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NATIVE MICHIGAN COPPER

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Title: NATIVE MICHIGAN COPPER


1
NATIVE MICHIGAN COPPER
  • by AL STIMAC

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Native Copper
  • One of the Few Metallic Elements to Occur in
    Uncombined Form as a Natural Mineral
  • Occurs rarely as Isometric Cubic and Octahedral
    Crystals
  • More Typically as Irregular Masses and Fracture
    Fillings

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PERSPECTIVE
  • Kennecott-Utah Copper Contains 0.5 to 0.8 Copper
  • One 350 Ton Truck with O.6 Copper yields 3 Tons
    of Copper
  • Michigan Copper is 2 to 100 Copper Depending on
    the Sample

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KEWEENAW PENINSULA
  • Northernmost point in Michigan
  • Premier Mining Location from 1840 to 1968
  • Calumet was the second largest city west of
    Appalachians after Chicago at turn of the century
  • At one time there was 1 stockbroker for every 26
    residents of Calumet and area

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Place Name Derivations
  • Keweenaw Indian for The Crossing Place
  • Calumet French for Pipe meaning Indian Peace
    Pipe
  • Laurium Mining City in Ancient Greece where
    Copper and Silver were Mined and Home of George
    Gipp and Al Stimac

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THE PROLIFIC KEWEENAW
  • 94.5 Cu Mined until 1929 came from a 3 mile by
    26 mile strip between Mohawk and Painesdale
  • Heyday was 1900-1918
  • Keweenaw District was Second Largest Producer of
    Copper in the World
  • - 8.2 Billion Pounds Copper Mined
  • - 325 Million in Dividends from 1845-today

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Early Exploration Was Fostered By Ontonogan
Boulder
  • Circa 1670 explorers were viewing the boulder
  • Ben Franklin Drew the Map of Settlement with
    Britain to Include Isle Royale
  • After Michigan became a State in 1840 Douglass
    Houghton Led the Survey to The Keweenaw
  • Legacy Short Lived - Drowned in 1845

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ONTONOGAN BOULDER 3708 POUNDS
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COPPER FORMATION IS CHEMICAL AND NOT VOLCANIC
  • Hydrothermal Venting with Copper in Solution
    which Precipitated on Cooling Forming
  • Float
  • Mass
  • Amygdaloid
  • Within other salts like calcite
  • Fused with other metals like silver (half breed)

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HALFBREED
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DATOLITE WAS CONSIDERED A WASTE PRODUCT
  • Porcelain-like Material
  • Ranged in Size from Tiny to 140 lbs
  • Calcium Boron Hydroxide Neosilicate Mineral
  • Coloration Due to Inclusion of Copper or
    associated minerals from hydrothermal
    precipitation
  • Caused Drills/Tools to Muck Up/Wear Out

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MENARD MASS 18 TONS
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QUICY MASS 16 TONS
QUINCY MASS 16 TONS
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LARGE MASSES WERE CUT UNDERGROUND
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Largest Mass Found in Minesota Mine in 1857
  • Estimated at 380 to 478 Metric Tons
  • 52 ft x 16 ft x 9 ft
  • 20 Men Took 15 Months to Blast, Hammer and Chisel
    it for Smelting
  • Chisel Chips Alone Weighed 24 Metric Tons and
    Paid for Half the Labor

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LATEST BOULDER FIND
  • Offshore 1991
  • Seventeen Tons
  • Removed in 2001
  • Destination Michigan Tech Mineral Museum at
    Quincy Steam Hoist

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  • Boulders

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19TH Century Mining
  • Early Mines were located near Lake Superior for
    Transportation Purposes
  • Significant Amounts of Lumber Were Required for
    Shoring Up Drifts
  • Trains Came Later
  • Mills and Smelters Followed
  • Mechanical Drilling Followed 3 Man Hand Chiseling

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Many Ethnic Groups Contributed to the Copper
Industry
  • Cornish Croatians Finns French
  • Irish Swedes Italians Norse
  • Germans Poles Slovenes Scots
  • There were up to Four or Five Churches of the
    Same Faith for the Different Ethnic Groups

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Cliff Mine
  • Operated from 1846 to 1856
  • 108K Investment Yielded 3.8M

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HORSEPOWER LITERALLY
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Modern Mining Methods Allowed Deep Shafts
  • Original Mines Tended to be Hill Sides/Shallow
    Pits
  • Steam Power Offered Means to Lower Man Trams and
    Raise Ore Trams
  • Typical Mine Depths Were 1 Mile Deep
  • Quincy was Deepest Mine at 9000 Feet

