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Renewable Energy AND Youth Employment

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Title: Renewable Energy AND Youth Employment


1
  • Renewable Energy AND Youth Employment
  • By
  • Prof. M.N. Reddy
  • Chairman
  • Swamy Ramananda Tirtha Rural Institute
  • Jalalpur(V), Pochampally(M), Nalgonda
    District-508284
  • Andhra Pradesh, India

2
Energy
  • Energy, Economy Environment are the three
    inter-related areas having direct correlation for
    development of any nation. Per capita energy
    consumption is an index for development of any
    Nation.
  • Per capita energy consumption in our country is
    about 400 units which is very low compared to per
    capita consumption of developed nations which is
    about 8000 units.
  • Power generation with conventional sources has
    certain limitations and also associated with
    environmental problems.

3
Disadvantages Limitations Of Conventional Energy
  • Resources are limited and may not be able to meet
    the increase future demand
  • Emission of Green house gasses from thermal
    power stations
  • Submersion of low lying areas in Hydel power
  • Consumption of fossil fuels towards
    transportation of raw material i.e. coal for
    thermal power stations
  • Centralised power generation results in high
    losses in transmission distribution
  • De-forestation will have adverse effect on
    climate change

4
Resources and Technologies of Renewable Energy
  • Solar
  • Wind
  • Biomass
  • Small Hydro
  • Waste to Energy Municipal Solid / Liquid Waste,
    Industrial Waste
  • Bio Diesel
  • OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy)
  • Wave Energy
  • Geo-thermal energy
  • Fuel Cell Technologies

5
Advantages of Renewable Energy Technologies
  • Resources are everlasting
  • No environmental concern problems
  • Modular in nature
  • No T D losses
  • Tailor made power generation system to cater to
    customer needs

6
Solar Energy
  • Sun radiates 180 billion MW of energy over the
    earth per day.
  • The three exclusive technologies for utilising
    solar energy are-
  • Solar photovoltaic technology
  • Solar Thermal technology
  • Solar Passive architecture

7
Solar Photovoltaic
  • This technology facilitates in converting the
    solar energy into electrical energy and is being
    used for applications like
  • Lighting

Solar Lanterns
Solar Street Lights
8
  • Solar lanterns offer best alternative to kerosene
    lamps, gas lamps and conventional emergency
    lights.
  • Portable, light and suitable for use in both
    indoor and outdoor applications
  • Solar Lanterns provide opportunity to rural youth
    for establishing centralised charging system to
    charge set of lanterns and lease them on daily
    rental basis. They can also establish sales and
    service centres.

9
  • Water pumping
  • Solar Pumps are useful for agriculture,
    horticulture and drinking water purpose.
  • They can draw water from open wells, bore wells
    and streams.
  • These systems functions during clear sunny days
    without any battery back-up.

Solar Water Pump System
10
  • A 1 Hp/ 2 Hp surface mounted pump can give yield
    of 70,000/ 140000 ltrs per day at 10 meters total
    head.
  • The SPV submersible pump of different capacities
    are also available. The capacity ranges from 300
    W upto 1800 W SPV array attached with DC/ AC
    submersible pumps for lifting from varying
    depths. This are suitable for horticulture farms
    with drip irrigation. These pumps are also used
    for drinking water applications
  • There is an employment potential basically in the
    after-sales service and maintenance of these
    systems.

11
  • communication systems
  • Remote area villages electrification
  • Telecom applications
  • Traffic signalling
  • Railway signalling systems etc.

12
Solar Energy Functional Block Diagram
13
Solar Energy Stand Alone AC System
14
Solar thermal technology
  • The process involves utilising heat energy
    from solar radiation for heating, cooking, drying
    applications and power generation etc.
  • Solar water heating system

Flat Plate Solar Water Heating System
Vaccum Tube Solar Water Heating System
15
  • Solar flat plate collector model water heating
    systems consists of solar panels having
    collectors which have selective coated fins to
    absorb heat from solar radiation and transmitting
    same to water passing through the copper tubes
    attached to the fins. 
  • The water so heated is stored in an insulated
    tank making it possible to get hot water all 24
    hours.
  • These systems are available in capacities of 100
    Litres per day (LPD) and in multiples of hundred
    to any capacity.
  • Are ideal to replace geysers in domestic and
    commercial sector i.e hotels, nursing homes,
    hostels etc., and also in industries as boiler
    feed water for pre- heating.
  •  The manufacturing, installation and after sales
    service of these systems provide good opportunity
    for youth employment.

16
TYPES OF SOLAR COOKERS
  • Solar cooking system
  • BOX TYPE SOLAR COOKER
  • DISH TYPE SOLAR COOKER (SK-14)
  • COMMUNITY SOLAR COOKER FOR INDOOR COOKING
    (SCHEFFLER)
  • SOLAR STEAM COOKING

17
a) BOX TYPE
  • Solar Box Type cookers are suitable for small
    sized families and designed in various models
    with two, three or four cooking vessels.
  • The food is cooked at lower temperatures ranging
    from 1100 to 1400 C preserving the nutritious
    value.

