan Area are cited directly
• Ferns Washington (D.C.)
• Ferns Jerusalem

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Geographic subdivisions - collecting levels (3)

• New York Metropolitan Area
• Ferns New York Metropolitan Area
• New York City
• Ferns New York (State) New York

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Geographic subdivisions in card and MARC formats
(1)

• Gardens France Nice

card
650 a Gardens z France z Nice.
MARC
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Geographic subdivisions in card and MARC formats
(2)

• Gardens Massachusetts Boston

650 a Gardens z Massachusetts z Boston.
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Geographic subdivisions in card and MARC formats
(3)

• Gardens Jerusalem

650 a Gardens z Jerusalem.
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Geographic subdivisions in card and MARC formats
(3)
Geographic qualifier

• Boston (Mass.) Auditoriums, convention
  facilities, etc.

651 a Boston (Mass.) x Auditoriums, convention
facilities, etc.
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Types of subdivisions

• Topical
• Geographic
• Chronological
• Form

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Topical subdivisions

• Used under headings of all types to limit the
  concept expressed by the heading to a subheading

Drinking water Aluminum content
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Geographic subdivisions

• "Indicate the geographic area to which treatment
  of a topic is limited. They may designate where
  something is located, or where something is from,
  depending on the topic."

Orchids India
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Chronological subdivisions

• "Chronological or period subdivisions indicate
  time periods covered in the contents of the work.
  "

Women History To 500
French poetry 19th century
See H 1647 sec. 4 to determine when you can add
time period without intervening History
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Form subdivisions

• Indicate what the item is rather than what it is
  about.
• Now coded in MARC subfield v.

Vocabulary tests Study guides
650 a Vocabulary tests v Study guides.
Subfield v form subdivision
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Subdivisions listed in LCSH

• American poetry (May Subd Geog)
• Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
• Revolutionary period, 1775-1783
• 1783-1850
• 19th century
• 20th century
• Readings with music

American poetry 20th century Readings with
music
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Transfer subdivisions listed?

• American poetry (May Subd Geog)
• Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
• Revolutionary period, 1775-1783
• 1783-1850
• 19th century
• 20th century
• Readings with music

American poetry Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775
Readings with music ?
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Free-floating subdivisions
Five types

• General free-floating subdivisions
• Subdivisions under classes of persons and ethnic
  groups
• Subdivisions under names of individual corporate
  bodies, persons, and families
• Subdivisions used under place names
• Subdivisions controlled by pattern headings

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Subject Cataloging Manual
SUBJECT CATALOGING MANUAL Subject
Headings Volume 2 H 1075-H1200
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General free-floating subdivisions

• Form or topical
• Form what the work is

Environmental education Bibliography

• Topical what the work is about

Environmental education Political aspects
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Free-Floating Subdivisions H 1095
Section in Subject Cataloging Manual

• v Designs and plans (H 1532)
• Use under architectural headings, including
  types of buildings and rooms, and under landscape
  headings, including types of gardens and parks,
  for works containing architectural drawings.
• x Deterioration
• Use under types of substances, materials,
  products, etc.
• v Dictionaries (H 1540)
• Use under subjects.
• See also Encyclopedias

x Use only as topical subdivision
v Use as either form or topical subdivision
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General free-floating subdivisionsform

• Personal Name Penrice, John, 1818-1892.
• Main Title A dictionary and glossary of the
  Koran / John Penrice.
• Published/Created Mineola, N.Y. Dover
  Publications, 2004.
• Description viii, 166 p. 28 cm.ISBN0486434397
  (pbk.)
• Subjects KoranLanguage, styleDictionariesEngli
  sh.
• Arabic languageDictionariesEnglish.

Form subdivisions
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General free-floating subdivisionsform

• 100 1_ a Penrice, John, d 1818-1892.
• 245 12 a A dictionary and glossary of the Koran
  / c John Penrice.
• 260 __ a Mineola, N.Y. b Dover Publications,
  c 2004.
• 300 __ a viii, 166 p. c 28
• 630 00 a Koran x Language, style v
  Dictionaries x English.
• 650 _0 a Arabic language v Dictionaries x
  English.

Subfield v for form subd.
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Form subdivisions

• 245 0 0 a Dizionario dellautomobile
• b tedesco-italiano, italiano-tedesco
  Automobil-Wörterbuch Deutsch-Italienisch,
  Italienisch- Deutsch
• . . .
• 650 _ 0 a Automobiles
• v Dictionaries
• x Italian.
• 650 _ 0 a Automobiles
• v Dictionaries
• x German.

