I

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II Formulations

• Dr. Ken Roach
• JohnsonDiversey

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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What are II Products?

• Institutional
• products used to clean, sanitize and improve
  appearance of surfaces in a restaurant, hotel,
  hospital, school, office building, retail store,
  etc.
• Industrial
• products used clean, sanitize and improve
  appearance of surfaces in an Industrial setting
• products used to enhance an Industrial process

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Institutional Applications

• Machine Dishwashing
• Hard Surface Cleaning
• Sanitizing / Disinfecting of Hard Surfaces
• Laundry
• Floor Care
• Air Care

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Industrial Applications

• Hard Surface Cleaning
• CIP (Clean-In-Place)
• COP (Clean-Out-of-Place)
• OPC (Open Plant Cleaning)
• Sanitizing / Disinfecting of Hard Surfaces
• Process Aids
• lubricants
• metal treatment
• others

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Sinners Circle

• If you have a bad cleaning result, you probably
  did not use enough of one or more of the 4
  necessary components of cleaning
• time
• temperature
• mechanical energy / agitation
• chemical
• Decrease any one and one or more of the others
  must be increased to maintain performance

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Formulators Sinners Circle

• If your formulation does not give you a good
  cleaning result, you probably did not use enough
  of one or more of the 4 necessary components of
  cleaning
• alkalinity / acidity
• chelation
• emulsibility / surfactant conc
• solvency / solvent conc
• Decrease any one and one or more of the others
  must be increased to maintain performance

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Institutional Machine Dishwashing

• Hot Water Sanitizing
• 2 product system
• detergent
• powder, solid, slurry or liquid
• rinse aid
• Chemical Sanitizing (LED/LTD)
• 3 product system
• detergent
• usually liquid
• rinse aid
• sanitizer
• usually hypochlorite

(Low Energy Dishwashing / Low Temperature
Dishwashing)
CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Institutional MachineDishwashing Detergents

• Caustic
• 10-50 as active
• replace with metasilicate for soft metal safe
  product
• Chelant
• 10-35 as active
• usually STPP
• NTA used in liquids in Canada
• Polymer
• 0-2.5 as active
• usually acrylic acid homopolymer

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Institutional MachineDishwashing Detergents

• Chlorine source
• 0-10 of 12 NaOCl in liquids
• 0-2.5 of dichloroisocyanurate in powders
• Other actives
• corrosion inhibitor
• enzymes
• Filler
• water for liquids
• soda ash / sodium sulfate for powders

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Institutional MWW Rinse Aids

• Nonionic surfactant
• 10-30 as active
• reverse temperature-solubility profile
• Hydrotrope
• typically SXS / SCS
• for product stability dispersion
• Preservative
• Dye
• Water

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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InstitutionalHard Surface Cleaners

• Wide variety of formulation types
• aqueous
• alkaline / neutral / acidic
• surfactant based / solvent based / chelant based
• non-aqueous
• Best option depends on soil/substrate combination
• In most instances, more than one type of
  chemistry can be used successfully

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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InstitutionalHard Surface Cleaners
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Highly Alkaline HardSurface Cleaners
Example Oven Cleaner

• Solvent
• 0-10 as active
• usually glycol ether
• Chelant
• 0-5 as active
• gluconate / phosphonate
• Filler

• Caustic
• 5-25 as active
• Surfactant
• 2-10 as active
• usually high foam nonionic

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Highly Alkaline HardSurface Cleaners
Example Degreaser

• Caustic
• 3-10 as active
• Surfactant
• 5-15 as active
• usually anionic / nonionic blend
• Solvent
• 2-10 as active
• usually glycol ether
• some terpene

• Chelant
• 0-5 as active
• EDTA/phosphate
• Rheology modifier
• 0-2 as active
• natural or synthetic polymers
• clays
• Dye / Fragrance / Preservative / Filler

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Mildly Alkaline HardSurface Cleaners
Example All Purpose Cleaner

• Caustic
• 0-5 as active
• Surfactant
• 5-20 as active
• usually anionic / nonionic blend
• Solvent
• 5-20 as active
• usually glycol ether
• some terpenes and/or alcohols

• Chelant
• 0-5 as active
• EDTA/phosphate
• Rheology modifier
• 0-2 as active
• natural or synthetic polymers
• clays
• Dye / Fragrance / Preservative / Filler

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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pH Neutral HardSurface Cleaners

• Example Hand Dishwashing Products
• Anionic surfactant
• 10-80 as active
• predominantly LAS
• SAS / LES also used
• Nonionic surfactant
• 0-10 as active
• coco DEA / APG / amine oxide
• Rheology modifier
• Usually to thin rather than thicken
• Dye / Perfume / Preservative / Filler

