Connectivity

1
Chapter 12

• Connectivity

2
Overview

• The basic concepts of networking and the
  terminology used in networking will be introduced.

3
Overview

• Will learn how to create network connections to
  share resources.

4
Overview

• Will look at command line utilities to gather
  information about your network and perform other
  network-related tasks.

5
Overview

• How to map a drive on a network will be discussed
  and then a drive will be mapped.

6
Overview

• Will be introduced to the basic protocols of the
  Internet.

7
Overview

• How Command Line Utilities can be used to
  troubleshoot and diagnosis problems will be
  discussed.

8
Overview

• Will learn how to connect to and navigate the
  Internet.

9
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• LAN (local area network)
• Network of computers located in one room or
  building

10
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Networks have
• Servers - provide shared resources to network
  users
• Clients - access shared network resources

11
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Two types of networks
• Server-based (gt 10 users)
• Peer-to-peer (lt 10 users)

12
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Advantages to setting up network
• Share hardware
• All users can access current files
• Can update information as needed
• Set up local e-mail
• Laptops can be attached and detached
• If away from office can dial in to network to
  access needed resources

13
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• WAN (wide area network)
• Network of computers connected over long distances

14
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• All networks need a NIC (network interface card)
  installed into each computer.

15
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Cabled network - card must support type of cable
  used to connect computers
• Wireless network - each computer has wireless
  network card
• Allows computers to communicate by radio waves,
  infrared , power wires in walls, or by phone.

16
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Need to decide appropriate network design
  (topology).

17
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Popular topologies for peer-to-peer network
• Bus topology
• Star topology

18
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Bus - common topology for workgroup
• Uses single coaxial cable (Thinnet)
• Need T-connectors and terminator plugs
• All computers connect to a single cable

19
Networks (LANs and WANs)Fig 12.1 A Peer-to-Peer
Network with Bus Topology p. 635
20
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Bus topology
• Advantages
• Ease of installation
• Relatively inexpensive
• Easy to expand
• Disadvantage
• One segment of cable fails - entire network down
• Becoming less common

21
Networks (LANs and WANs)Fig 12.2 A Peer-to-Peer
Network with Star Topology p. 636
22
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Star topology
• Uses a hub
• Advantage
• Single point of failure
• Disadvantages
• More expensive
• Wiring can be unwieldy
• Wireless network - no need to run wires

23
Networks (LANs and WANs)Fig 12.3 A Wireless and
Wired Network p. 637
24
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Either topology can use any resource
• by connecting it to cable or hub.

25
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Most users prefer a hub
• Instead of hub can use
• Switch
• Router
• Firewall may be selected

26
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Server-based networks need NOS (network operating
  system) that
• tell computers how to communicate with one
  another.

27
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• To work, a network needs
• Hardware
• Software
• Network Administrator

28
Networks (LANs and WANs)

• Network administrator
• Decides how hardware and software used
• Decides who will have access to what devices and
  resources on network
• Manages day-to-day operation of hardware, network
  operating system, and resources of network

29
Looking at Your Network

• When Windows XP Professional is installed, it
  will detect network card and installs default
  components.
• Can add network later using New Connection Wizard
  or Network Setup Wizard

30
Looking at Your Network

• When setting up peer-to-peer network
• Need to name computer
• Provide administrator password
• Most important password in Windows XP
  Professional
• Each user needs log on name and password

31
Looking at Your Network

• My Network Places is map to network.

32
Looking at Your Network

• Activities that follow are based on specific
  computer configuration.
• Do not attempt to do activities in a lab
  environment unless instructed by your instructor

33
Activity - Looking at Your Network

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Local Area Connection Properties sheet
• General, Authentication and Advanced tabs
• What various icons represent
• Terms
• Client, Service, Protocol
• Firewall, Gateway, ICF, ICS, Browser
• Computer and workgroup names
• Universal naming convention

34
Sharing Printers on a Network

• Two parts to sharing resources
• Server - computer with resources you wish to
  share
• Client - computer that wishes to access resources

35
Sharing Printers on a Network

• On large network one computer is the print
  server.
• On small network the print server is any
  computer that is connected to a printer.