18
  • No personal attention required during the cooking
    process. After cooking is completed it acts like
    hot-box keeping the food warm.
  • Depending on number of vessels coking can be made
    at 3-4 items at once.
  • Introducing such cookers in a large scale can
    contribute to conservation of fire wood,
    kerosene, LPG etc., .. resulting in better
    environment and employment generation for youth,
    who can be involved in marketing and after sales
    service.
  •  

19
  • b) Prababolic Dish Type
  • In Parabolic Solar Cookers the solar rays are
    concentrated on the cooking vessel, which is
    painted black, and placed at the focal point
    of the parabolic dish. Due to higher
    temperature, cooking is faster than in box cooker
    and frying etc, is possible.
  • Different sizes of these models are available to
    suit the customer requirements. Such cookers can
    also help in reducing the crisis of conventional
    fuels. These can be used for income generation by
    catering the needs of small communities for
    cooking purpose at village and small town levels.
    They can replace kerosene stoves normally being
    used by road side vendors.

20
c) Community Cookers This model facilitates
coking food for 50 people. The cooking can be
inside the kitchen. This systems can be installed
in residential schools, canteens etc.
  • Solar Community Cookers are ideal for hostels,
    hospitals, hotels, mid-day meal programs for
    schools and hostels etc. One Solar dish system
    can cook for 40-- 50 people.

It enables cooking comforts in the kitchen. All
items can be cooked including frying, baking
etc.,
21
  • The system has automatic sun tracking mechanism
    and thus needs to be started only once in
    morning------- whole day the dish moves along
    with the sun just like sun flower.
  • One dish can conserve approx 50-100 kg wood per
    day.
  • After Completion of Training
  • Youth can be involved in marketing and
    undertaking installation job.
  • They can also take Annual Maintainance
    Contract(AMC)
  • or
  • Operation and Maintenance Contract (OM ) for the
    same.

22
d) Solar Steam Cooking
For cooking food to 500 and above persons, solar
steam cooking with back-up from conventional
boiler system can be installed. We have the
worlds largest Solar Steam Cooking system with a
capacity to cook 30000 meals every day, which is
functioning at Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams
Nityannadanam scheme.
23
  • Solar Steam Cooking offers a solution when food
    for more than 500 people needs to be cooked.
  • It is ideal for large community cooking and not
    only does it save fuel and environment but also
    makes cooking convenient and quick in cooking. 
  • The system is integrated with back-up boiler and
    thus cooking can be continued even during
    non-sunshine hours ------ like early
    morning------ late evening and------ on cloudy
    days.
  • The system can be fabricated locally by imparting
    training to the entrepreneur, who can employ
    local youth for fabrication, installation and
    maintenance work.
  •  

24
  • Solar Drying System
  • This is one of the best technologies suitable
    for creating rural employment.
  • DEHYDRATION PROCESS HELPS IN PRESERVATION OF
    FRUITS, VEGETABLES BY REDUCING THE MOISTURE
    CONTENT AND IMPROVING THE SHELF LIFE UP TO 6 TO
    10 MONTHS PERIOD.

25
  • Preparation of fruit bars i.e. mango bar, mixed
    fruit bars, drying of edible forest produce are
    best suitable applications in rural areas for
    reducing wastage and income generation to the
    rural people by gaining value addition.
  • Solar Drying in industrial sector is also
    developed for conservation of fossil fuels,
    electrical energy and also reduces the cost of
    processing. Tea leaves drying, Tobacco drying
    etc. are few applications in industrial sector.
  • Cabinet type Solar Dryers are ideal for drying of
    spices, fruits, vegetables and medicinal
    products.
  • Dryers are available in sizes ranging from 8 kgs
    to 50 Kgs capacity. Solar Dryers are an ideal
    system for getting value addition to the items
    dried in it. The drying process is hygienic and
    the dried product will also be of better quality
    compared to open sun drying.

26
  • These systems can create self employment for
    rural youth as the produce can be marketed with
    value addition at local levels and has good
    export potential to urban areas and abroad. Some
    youth can become entrepreneurs and can employ
    local youth for collection, processing, packing,
    marketing etc.,
  • SWAMY RAMANANDA TIRTHA RURAL INSTITUTE HAS
    ESTABLISHED A TRAINING-CUM PRODUCTION CENTRE
    AT ITS TRANFER OF TECHNOLOGY L A B TO L A N D
    ., BY INSTALLING 4-SOLAR DRYERS AS A PART OF
    CURRICULUM
  • SO THAT TRAINEES CAN GAIN FIRST HAND KNOWLEDGE ON
    ENTERPRENURAL SKILLS FOR STARTING THEIR OWN UNITS

27
Solar Water Heating Systems
  • Hot water is required for various applications
    like
  • Bathing
  • Washing
  • Cooking
  • Boiler feed water for industrial application etc.
  • In Hospitals and Nursing Homes for sterilisation
    etc.,

28
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29
  • Solar Water Heating Systems
  • Installation of SWHS in all sectors i.e.
    residential, institutions, commercial, industries
    etc. will benefit.
  • Uses
  • After the pay back period of investment on solar
    hot water which is around 2 to 2 ½ years, at zero
    energy cost is available for 17 to 18 years more.
  • Uninterrupted hot water supply for 24 hours
    without any waiting time.
  • National
  • Conservation of electrical energy and other
    fossil fuels.
  • Reduction in environment pollution.
  • Improving the productivity by diverting the
    energy conserved for industrial and agriculture
    sector.