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pH Neutral HardSurface Cleaners

• Example Glass Cleaner
• Surfactant
• 0-2 as active
• anionic and/or nonionic
• Solvent
• 10-30 as active
• lower boiling glycol ether and/or alcohol
• Alkalinity
• 0-5 ammonia and/or alkanolamine
• Dye / Perfume / Preservative / Filler

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Mildly Acidic HardSurface Cleaners
Example Tub Tile Cleaner

• Acid
• 5-15 as active
• typically organic and/or phosphoric
• Surfactant
• 5-20 as active
• usually nonionic / amphoteric blend

• Solvent
• 5-20 as active
• usually glycol ether
• Chelant
• 3-10 as active
• EDTA
• Dye / Fragrance / Preservative / Filler

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Highly Acidic HardSurface Cleaners

• Example Lime Scale Remover
• Acid
• 10-60 as active
• predominantly phosphoric or phosphoric blends
  with HCl / nitric / sulfuric
• Nonionic surfactant
• 0-2 as active
• Glycol ether solvent
• 0-5 as active
• Dye / Perfume / Water

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Non-AqueousHard Surface Cleaners

• Example Stainless Steel Polish
• Low viscosity mineral oil
• 50-100
• Glycol ether solvent
• 0-50

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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InstitutionalSanitizers Disinfectants

• 2 chemistries dominate market
• hypochlorite
• quat
• Other available chemistries include
• iodophors
• peroxide / peracid
• acid anionics
• phenolics
• gluteraldehyde
• EPA registration is required
• often subregistration of suppliers primary

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Product Classification

• No Rinse sanitizers
• typically just biocidal agent water
• quat use conc 150-200 ppm
• chlorine use conc 50 ppm
• Detergent sanitizers
• biocidal agent incorporated into detergent
  formulation
• Detergent disinfectants
• biocidal agent incorporated into detergent
  formulation
• quat use conc up to 800 ppm
• chlorine use conc 200 ppm

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Institutional Laundry

• OPL (on-premise laundry)
• small scale
• hotel / restaurant / small health care
• Commercial
• large scale
• linen supply / uniform supply

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OPL

• Typically 4 - 5 products
• builder
• detergent (suds)
• sour
• bleach
• softener

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Laundry Builder

• Alkali
• caustic / silicate
• 30-50 as active
• Chelant
• phosphate / NTA / EDTA / polymer
• 20-35 as active
• Surfactant
• predominantly anionic
• lt5 as active
• Optical brightener
• Dye / Filler

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Laundry Detergent

• Anionic surfactant
• predominantly LAS
• 5-15 as active
• Nonionic surfactant
• NP6 / NP9 blend is workhorse
• LAE blends gaining
• 10-30 as active

• Alkali
• 0-10 as active
• Chelant
• 0-10 as active
• Optical brightener
• Anti-redeposition Aid
• Dye / Perfume / Preservative / Filler

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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OPL 1-Shot Detergent

• Combination builder detergent
• Difficult to formulate sufficient actives level
  to allow for reasonable dose size without
  sacrificing performance
• Limited application to household type machines or
  situations where performance standards are not
  difficult to attain

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Laundry Sour

• Sodium silicofluoride / sodium bifluoride
• 10-50 as active
• Dye / Filler

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OPL Laundry Bleach

• 8-12 sodium hypochlorite
• water

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Softeners

• Two categories dominate
• imidazoline quats
• dialkyl (tallow) quats
• 5-25 as actives
• Fragrance very important
• up to 2 of formulation
• Dye / Opacifier / Preservative / Filler

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Commercial Laundry

• Similar basic product mix
• Additional products may include
• water conditioner (100 chelant)
• prespoters
• specialty detergents
• high enzyme product for operating room linen
• oxygen bleach for chlorine sensitive fabric or as
  an antichlor
• starch for shirt laundries

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Floor Finishes

• Styrene / Acrylic Co-Polymer
• backbone of the formulation
• 12-24 as actives
• Waxes
• primary method of adjusting slip properties
• PE / PP waxes dominate
• typically a blend of two different waxes used
• 2-5 as actives
• ASR
• key to removability
• 1-3 as active

• Plasticizers
• TXIB
• dibutyl phthalate
• Benzoflex 131
• Leveling Aids
• TBEP
• Coalescing Solvents
• glycol ethers
• Wetting aids
• fluorosurfactant
• Defoamer
• Preservative / Water

