Selecting a Target - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 31
About This Presentation
Title:

Selecting a Target

Description:

Answer fundamental questions about the Earth system. One ... PLATFORM e.g., pigeon, balloon, airplane, satellite. Remote sensing instrument e.g., radiometer, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:47
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 32
Provided by: sarahb2
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Selecting a Target


1
Selecting a Target
  • Observational Science
  • the Five Skills of Geography

2
Observational Science
  • What it is
  • Five key skills of geography
  • Link to ISSEarthKAM and good science and geography

3
Three Types of Science
  • Experimental Science
  • Scientific method
  • Manipulating variables

4
Three Types of Science
  • Theoretical Science
  • Application of scientific logic and laws

5
Three Types of Science
  • Observational Science
  • Seeing less than manipulating or applying laws

6
Purposes
  • Answer fundamental questions about the Earth
    system
  • One of NASAs key areas of interest

7
Military Applications
8
Earth Science Applications
9
Homeland Security Applications
10
Guidelines for Conducting Observational Science
  • Select a theme to study
  • Select Areas of Interest (AOIs)
  • Regions as examples
  • Regions as anomalies
  • Regions as analogues
  • Limit your study
  • Prepare a research plan
  • See Five Skills of Geography
  • Collect data
  • Images and supporting information
  • Conduct your analysis
  • Make your conclusions
  • Verify

11
Five Core Skills
  • Asking geographic questions
  • Where?
  • Acquiring geographic information
  • Gathering data
  • Organizing geographic information
  • Maps, reports, and more
  • Analyzing geographic information
  • What does it mean?
  • Answering geographic questions
  • What have I learned?

12
Why skills are important
  • Provide necessary tools and techniques for
    thinking spatially
  • Necessary for making wise personal, community,
    governmental, and business decisions

Community, government, and business decisions
Life skills
13
Asking Geographic Questions
  • Why things are where they are and how they got
    there
  • Where is it located?
  • Why is it there?
  • What else is there, too?
  • What are the consequences of the location and
    associations of things there?
  • What is being observed?
  • What are my perceptions of it?

14
Asking Geographic Questions
  • Skills
  • ? Students identify geographic issues and themes
    and/or define problems
  • ? Students ask geographic questions
  • ? Students can plan and organize a geographic
    research project
  • Specify a problem
  • Pose a research question or hypothesis
  • Identify areas in need of investigation
  • Test the hypothesis/answer the question

15
Acquiring Geographic Information
  • What is geographic information?
  • Information about locations,
  • Human and physical characteristics of locations,
  • About the geographic activities and conditions of
    humans who live there
  • Kinds of geographic data?
  • Primary
  • Images, field work, community-based learning
  • Secondary
  • Texts, maps, statistics, photos, multimedia,
    computer-based databases, telephone directories

16
Acquiring Geographic Information
  • Skills
  • Locating and collecting data
  • Images, maps, and a variety of other sources
  • ? Observation and systematic recording of
    information
  • ? Interpretation of maps and other graphics

17
Organizing Geographic Information
  • Many ways to organize and present geographic
    information
  • Annotated images
  • Maps
  • Graphs, tables, spreadsheets, and timelines
  • Oral and written reports
  • Multimedia pictures, maps, graphs, captions, web
    pages
  • Poems, collages, plays, journal writing, and
    essays

18
Analyzing Geographic Information
  • Seeking patterns, relationships, and connections
    within geographic information
  • Maps/Images spatial patterns
  • Graphs trends/relationships
  • Data sequences, correlations, trends
  • Texts explanations/syntheses

19
Answering Geographic Questions
  • Developing and making generalizations
  • Key ideas that students should learn at the
    culmination of a process of inquiry
  • Requires that students
  • Use the information they have collected,
    processed analyzedOR
  • Take the evidence they have acquired to make
    decisions, solve problems, or make judgments on a
    question, problem, or issue

20
Answering Geographic Questions
  • Last step in the process of inquiry

Organizing geographic information
Acquiring geographic information
Analyzing geographic information
Answering geographic questions
Asking geographic questions
21
Problem Based Learning
22
Remote Sensing
  • science and art of identifying, observing, and
    measuring an object without coming into direct
    contact with it
  • --a tool and technique

23
Remote Sensing
  • Process
  • Detection and measurement of ELECTROMAGENTIC
    RADIATION at different wavelengths reflected or
    emitted from distant objects/materials
  • Data provides ability to identify Earth features
    materials

24
Remote Sensing
  • Purpose
  • Identify and categorize by class/type, substance,
    and spatial distribution
  • e.g., features in a scene (presented as image)
    classified into categories or classes
  • Image--gtthematic map
  • e.g., land use, vegetation types, rainfall
  • Can also abstract information about an object

25
Color
  • Objects appear different at different wavelengths
    and produce different information,
  • Computers can be used to produce a color image
    from a black and white remote sensing data set.

26
Remote Sensing
  • Methods

PLATFORM e.g., pigeon, balloon, airplane,
satellite
Remote sensing instrument e.g., radiometer,
radar, spectrometer AVHRR, MODIS, ETM
Object, area, phenomenon viewed by sensor system
27
Remote Sensing
  • Platform instrument Satellite sensor
  • Data from Earth orbiting satellites transmitted
    using radio waves to ground stations--gtdigital
    image.
  • Digital image--gttiny shapes PIXELS
  • (represent the energy reflected or
    emitted by each pixel)

28
Remote Sensing
  • PIXEL area on ground ( image) that is a
    measure of the sensors ability to resolve (see)
    objects of different sizes

15 meters
15 meters
Higher resolution (smaller pixel area)--gtable to
see smaller objects of pixels in an
image--gtcalculate area of a scene
29
Satellites
  • Human-made spacecraft placed in space to orbit
    another body
  • Crewed e.g., space shuttle, ISS
  • Uncrewed e.g., TERRA

30
Satellite Orbits
  • Each satellite has a set path above Earth orbit
  • varies with satellites purpose
  • polar orbit (circular above poles to survey all
    or portion of Earth as it turns below)
  • geosynchronous orbit (above equator at 35,888 km
    to match and floating over a point on equator
  • Low Earth orbit e.g., Space shuttle
  • Elliptical orbit

31
Why bother?
  • Provide way-cool information
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com