30
Solar Passive Architecture
  • This technology is applied in building
    construction activities. Depending on the
    climate zones solar passive architecture features
    are incorporated in the building design. This
    will help in conservation of conventional energy
    sources up to 30. Green Business Centre
    constructed by CII Godrej at Hyderabad, Andhra
    Pradesh has got platinum rating from G.B.C.,
    U.S.A.

31
Bio-energy Bio-gas improved smokeless wood
burning stoves are two important schemes being
promoted by Ministry of Non-conventional Energy
Sources, New Delhi in rural areas for
conservation of the fossil fuels i.e. Firewood,
kerosene, L.P.G etc. Bio-gas Two models of
bio-gas plants are being constructed. Low cost
Deenabandu model for individual
families Floating drum model bio-gas plant for
community and institutional purposes. The main
raw material used for producing Methane gas in
this bio-gas plant is animal waste (Dung).
Bio-gas plants with kitchen waste and human
excretion are also developed and also in use.
32
DEENABADHU MODEL BIOGAS PLANT
Biogas plants of family size, community /
institutional capacities are available. Methane
gas produced in the biogas plant can be used
primarily for cooking, lighting and running IC
Engine to generate power or for mechanical
application like water pumping running flourmill
etc.
33
The Biogas plants can be constructed in rural
areas for individual families who own sufficient
number of cattle. The slurry which comes as
by-product from bio gas plant is rich in Nitrogen
content than raw dung which is used as fertiliser
in agriculture farms. Construction of bio-gas
plant needs services of skilled masons and
unskilled workers. Manufacturing of bio-gas
stove and other auxiliary equipment used in the
system needs manufacturing facilities. These
activities help in generating employment for
skilled and unskilled youth and also developing
entrepreneurs who are engaged as specialised
agencies in implementing the schemes.
34
Improved smokeless wood burning stoves
  • These models help in improving the thermal
    efficiency of wood burning stoves and also help
    in creating smoke free kitchen. They will also
    help in reducing the consumption of fire-wood and
    also, helping the children and women from eye and
    lung diseases caused due to smoke.

35
Energy Efficient Wood Burning Devices
Conventional wood burning stove is less efficient
thus consumes more fire wood and also emits lot
of smoke creating unhygienic environment in the
kitchen. Women and children are getting effected
with eye and lung disease due to this smoke.
Improved wood burning stoves are more efficient
and consumes less fire wood and also do not emits
very less or no smoke.
36
There are portable and fixed type models. The
fixed type model improved wood burning stoves
are constructed by trained workers (who could be
local youth both men and women). The employment
potential in construction and distribution is the
largest. The portable models can be fabricated in
local workshops.
37
Grid interactive power generation from Renewable
Energy Sources in India
  • Estimated potential
  • Wind - 45,000 M.W.
  • Biomass - 52,000 M.W.
  • Co-generation - 5,000 M.W.
  • Mini Hydel - 15,000 M.W.
  • Municipal / Industrial waste - 5,000 M.W.
  • -------------------
  • 1,22,000 M.W.
  • -------------------

38
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNIES Swamy Ramananda Tirtha
Rural Institute has established Solar Energy labs
for training the rural unemployed youth under YES
Campaign with the assistance of UNIDO in Feb.2005
and trained about 1080 candidates. both boys and
girls. In addition to the candidates from Andhra
Pradesh State, the training programme also
attracted the students from other states of India
like Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland and
Chattisghad. The students trained by our
Institute are employed by       
39
Some are recruited by manufacturers of solar
systems in Andhra Pradesh and Bangalore,
India.   Some of them are recruited for marketing
the Solar Equipment.   Some of them are recruited
for hands-on experience and permanent employment
in solar panel manufacturing industries in Andhra
Pradesh.   Some are working as entrepreneurs in
maintaining the already existing solar energy
systems.
40
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR
Manufacturing
Marketing , Retail sales Outlets/ Aditya shops
Training Demonstration
Consultancy services viz. surveys, system
design etc
Maintenance of systems
R D Activity designing new systems
Establishment of Renewable Energy Power Plants
Implementation of projects at field level
41
Specific areas for YES concern in developing
countries
  • Creation of smoke free village with solar
    cookers, Bio gas plants.
  • Remote area village electrification.
  • Replacement of kerosene lamps with SPV lanterns.
  • Solar drying technology for food processing
    edible forest produce.
  • Training of youth in R.E technologies in
    installation, servicing, providing after sales
    service.
  • Conducting awareness programs

42
  • The Earth, The Water and the Air, not a gift
    to us from our parents but a loan for our
    children
  • An old Indian Saying

43
THANK YOU
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