A Processors and Marketers View of Single Stream

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A Processors and Marketers View of Single Stream

• Sean Duffy
• President FCR Recycling
• RVP Casella Waste Systems

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Single-Steam Benefits

• Higher participation rates
• Higher material volumes
• Reduced unit costs for collection (time per stop,
  trucks on street, labor cost per ton, increased
  tons per route mile, etc.)
• Reduced collection and MRF employee safety risks
• Reduced injuries on the job
• Reduced employee turnover
• Reduced worker compensation rates
• Optimized fleet utility and flexibility
• Drier Materials

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Single-Steam Benefits (cont.)

• Increased recycling opportunities- unique
  commercial and industrial applications as well as
  residential
• Simplicity, improved aesthetics and convenience
• Making residential recycling economical and
  sustainable
• Gets the Buzz back about recycling
• Can expand list of acceptable materials
• Much improved environmental footprint
• Emissions, raw material consumption, energy needs
• Lower transfer and handling costs from transfer
  stations
• Easier to manage at drop-off sites

4
Converting Connecticut to Single-Stream

• A variety of perspectives on Single-Stream
• 1. Collection
• 2. Processing
• 3. Material Marketing

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Collection and Single-Steam

• Brief History
• Economics
• Projected Impacts
• RecycleBank

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Curbside Collection has come a long way in the
last 30 years
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Increased volume and ease of access
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Added compaction
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Semi-automated Compacted Containerized Collection
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Fully-automated Compacted Containerized
Collection
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Solid Waste Economics 101
RECYCLING
Cost of Collection
Tip Fees at MRF
Net Cost of Recycling


Not Sustainable
160/Ton
20/Ton
180/Ton
SOLID WASTE
Cost of Collection
Cost of Disposal
Net Cost of MSW


55/Ton
70/Ton
125/Ton
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Solid Waste Economics 101
RECYCLING
Cost of Collection
Tip Fees at MRF
Net Cost of Recycling


90/Ton
0/Ton
90/Ton
SOLID WASTE
Cost of Collection
Cost of Disposal
Net Cost of MSW


55/Ton
70/Ton
125/Ton
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Solid Waste Economics 101
RECYCLING
Cost of Collection
Tip Fees at MRF
Net Cost of Recycling


55/Ton
0/Ton
55/Ton
SOLID WASTE
Cost of Collection
Cost of Disposal
Net Cost of MSW


55/Ton
70/Ton
125/Ton
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What Impacts the Cost of Collection?

• Collection Vehicle Costs, Efficiency and Staffing
• House-Hold Participation
• House-Hold Volume
• Population Density
• Collection Methodology
• MRF Location
• MSW Disposal Sites Location

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Historically- Focus On Reducing Costs by Managing

• Collection Vehicle Costs, Efficiency and Staffing
• House-Hold Participation
• House-Hold Penetration
• Population Density
• Collection Methodology
• MRF Location
• MSW Disposal Sites Location

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It Can Be Much More Effective to Manage

• Collection Vehicle Costs, Efficiency and Staffing
• House-Hold Participation
• House-Hold Penetration
• Population Density
• Collection Methodology
• MRF Location
• MSW Disposal Sites Location

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Collection Management Reduces Costs by

• Cutting Labor Costs
• Cutting Fuel Costs
• More effective routing
• Automation
• Limit or reduce curbside sorting
• Add compaction to limit trips to MRF
• Cost per ton collected reduced by 5-10

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Why House-Hold Penetration Matters

• If the lbs per household doubles
• number of stops per route doesnt change
• time to service stops goes up a little
• tons collected per route doubles
• disposal costs decrease drastically for solid
  waste
• Cost per ton collected goes down 45-50

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How to increase house-hold volumes?

• Bin size
• Simplicity (Single-stream or dual bins)
• Education
• Pay-as-you-throw
• Work with MRF to broaden the list of acceptable
  materials
• RecycleBank

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Why House-Hold Participation Matters

• If the number of household participating each
  week doubles
• drive time between houses gets cut in half
• increase number of stops each truck can service
  in a day
• tons per route goes up by about 20
• disposal costs decrease drastically for solid
  waste
• Cost per ton collected goes down 15-20

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How to increase participation?