36
Sharing Printers on a NetworkFig 12.4 Printer
Sharing on a Network p. 645
37
Sharing Printers on a Network

• If a printer is attached to a computer, you could
  use the printer locally.

38
ActivitySharing Printers on the NetworkFig
12.5 The Connect to Printer Dialog Box p. 652
39
ActivitySharing Printers on a Network

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Can run different OS for each computer on network
• Must use same name across network
• Icons
• Identifying network and shared printer icons
• Two printer icons (Hung Off and Local)

40
ActivitySharing Printers on a Network

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Choose Local printer if printer on hub
• Network path always begins with double backslash
• Format - \\computer name\share name

41
Sharing Hard Drive and a Folder on a Network

• File server
• Computer with drive that is shared
• Large network - often one computer designated at
  file server
• Small network - usually no dedicated file server

42
Sharing Hard Drive and a Folder on a Network

• Can share entire drive
• or selected folders.

43
Permissions and Rights

• In lab environment local computer part of
  domain
• Administered by network administrator
• Includes access control

44
Permissions and Rights

• Using NTFS
• Can set permissions on files/folders
• Users can be assigned to groups
• When object created owner assigned to it
• Objects inherit permissions

45
Permissions and Rights

• Using FAT32
• Can provide some security on folders when shared
  on network
• Cannot assign permissions on a file-by-file
  basis as you can with NTFS

46
ActivitySharing Drives on a Network

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Flashlight icon - Windows looking for a network
  connection
• Ramifications of Simple File Sharing
• Administrator share
• Authenticated Users
• Naming shared device
• How to identify computer you are on
• Deny permissions takes precedence over allow
  entries

47
Using Net Commands

• See list of net commands by keying in net help at
  command line.

48
Using Net CommandsFigure 12.6 List of NET
Commands p. 668
49
Using Net Commands

• For detailed help on a command use syntax net
  help command

50
Using Net CommandsFigure 12.7 Using Help with
the Net Command p. 668
51
Using Net Commands

• For brief help use net command /?
• Three net commands answer questions regarding
  network setup needed when seeking Tech support.

52
Activity - Gathering Information with NET Command
on Domain

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Gathered information about workstation
• No limit to of users that can be logged onto
  network
• Function of Net localgroup
• Messaging name
• Commands - NET NAME, NET USER, NET VIEW, NET
  ACCOUNTS, NET STATISTICS
• Reason for having hard copy of above information

53
Activity - Gathering Information with NET Command
on DomainFigure 12.9 Windows 2000 Server Using
the NET USER p. 672

54
Activity - Gathering Information with NET Command
on DomainFigure 12.10 Windows 2000 Domain Server
Using the NET STATISTICS SERVER p. 675

55
Mapping Drives and the NET USE command

• Mapped drive
• Shared network drive or folder that has been
  assigned a local drive letter

56
Mapping Drives and the NET USE command

• Mapped drive/folder
• Appears as a drive on client computer
• Can be accessed (My Computer) using
  assigned/mapped letter.

57
Mapping Drives and the NET USE command

• NET USE
• Command line utility used to map drives, gives
  info and allows shares to be manipulated
• Connects/disconnects computer to shared resource
• Used to set up network printer to act as a
  local printer
• Drive alias assigned with NETUSE may or may not
  be persistent

58
ActivityUsing the NET USE Command

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Drive alias assigned with NET USE may/may not be
  persistent
• Know before issuing NET USE connection
• Place drive mapping commands into batch file and
  place shortcuts to batch files on Desktop
• PAUSE holds batch file for user intervention
• Use drive letter mappings to shared devices in
  many ways
• Make backups of critical data on the fly
• Graphic with two CDs

59
ActivityUsing the NET USE Command Fig 12.11
Use of Persistent on a Domain Server p. 679
60
ActivityUsing the NET USE Command Fig 12.12
Net Use on a Domain p. 685
61
ActivityUsing the NET USE Command Fig 12.13
Using NET USE on a Domain p. 685
62
Mapping Drives Using Windows Explorer and My
Computer

• Can also use GUI to map drives
• Right-click My Computer/or My Network
  Places from Start menu and choose Map Network
  Drive
• If available - right click icons
• Use Tools menu