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Floor Strippers

• Chelant
• EDTA
• 3-10 as active
• Solvent
• glycol ethers
• 10-30 as active
• Alkalinity
• MEA dominates
• 30-50 as active
• Filler

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Air Fresheners

• Perfume
• Up to 7
• Solvent
• typically highly volatile alcohol (MeOH/EtOH/IPA)
• Dye / Preservative / Water
• dye must be non-staining

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Industrial Hard Surface Cleaners(food industry)

• CIP (Clean In Place)
• detergent solution circulated through inside of
  pipes, tanks other difficult to access places
• COP (Clean Out of Place)
• detergent bath prepared in a recirculating tank
  for cleaning small parts easily removed
  replaced
• OPC (Open Plant Cleaning)
• detergent solution sprayed on walls, floors
  easily accessed areas of permanently installed
  and/or large equipment

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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CIP Detergents

• Alkali
• predominantly caustic
• silicate used for soft metal safe products
• 25-50 as active
• Chelant
• gluconate / EDTA / phosphonate
• 0-10 as active
• Bleach
• 0-5 as active
• Surfactant
• low foam non-ionic
• 0-5 as active
• Water

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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COP Detergents

• Typically same product used for both CIP and COP
• COP tonnage is typically insufficient to justify
  a separate product

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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OPC Detergents

• Alkali
• predominantly caustic
• silicate used for soft metal safe products
• 5-35 as active
• Chelant
• EDTA
• 0-5 as active

• Surfactant
• high foam anionic / non-ionic blends
• 5-15 as active
• Bleach
• 0-5 as active
• Water

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Disinfectants

• 4 main chemistries
• hypochlorite (CIP OPC)
• quat (OPC only)
• peracid / peroxide (mainly CIP)
• acid anionic (CIP OPC)
• Other chemistries include
• iodophors
• mixed halides
• chlorine dioxide / ASC
• EPA registration is required
• seldom rely on subregistration of suppliers
  formulation

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Lubricants

• Food applications
• aqueous
• fatty acid / fatty amine based
• silicone based
• Non-food applications
• aqueous
• as above
• non-aqueous
• hydrocarbon / mineral oil based

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Fatty Acid Lubricants

• Fatty acid
• C16-C18 provide best lubrication
• 5-20 as active
• Alkali
• caustic
• sufficient to neutralize fatty acid
• Chelant
• 0-1 as active
• mainly EDTA
• Water

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Silicone Based Lubricants

• Silicone emulsion
• 5-15 as active
• Preservative
• Water

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Metal Phosphatizing

• Phosphoric acid
• 10-15 as active
• Caustic
• enough to make MSP
• Accelerator
• oxidizer (NO3-) / reducer (hydroxyammonium
  sulfate)
• 0.5-1 as active
• Surfactant
• low foam non-ionic
• 0.5-2 as active
• Water

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Paint Booth Cleaner

• Non-Aqueous
• toluene/xylene
• MEK
• Aqueous
• glycol ether
• glycol ether acetate
• N-methyl pyrrolidone

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar
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Paint Booth Maskant

• Resin
• polymeric film former
• 30-70 as active
• Solvent
• aqueous
• emulsifier system
• preservative
• non-aqueous
• Corrosion Inhibitor

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Transportation Cleaners

• Car Wash
• concern about stripping wax
• resembles hand dish liquids
• moderate-high foam surfactant
• no solvent or chelant
• minimal (if any) alkalinity

• Truck Wash
• wax seldom used so no concern
• resembles degreaser type products
• low foam surfactant
• solvent
• chelant
• moderate alkalinity

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Felt Cleaner

• Alkaline Cleaner
• Alkali (caustic)
• 10-15 as active
• Chelant (EDTA / gluconate)
• 3-7 as active
• Surfactant (anionics / amphoterics)
• 1-5 as active
• Solvent (glycol ethers)
• 0-10 as active

• Acid Cleaner
• Acid (organic)
• 10-15 as active
• Chelant (EDTA)
• 3-7 as active
• Surfactant (nonionics)
• 5-10 as active
• Solvent (glycol ethers)
• 0-10 as active

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Summary

• II applications are highly varied compared to
  consumer applications
• II products are formulated to work under a wide
  variety of conditions

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Summary

• Formulator must be aware of the intended
  application and the restrictions inherent in that
  application
• knowledge of the soils to be removed
• knowledge of the surface to be cleaned
• knowledge of the types of chemistry available and
  how each will function in the given application

CSPA Cleaning Products Fundamentals Seminar