• Wheeled Bins
• Simplicity (Single-stream)
• Education
• Pay-as-you-throw
• RecycleBank

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How RecycleBank works?
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How RecycleBank Drives Up Participation Rates
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How RecycleBank Drives Up Participation Rates

• Easy to Use Carts
• Simple Instructions
• Easy to direct resources to known low
  participation areas
• Incentive Structure
• Great Rewards

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How RecycleBank Drives Up Participation Rates

• Easy to Use Carts
• Simple Instructions
• Easy to direct resources to known low
  participation areas
• Incentive Structure
• Great Rewards

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How RecycleBank Drives Up Participation Rates

• Easy to Use Carts
• Simple Instructions
• Easy to direct resources to known low
  participation areas
• Incentive Structure
• Great Rewards

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How Single Stream Drives Up House-Hold
Penetration Rates

• Single-Stream Recycling
• Large Bins
• Education
• Broad List of Acceptable Materials

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How Single Stream Drives Up House-Hold
Penetration Rates

• Single-Stream Recycling
• Large Bins
• Education
• Broad List of Acceptable Materials

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Converting Connecticut to Single-Stream

• A variety of perspectives on Single-Stream.
• 1. Collection
• 2. Processing
• 3. Material Marketing

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Key Challenges

• Cross ContaminationBale Quality
• Residue Rates
• High Volumes
• Slower Processing Rates
• Higher Equipment Costs
• Higher Variable Operating Costs
• Higher Maintenance Costs

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How FCR turns the Challenges into Opportunities

• Cross Contamination
• Extra Quality Control, Automation, Investment in
  Advanced Systems
• Residue Rates
• High recovery rate, System Design, QC Residue
  Belt
• High Volumes
• Design to handle forecasted throughputs
• Large Tip-Floors and High Throughput Balers
• Slower Processing Rates
• Limit bottlenecks in system design, high volume
  separation screens, parallel systems where
  necessary

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How FCR turns the Challenges into Opportunities
(Cont.)

• Higher Equipment Costs
• Long-term Deals, Higher Volumes, Automation to
  Reduce Variable Costs
• Higher Variable Operating Costs
• Efficient Staffing, Energy Efficient Motors,
  Flexible Staffing and Systems to Process
  Commercial or Dual Stream Separately
• Higher Maintenance Costs
• Take Glass out of the Stream Early to Limit Wear
  and Tear

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This is how recycling was processed
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Clearly we have come a long way
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We Used to have an Army of Workers Hand Sorting
PET
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Now we have 1 High Speed Optical PET Sorter
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Newspaper Sorting Used to Involve Lots of Picking
By Hand
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Now its Agitated and Sorted by Disc Screen and
Checked for Quality
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Carboard Used to be Pulled By Hand on Sort Lines
or the Tip Floor
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Now it is Removed Using OCC Screens
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OCC Ready for Baling
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We Pull Bags and Cables in Single Stream Pre-Sort
Stations
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So this doesnt happen to our disc screens and
they sort effectively
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We Use Roll Screens
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And Glass Breaking Screens to remove glass
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What to do with Recovered Glass is a challenge in
Dual Stream
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Even More of A Challenge in SS
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We are spending Millions of Dollars to turn this
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Into This
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Using Sophisticated Beneficiating and Glass
Sorting Equipment
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Converting Connecticut to Single-Stream

• A variety of perspectives on Single-Stream.
• 1. Collection
• 2. Processing
• 3. Material Marketing

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How we market single-stream material

• Focus on quality
• Long-term relationships with key domestic and
  international mills and manufacturers who expect
  a quality product
• Design our systems to produce a quality product
• Staff our systems to produce a quality product
• Check our bales before they go to the mills to
  make sure they meet our high quality standards.
• Provide our management team with cash incentives
  based on quality
• Try and source enough material to meet the large
  demand for our quality products.

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Are these Bales from Single Stream or Dual Stream?