63
Activity - Mapping Drives with Windows Explorer
and My Computer

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Can identify network drive by icon
• Access mapped network drive as any drive on
  system
• Sharing drive - sharing all folders on drive

64
The Internet

• Internet
• Worldwide network of computers
• Part of information superhighway
• Referred to as cyberspace

65
The Internet

• Internet is used to connect to various public and
  private institutions in order to
• Communicate with other computer users
• Gather information
• Do research
• To learn
• Purchase/sell goods

66
The Internet

• Internet - actual network used to transport
  information.
• Web -
• Collection of standards and protocols used to
  access information on the Internet.
• Interconnected collection of millions of Web
  sites

67
The Internet

• Web uses three standards
• URLs - location of document
• HTML - programming language used to create
  documents
• HTTP - protocol used to transfer data

68
The Internet

• To retrieve a document, URL needs
• Protocol to be used
• Server address with which to connect
• Path to the information

69
The Internet

• URL syntax
• protocol//server name/path

70
The Internet

• HTTP is major protocol used to transfer
  information within the World Wide Web.

71
The Internet

• Web site
• Resides on a server
• Has an address (URL)
• Virtual/physical location of Web page (person/org)

72
The Internet

• Web page
• Single screen of text and/or graphics
• Usually has hypertext links to other pages

73
The Internet

• Dot part of address denotes type of web site
• .com
• .edu
• .gov
• .mil
• .org

74
The Internet

• Search engine
• Category of sites developed to find needed
  information
• Helps you find what you want
• Index to indexes

75
The Internet

• Search engines
• http//www.yahoo.com
• http//www.altavista.com
• http//www.guide.infoseek.com
• http//www.lycos.com
• http//www.askjeeves.com
• http//www.webcrawler.com

76
The Internet

• Portal - entry to Web
• Yahoo! and Excite are positioning themselves as
  portals

77
The Internet

• Connect to the Internet via
• Online provider
• ISP (Internet service providers)
• Also called IAP (Internet access providers)
• Direct cable connection
• ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
• DSL
• Satellites

78
An Overview of TCP/IP

• Data is transferred over
• the Internet through
• TCP/IP protocols.

79
An Overview of TCP/IP

• Data travels through several networks until
  it gets to its destination
• Each network has a router
• Data sent in packets

80
An Overview of TCP/IP

• TCP and IP protocols specify the rules used for
  creating, addressing, and sending the packets of
  data.

81
An Overview of TCP/IP

• TCP
• Divides data into packets
• Numbers each packet so they can be reassembled at
  receiving end.
• IP
• Specifies addresses of sending/receiving
  computers
• Sends packets on their way

82
An Overview of TCP/IP

• Data divided into packets.

83
An Overview of TCP/IP

• Connecting to the Internet
• Permanent open connection
• PPP (Point to Point Protocol)
• SSLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)
• Cable modem or DSL connection

84
An Overview of TCP/IP

• Each computer connected to the Internet needs
• TCP/IP protocols installed
• Unique IP address
• Can be static or dynamic.

85
An Overview of TCP/IP

• IP address made up of
• four numbers separated
• by periods.

86
An Overview of TCP/IPFig 12.14 A Dotted Quad
Address p. 696
87
An Overview of TCP/IP

• Originally, IP address divided into
• Class A, Class B, or Class C
• Now, two additional classes
• Class D or Class E

88
An Overview of TCP/IP

• To not run out of IP addresses
• Do not assign permanent (static) address
• Assign temporary (dynamic) IP address for work
  session

89
An Overview of TCP/IP

• Each site attached to Internet belongs to a
  domain.
• Domain Name System (DNS) - provides name
  resolution.
• Numeric IP address needed to communicate across
  Internet.

90
An Overview of TCP/IP

• Use browser to access a site on Internet, key in
  its URL.

91
An Overview of TCP/IP Fig 12.14 A Dotted Quad
Address p. 696
Internet name of the computer (server)
Name of the protocol to use when accessing the
server
Name of the item to request from the server
92
TCP/IP UtilitiesCommand Line Interface with the
Internet

• Windows provides a series of commands (utility
  programs) that run at the command line.