Subfield v for form subd.
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Subdivisions used under classes of persons and
ethnic groups

• Subdivisions under classes of persons (H 1100)
• Subdivisions under ethnic groups (H 1103)

Political prisoners Abuse of
French-Canadians Job stress
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Subdivisions used under names of individual
corporate bodies, persons, and families

• Subdivisions under names of persons (H 1110)
• Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 Birthplace
• Subdivisions under family names

Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 Birthplace
Smith family Homes and haunts
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Subdivisions used under place names

• Subdivisions under names of places (H 1140)

Italy Social life and customs
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Free-floating subdivisions

• Use to provide greater specificity
• Use only one per heading
• If two free-floating subdivisions apply, create
  two headings

Adams familyArchives
Adams familyCorrespondence
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Free-floating subdivisions

• Some free-floating subdivisions have authorized
  subdivisions

x Computer networks x Security measures
SCM
Heading
Bank credit cardsComputer networksSecurity
measures
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Free-floating subdivisions

• Place at end of heading from LCSH
• Find in Subject Cataloging Manual Subject
  Headings

Tourism Spain Madrid Bibliography
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Subdivisions controlled by pattern headings

• Standardized sets of topical and form
  subdivisions for use under particular categories
  of subject headings or name headings used as
  subjects

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Pattern heading examples

• Category Pattern(s)
• Animals Fishes Cattle
• Chemicals Copper Insulin
• Diseases Cancer Tuberculosis
• Musical Comps. Operas
• Organs of body Foot Heart
• Plants crops Corn
• Land vehicles Automobiles
• Religions Buddhism
• Religious orders Jesuits

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Pattern headings Chemicals

• Patterns Copper Insulin

x Absorption and adsorption (May Subd
Geog) x Acoustic properties (May Subd
Geog) x Administration x Affinity labeling (May
Subd Geog)
NitrogenAbsorption and adsorption
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Adding a pattern heading

• Title Activated carbon adsorption

Carbon Isotopes Decay
In LCSH no subdiv. for adsorption
In LCSH find heading for Carbon
In SCM Pattern for chemical is Copper
x Absorption and adsorption (May Subd Geog)
CarbonAbsorption and adsorption
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Pattern headings Plants and crops

• Pattern Corn

x Abnormalities (May Subd Geog) x Adaptation
(May Subd Geog) x Age x Aging x Aging x
Genetic aspects x Analysis x Anatomy
PeasAgingGenetic aspects
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The aerodynamics of Hummer trucks
LCSH heading
Hummer trucks
Land vehicles pattern heading automobiles
Automobiles ? Aerodynamics
Our subject heading
Hummer trucks
? Aerodynamics
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Subject heading with floating subdivision must
make sense
Juvenile delinquency Amateur's manuals
Not!!!!!
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Selecting subject headings
Verbalize the contents of the book

• What happened?
• To what/whom did it happen?
• Where?
• Are any topics subordinate?
• When?

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The Roswell UFO crash what they don't want you
to know
Verbalize the contents of the book
A number of people say that they have sighted
UFOs landing in Roswell, New Mexico (and the
government is covering it up)
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Create a heading

• Always start with heading from LCSH (Big red
  books)
• Is there a subdivision listed in LCSH?
• Is there an applicable free-floating subdivision?
• Can the heading be subdivided geographically?

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The Roswell UFO crash what they don't want you
to know
A number of people say that they have sighted
UFOs landing in Roswell, New Mexico (and the
government is covering it up)
Main topics UFOs Conspiracies
Main LCSH heading for UFOs
Unidentified flying objects
Conspiracies
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The Roswell UFO crash what they don't want you
to know
A number of people say that they have sighted
UFOs landing in Roswell, New Mexico
Unidentified flying objects
Any appropriate subdivision listed for our
subject heading?
?Sightings and encounters
Unidentified flying objects ? Sightings and
encounters
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The Roswell UFO crash what they don't want you
to know
A number of people say that they have sighted
UFOs landing in Roswell, New Mexico
Unidentified flying objects ? Sightings and
encounters (May Subd Geog)
Can we subdivide geographically?
Roswell is in New Mexico
Our subject heading
Unidentified flying objects ? Sightings and
encounters ? New Mexico ? Roswell
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Divinity and experience the religion of the
Dinka
from LCSH
Dinka (African people)
from SCMSH H 1103 Ethnic Groups
x Religion
Dinka (African people)  ? Religion
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How to control fading in your pansies in
California
from LCSH
Pansies
from pattern heading Corn
x Color x Fading x Control (May Subd Geog)
Pansies ? Color ? Fading ? Control ? California
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Sanford Berman

• Hennepin County Library Cataloging Bulletin, no.
  35 (July/August 1978) 1-7

"why is it that the many works on the forced
removals suffered by Native Americans are
regularly subject-cataloged under INDIANS of
NORTH AMERICALAND TRANSFERS?"
Newer heading
Indian land transfers
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Sanford Berman

• The Web site

http//www.sanfordberman.org/