Distribution of Population by Age in the MidSouth Delta Region, 19902000

1
Spotlight on the South
A Demographic and Socioeconomic Profile of the
Region
Bo Beaulieu, Southern Rural Development Center
2
Outline of Presentation

• Population characteristics
• Family structure
• Poverty status
• Residential mobility patterns
• Economic features
• Educational status
• The so whats !!

3
Examining Population Changes
4
Population Changes,1990-2000

• U.S. grew by 32.7 million persons, or 13.2
• Largest numerical increase in history
• West region grew at the fastest rate (19.7),
  followed by the South (17.3)
• The U.S. South has largest number of people, over
  100 million persons
• 36 of the U.S. population now live in the South

5
Population Change Varies by State

• For the first time in the 20th century, all U.S.
  states gained population
• Nevada grew at the fastest pace 66
• North Dakota grew the slowest 0.5

U.S. 13.2
6
Population Features of the Southern Region
7
Population of the Southern Region by Race
Ethnicity, 1990-2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau
8
Sources of Population Change by Race, 1990-2000
29.7
50.4
19.9
9
Population Change in Metro and Nonmetro Areas of
the South by Race, 1990-2000
10
Distribution of Population by Agein the South,
1990-2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau
11
Population Profile of the South by by Age, 1990
2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau
12
Percent Change in Population by Age Groupings,
1990-2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau
13
Percentage Growth Within Various Age Groupings in
Metro Nonmetro Areas of the South,1990-2000
5-17
14
The Changing Structure of the Family
15
Structure of Family Households with Children
Under 18 Years Old, 1990 2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau
16
Family Structure of Metro and Nonmetro Families
With Kids Under 18 in the South, 1990 and 2000
1990
2000
17
Shifts in Family Structure in the Souths Metro
and Nonmetro Areas, 1990-2000
18
Structure of Family Households with Children
Under 18 in 2000,by Race and Ethnicity
19
Poverty Status of Individuals
20
Percent of Population Below Poverty by Race and
Ethnicity, 1990 2000
21
Number of Persons in Poverty,1990 2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau
22
Poverty Shifts in Metro and Nonmetro Areas of the
South, 1990-2000
23
Residential Mobility Patterns
24
Mobility Pattern of the Southern Regions
Population 5 and Over, 1990-2000

25
Mobility Patterns in Metro Nonmetro Areas, 1990
2000
Nonmetro
Metro
26
Change in Residential Location by Metro
Nonmetro Areas, 1990-2000
27
The Economic Features of the Region
28
Type of Industries Classified by Each Sector

• Goods Producing
• Farm
• Agricultural Services
• Mining
• Manufacturing
• Construction

• Service Producing
• Transportation and Public Utilities
• Wholesale Trade
• Retail Trade
• Finance, Insurance and Real Estate
• Services
• Government and Government Enterprises

29
The Industrial Profile of Full and Part-Time Jobs
in the South,1990 and 2000
Source Regional Economic Information System
(REIS)
30
Proportion of New Full and Part-Time Jobs
Generated by Each Sector, 1990-2000
8.4
Source Regional Economic Information System
(REIS)
31
Commute to Work by Labor Force Living in the
South, 1990-2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau
32
Commute to Work by Metro Nonmetro Workforce,
1990 2000
2000
1990
33
Place of Work of the Expanded Workforce over the
1990-2000 Period
34
Educational Credentials of the Region
35
Educational Attainment of Adults 25 Years Old in
the South, 1990 2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau
36
Changes in the Educational Status of Adults 25
and Over, 1990-2000
Source U.S. Census Bureau
37
Educational Attainment of Adults 25 and Over by
Race and Ethnicity, 1990-2000
African Americans
Hispanics
Source U.S. Census Bureau
38
Educational Status of Metro and Nonmetro
Southerners,1990 and 2000
Nonmetro
Metro
39
Educational Status of Metro Nonmetro
Southerners by Race, 2000
40
Whats the RD Story?

• Dramatic rise in the influx of Latinos into the
  region ( 73 during the decade). Rural
  communities will be challenged to
• Accept and embrace cultural differences
• Expand bilingual language capacity in key service
  areas (education, health services, public safety
  services, etc.)
• Address housing needs of this growing segment of
  the population

41
Whats the Story?

• Healthy growth occurring in all age groups.
  Impact on the rural South?
• Strong demand will exist for the provision of key
  services for youth and senior citizens
• Healthy growth of working age population places
  increased pressure on rural areas to focus on job
  generation strategies.

42
Whats the Story?

• Family structure continues to become more complex
• Nonmetro areas no longer more likely to have
  married couple families when contrasted with
  metro areas (both around 69).
• Rapid growth of single-headed families will place
  pressure for expanded family support systems to
  be in place (child care, after school programs,
  community recreation activities).
• African American families at greatest risk with
  over 52 of families with kids are headed by a
  single parent.

43
Whats the Story?

• Poverty rates have improved during the 1990s, but
  rates are now on the upswing
• About half of the growth in the Souths
  population growth in the 90s is linked to growth
  of minority groups
• These are the very groups at highest risk of
  falling into poverty
• These demographic groups will continue to be the
  drivers of population growth in the region
• What efforts must be developed to assist
  low-wealth individuals and families in the rural
  South?

44
Whats the Story?

• Sizable increases in the the in-migration of
  individuals from different counties in a state,
  or from different countries. What is driving
  this increase? What are rural communities doing
  to respond?

45
Whats the Story?

• Economy and Jobs
• Traditional base of the nonmetro Souths economy
  is declining, replaced by service producing
  sector jobs. What are the pluses and minuses
  for rural areas?
• Decline of basic industries
• Job quality
• Earnings
• Benefits
• Security
• Need for new economic development strategies
  beyond business/industry attraction approaches

46
Whats the Story?

• Economy and Jobs
• Sizable outflow of nonmetro workers in the South
  to work sites outside their county or state of
  residence. Is this
• A lifestyle preference or economic necessity?
• Daily daily outflow of people to other areas is
  likely to have negative impact on social capital
  resources, civic engagement, family life, local
  businesses.
• Multi-county economic development planning seems
  logical in light of the regional labor market
  that appears to be in place.

47
Whats the Story?

• Education has improved in the rural South, but
  some RD challenges remain.
• Many individuals completing some education
  beyond high school, but only a fraction of these
  individuals are securing an associates degree.
• The 42 percent growth in the number of persons
  with a bachelors degree or higher in the rural
  South.
• linked to the economy of the region?
• due to the net migration of individuals who
  possess better human capital attributes?
• Educational progress and expanded training
  targeted to racial and ethnic minorities vital to
  the economic health of the rural South.

48
Thank You ! !