93
TCP/IP UtilitiesCommand Line Interface with the
Internet

• Utility programs are TCP/IP commands
• Set of tools used for troubleshooting problems
• Offer connections to computers not connected to
  web
• If in lab environment and going through a
  firewall some of utilities may not function
• Installed when TCP/IP network protocols installed

94
TCP/IP UtilitiesCommand Line Interface with the
InternetTable 12.1 Command Line Commands for the
Internet pp.. 698-699
95
TCP/IP UtilitiesCommand Line Interface with the
Internet

• For help with any of the commands, at the command
  line key in
• Command name, a space, and then /?

96
IPCONFIG

• IPCONFIG
• Displays current TCP/IP configurations in one
  place
• Allows the request of a release or renewal of a
  DHCP-assigned IP address

97
IPCONFIG

• Assigned address with dial-up service.
• Need address if trying to Telnet into restricted
  server.

98
ActivityUsing IPCONFIG

• KEY CONCEPTS
• See all information on Internet adapter that has
  TCP/IP bound to it
• If not connected/logged on - no IP address
  reported
• Adding /ALL parameter - obtain more information
  about network and internet connections

99
PING

• PING (Packet InterNet Groper)
• Diagnostic tool used to determine if computer
  you are trying to reach is up and running.

100
PING

• If ping successful - see four replies on screen
  display.
• If ping not successful - see Request timed out
  message.

101
PING

• Can ping yourself using loopback address
  (127.0.0.1).
• Pings are not always reliable.
• Some servers do not allow themselves to be
  pinged.

102
ActivityUsing PING

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Pinged IP address and host name
• Pinged yourself using loopback address
  (127.0.0.1)
• Loopback address is IP address of your computer
• Large organizations usually have a number of
  servers

103
TRACERT

• TRACERT
• Diagnostic utility that determines and traces
  route on which data is moving to destination
  computer.

104
TRACERT

• TRACERT determines data route by sending packets
  containing time values.
• When command is completed sends back five-column
  display.
• An asterisk () means attempt timed out.

105
TRACERT

• Tracert uses pings
• If server does not allow pinging - may not be
  able to trace a route

106
ActivityUsing TRACERT

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Right most column indicates what computers
  packets are traveling on
• Not always easy to know where route actually goes

107
FTP

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• Communications protocol that computer uses to
  transfer files
• FTP servers store files that Internet users can
  download

108
FTP

• Advantage of FTP
• Ability to transfer files to and from computers
  running different operating systems
• Can transfer files in either text or binary mode

109
FTP

• FTP has many commands
• To get help within FTP, key in HELP command
• For list of commands, key in HELP

110
ActivityUsing FTP

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Some servers allow anonymous logins
• Password - any word can be used
• For command syntax - key in HELP plus command
  name
• ASCII files have extensions of .txt
• Directories have a dr on far left.
• Compressed files have .ZIP extensions
• Need utility (PKZIP) to unpack file

111
ActivityUsing FTP

• KEY CONCEPTS
• Command Line Interface borrows from Unix
• Key in get filename - transfer file to default
  directory
• Key in get filename - (file name followed by
  hyphen) - acts like TYPE command
• To transfer binary file (.EXE) key in
• binary
• get file.exe
• ASCII
• Key in ASCII to return to text-file mode

112
Telnet

• Telnet is connection to a remote computer
• You become user on remote computer, and
• Your monitor becomes monitor for remote computer.

113
Telnet

• Example
• 1. You key in 3 4
• 2. Your computer transmits keystrokes to remote
  computer.
• 3. Remote computer receives keystrokes and does
  the work.
• 4. Your monitor becomes monitor for remote
  computer and results of work displayed on your
  computer.

114
Telnet

• Technically, Telnet is protocol and terminal
  handler portion of the TCP/IP protocol suite.

115
Telnet

• To use Telnet
• Both computers must support Telnet protocol
• Incoming user must have permission to use remote
  computer

116
Telnet

• Telnet used
• By system administrator (or other professional)
  to log on to your computer and troubleshoot
  problems on your computer
• Most commonly, for connecting to libraries and
  other public databases

117
ActivityUsing Telnet

• KEY CONCEPTS
• For list of commands in Telnet environment, key
  in ?/help
• Became a user on a remote computer
• Used Telnet to connect to Library catalog