Chp' 17 Classification Systems

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Chp. 17 Classification Systems

• Imagine heading to the grocery store to buy some
  apples only to find vegetables mixed with the
  cereal, and fruits mixed with the meats!!!

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Classification.Grouping

• Fortunately, grocery stores are organized in a
  way that makes sense to customers.
• Scientist organize the more than 2 million known
  types of organisms by the characteristics they
  share.

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Classification

• Systematic grouping of organisms based on common
  characteristics.

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Taxonomy

• Identifying, classifying, and naming living
  things.
• Taxonomists Scientist who study taxonomy.

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Development of Classification

• Aristotle (did the earliest classification)
• Classified organisms in two groups either
  (1) Plants or (2) Animals
• Divided animals by
• gtwhether they swam in water
• gtflew through the air
• gtwalked on land

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Aristotle grouped all organisms into two major
groups
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New Method of Classification

• Carolus Linnaeus Father of Taxonomy
• Developed a two-word naming system called
  binomial nomenclature
• Developed a hierarchical system, which means it
  consists of levels.
• Taxon any group of organisms (taxagtplural)
• In Linnaeus system, the largest group was a
  kingdom

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Binomial Nomenclature

• Each organism is given a two-word Latin name
• 1st word genus (always capitalized)
• 2nd word species (always lower case)
• Example man gt Homo sapien
• house catgt Felis domesticus

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Order of Classification

• Do Kings Play Chess On Fancy Game Squares?

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Modern Taxonomist

• Advanced technology enables taxonomist to learn
  about the cell structures of organisms and
  biochemical substances with them.
• With this infomodern taxonomist have developed a
  category this is larger than kingdoms called
  Domains

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The Three Domains

• (1) Eukarya(All eukaryotes)
• (2) Bacteria(unicellular bacteria, prokaryotic)
• (3) Archaea(unicellular prokayotes, resemble
  bacteria)

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6 KINGDOMS
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Classifying using Keys

• Dichotomous Key
• Consists of several pairs of statements.
• Based on observations about an organism.
• Each statement leads to either the name of an
  organism or another pair of statements.

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Dichotomous KeyIdentifying Types of Birds
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Basis of Classification Evidence of Evolution
Evolutionary phylogeny classifying organisms
based on evolution relationships DNA and
Biochemical Analysis Using DNA comparisons to
determine relationships Embryology classifying
organisms based on early development Morphology
classifying organisms based on physical
structure. (Comparative Morphology structures
of living things are compared