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Calumet Heclas Quincy Mine
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NORDBERG 2500 HP HOIST
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QUINCY MINE HOIST
  • 30 Foot Drum Held 10000 Feet 1-5/6 Inch Wire(27
    Tons)
  • Could Hoist 10 Ton Skips at 34 MPH
  • Largest of Its Type in the World

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MECHANICAL DRILL REPLACED TEAMS
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PREHISTORIC COPPER DEMAND
  • Evidence of Tribes from 10,000 Years ago
  • Lake Superior Tribes of 2600 BC to 1200BC
  • Most Likely mined 20 Million Pounds
  • Max Estimates mined 940 Million Pounds
  • Trading Power - Tools Jewelry Weapons
  • Cosmological Belief in the Manitou
  • Midwest New England- Georgia
  • Other

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CARBON DATING ISLE ROYALE
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  • HOPEWELL

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Copper Utensils and Kharma Were Drivers
  • Many artifacts have been found ranging from
    fishhooks and spears to pots, plates and jewelry
  • Copper pieces were Trading Power
  • Ritual Belief Led to Sacred Offerings to Manitou
  • Michigan Copper found from North to Midwest to
    New England/Southeast Atlantic

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WHERE WAS THIS OTHER MARKET DEMAND
  • One Mans Theory
  • - Pre Phoenician (Minoan/Cretan)
  • - Sea Faring Traders
  • - Alphabet Based on Guttural Sounds
  • - Religion with Monolithic Worship
  • -Flourished from roughly 3000BC to 1200BC

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MEGALITH TRACKS
  • Cyprus/Crete Sicily Corsica
  • Majorca Almeria Lisbon
  • Britany Stonehenge(3100-1100BC)
  • Belfast Hebrides/Orkneys Iceland
  • Greenland Labrador
  • New England Minnesota/Michigan

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SWEDISH DOLMEN
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SALEM NEW YORK DOLMEN
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MINNESOTA DOLMEN
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MICHIGAN DOLMEN
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The Ship Wreck of Ulu Burun
  • 14th Century B.C Ship Wreck Found off Coast of
    Turkey
  • 50 Feet Long with Wooden Hull and Planks Held
    with Mortis-and-Tenon Joints
  • Held 200 Copper Ingots weighing 60 Lbs Each
    (Equivalent to the Ancient Talent)

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Claims of Diffusionists Need to be Verified
  • To date X-Ray Crystallography has not shown
    American Copper as the Source in
    European/Mid-East Artifacts
  • DNA of Native Americans Needs Research to
    Establish Origins
  • More Research on Trade Goods That Might Have Been
    Used with Pre-Historic Miners

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COPPER - A QUESTION FOR THE ANCIENTS THE FUTURE
  • Plenty of Copper Left in the Copper Country
  • What Might the Natives Think About Open Pit
    Mining (National Park Status)
  • Go there Yourselves Experience the Environment,
    Copper Mine Tours, Mineral Museum
  • Stay Tuned to Copper Sourcing in Europe/Mid East

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • Mineralogical Record Volume 23 2 March-April
    1992 Michigan Copper Country
  • Matrix-A Journal of the History of Minerals
    Winter 2001-2002
  • Images of America Houghton County 1870-1920
  • Wonderful Power The Story of Ancient Copper
    Working in the Lake Superior Basin by Susan R.
    Martin 1995
  • The Hard Rock Mining Era in the Copper Country by
    Tauno Kilpela 1995
  • Calumet Copper Country Metropolis

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Bibliography continued
  • Miskawabik Red Metal (The Roles Played by
    Michigans Copper in Prehistoric America) by
    Halsey 1992
  • Boom Copper by Angus Murdoch 1943
  • Starnfers and Sojourners(A History of Michigans
    Keweenaw Peninsula) by Thurner 1994
  • Images of America Lake Superior Country 2002

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Bibliography continued
  • Cradle to Grave(Life Work, and Death at the Lake
    Superior Copper Mines) by Lankton 1991
  • Prehistoric Copper Mining in the Lake Superior
    Region by Drier Du Temple 2005
  • Ancient Mines of Kitchi-Gummi (Cyproit/Minoan
    Traders in North America) by Jewell 2004

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Bibliography continued
  • Michigan Copper The Untold Story by Rydholm 2006
  • Old Reliable an Illustrated History of the Quincy
    Mining Company Lankton Hyde
    1982
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