General introduction to EC Development Cooperation

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General introduction to EC Development
Cooperation
Aprodev working group on EC Funding
APRODEV training workshop on EC funding and
project management Johannesburg 12-16 March 2007
(updated in July 2008) Organised by Christian
Aid (UK), EED-Church Development Service (G),
Bread for the World (G), Church of Sweden (Sw),
ICCO (Nl), Danchurchaid (Dk)
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The European Union

• 27 Member States and more than 490 million
  citizens
• A Treaty establishing principles, competences,
  institutions and their functioning
• Full political competence on Development
  cooperation and international trade agreements
• Increasing political competences on Foreign and
  Security Policies and Defence Policies
• 3 main institutions Commission, Council and
  Parliament
• An Annual Budget of around 100 billion euros or
  1 of total EU GNI out of which around 10 is
  allocated to external actions

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EU institutions

• Council of Ministers 27 Foreign Affairs
  ministers meeting every month. Two times a year
  special focus on Development Policy. Co-decision
  with EP on legislation and annual EU Budget.
  Decision on CFSP and EDF.
• European Parliament 785 members elected directly
  by citizens of 27 MS. Co-decision with Council on
  development legislation and on the annual EU
  Budget. Main role in ex-post budgetary control.
• European Commission executive body with a right
  of initiative on policies and legislation
• 25 Commissioners and 24 000 civil servants
• 23 Directorates General with Policy
  responsibilities

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The European Commission

• 6 Directorate General and 4 Commissioners are
  involved in EU relations with third countries
• DG Development, DG External relations, DG Trade,
  DG Enlargement, AIDCO and ECHO
• Trade negotiations with ACP countries are under
  responsibility of DG Trade
• DG Development is only responsible for the EDF
  and for thematic development programmes
• DG Relex is responsible for cooperation with non
  ACP countries and for Human Rights and CFSP
  related issues

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How is the EC organised to deliver Development
and Humanitarian Aid in Africa
Commissioner External Relations
Commissioner Dev Hum Aid
Policy and Programming
DG Development ACP Development thematics
DG RELEX Human rights Conflict prevention Security
ECHO Policy and Implementation
AIDCO Implementing body
Implementation
Brussels
Field
EC Delegations
ECHO Field Offices
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Role of Delegations

• There are 118 Delegations in third countries with
  the role of
• presenting, explaining and implementing EU
  policy
• analysing and reporting on the policies and
  developments of the countries to which they are
  accredited  and
• conducting negotiations in accordance with a
  given mandate.
• Delegations also play a key role in
  implementation of external assistance
• Leading the aid programming process in
  consultation with third countries governments
• Managing official aid to third countries
  governments (NIPs)
• Managing country specific NGO and CS projects
• Launching and managing local calls for proposals
• Coordinating with other Official Aid donors
  present in the Country

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EU Development Policies

• European Consensus on Development
• Policy statement adopted by the 3 EU institutions
• Applicable to all developing countries, defines
  development principles and priorities of the
  Member States and the EC.
• Open the door for more coordination between MS
  and EC
• Cotonou Agreement between African, Pacific and
  Caribbean countries and the EU
• Development cooperation and trade agreement
• Political dialogue
• Joint ACP-EU institutions (Council, JPA)
• Agreement for 20 years reviewed every five years
  (until 2020)

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EC Development and Humanitarian Aid

• Total EC ODA in 2007 8.5 billion euros
• European Development Fund (5 years) - EDF
• Inter-governmental Fund, financial arm of the
  Cotonou Agreement contribution from 25 MS
• In 2007, EDF 2.8 billion euro 33 of EC ODA
• Annual EC Budget for External Actions
• In 2007 67 of EC ODA
• Cover EC cooperation with all third countries,
  not limited to DC
• Geographic budget lines for Asia, Latin America,
  Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, the Balkans ..all
  third countries except ACP
• Thematic budget lines for action in all countries
  (including ACP)

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How is aid delivered?

• EDF is delivered through national and regional
  indicative programmes (CSPs, RSPs) and intra-ACP
  funding (facilities and programmes for all ACP or
  Africa)
• Thematic programmes are delivered through
  multi-annual strategies translated into annual
  work programmes
• In both cases actors and projects for
  implementation are identified through calls for
  proposals or calls for tender.
• Direct aid to governments is provided through
  budget support, SWAPs and/or projects with
  ministries
• EC is not an implementing body and resorts a lot
  to technical assistance and consultancy

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Place of CSOs/NGOs in EC aid

• 50 of EC aid from the annual budget is
  channelled indirectly through NSA (NGOs, other
  CSOs, International organisations, trade unions,
  employers associations,)
• Partners number 1 for indirect aid are the
  international organisations (48), followed by
  NGOs (39 ) and by other NSA actors (13)
• IO (UN others) are a main partner for all aid
  instruments while NGOs are main partners for TBL
  and Humanitarian Aid mainly
• Examples exist of EC aid to CSOs managed by UN
  agencies Sudan 50 million package for CS managed
  by UNDP World Food programme
• In general limited direct access to EC aid for
  CSOs from Developing countries
• ( Based on 2003 data, no recent detailed
  information available)

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The Future Instruments
10th EDF 2008 2013 23.97 billion
Development Co-operation Instrument DCI Developin
g countries not other than EDF, ENPI, PAI
thematic programmes 17 billion
European Neighbourhood Partnership
Instrument ENPI East Europe, Caucasus,
Mediterranean countries 11 billion
Pre-Accession Instrument PAI Turkey and the
Balkans 11.5 billion
Co-operation with industralised countries
172 million

Human Rights and Democracy 1.1 billion
Instrument for Stability 2 billion
Horizontal Instruments
Humanitarian Aid 5.6 billion
Macro-Financial Assistance 0.7 billion
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Future thematic programmes

• Investing in People Human and Social
  Development reproductive health, HIV/AIDS,
  education, gender, children rights,
• Non-state Actors and Local Authorities in
  Development focus on civil society actors and
  actions, replace co-financing open to wider
  range of actors in N and S
• Environment and Sustainable Management of Natural
  Resources including Energy
• Food Security. Advancing the Food Security Agenda
  to Achieve the MDGs - Food Aid will be included
  in humanitarian aid
• Promotion of Democracy and Human Rights Worldwide
• Cooperation with Third Countries in the Areas of
  Migration and Asylum

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EC Funding Architecture
2006
2006
9th EDF
BUDGET LINES in EU BUDGET
2007
2008
2007
10th EDF
DC Instrument.
Hum. Aid Instr.
Stab. Instr
NIPs
RIPs
Facilities
Thematic Programmes
FPA
?
CFTender local CFP TA
Brussels CFP or Local CFP
AFRICA
SADC
Zambia
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• The funding relations

Humanitarian aid
Development aid
AIDCO
ECHO
EU public
Global calls
NSA programme
Thematic programmes
HRDI
FPA
EU NGOs
Brussels
Field
ECHO field Offices
EC Delegations
EU NGOs field offices
Local calls NIPs TBL HRDI
Actions by Civil Society organisations in
developing countries