Volcanoes

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Volcanoes
By Rachelle Blackford
Contents
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Contents
What is a volcano?
Types of volcanoes
Parts of a volcano
Classifications of a volcano
Famous volcanoes
Quiz
Summary
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What is a volcano?

• Volcanoes are mountains.
• A volcano is a vent in the earth from which
  molten rock and gas erupt.
• The molten rock that erupts from the volcano
  (lava) forms a hill or mountain around the vent.

Mount St. Helens in 1980
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Types of volcanoes
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Types of Volcanoes
Shield Volcano
Cinder Cone Volcano
Dome Volcano
Parts of a volcano
Composite Volcano
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Shield Volcano

• These volcanoes have broad, gentle slopes.
• They are the largest volcanoes on earth that
  actually look like volcanoes.
• A shield volcano is almost exclusively basalt, a
  type of lava that is very fluid when erupted.

Types of volcanoes
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Cinder Cone Volcano

• They are mounds that are formed by streaming
  gases that carry lava into the atmosphere to form
  lava fountains.
• The longer the eruption, the higher the cone.

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Composite Volcano

• These volcanoes are also known as
  Strato-Volcanoes.
• They are constructed from multiple eruptions.
• These form from a cycle of quiet eruptions of
  fluid lava followed by explosive eruptions of
  viscous lava.
• They are the tallest and most explosive type of
  volcano made from alternating layers of both rock
  particles and lava.

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Dome Volcano

• A dome volcano has thick slow moving lava that
  forms cones shaped like steep domes.
• Landforms of this sort consist of steep domal
  mounds of lava so viscous that the lava piles up
  over its vent without flowing away.
• These volcanoes are the most dangerous.

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Parts of a Volcano
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Volcanoes are made of 3 parts

• There is a reservoir inside the earth filled with
  melted rock called magma.
• At the top of the reservoir is a chimney that the
  magma climbs through to the top.
• The cone is a large hole on top of the volcano.
  The magma and other volcanic material come out of
  the cone when the volcano erupts.

Classifications of a volcano
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Classifications of Volcanoes

• An active volcano is one that has erupted
  recently or might erupt soon.
• A dormant volcano or sleeping volcano is a
  volcano that has been quiet, for a long time, but
  still has signs it may erupt again.
• An extinct volcano is one that has not erupted
  for thousands of years.

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Famous Volcanoes
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Famous Volcanoes

• Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980.
• The eruption was as strong as 30,000 atomic
  bombs.
• When the volcano exploded, a huge area was ripped
  out from its sides and left a very big crater.
• The eruption lasted 9 hours.
• This was the most destructive volcano in the
  history of the United States
• Mount St. Helens is a strato volcano.

Mount St. Helens
More famous volcanoes
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Mt. Vesuvius
Mount Vesuvius is located in Italy and is an
extinct volcano. It erupted on August 24, 79
A.D. and 2,000 people died . There was no liquid
lava, only volcanic ash and volcanic bombs.
More famous volcanoes
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Mauna Loa

• This is the largest volcano in the world and is
  located in Hawaii.
• It is 30,000 feet above the ocean floor and is 60
  miles wide at its base.
• It has erupted 40 times in the last 150 years.

Quiz
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Quiz

• The type of volcano also known as a
  strato-volcano.

Composite Volcano
Dome Volcano
Shield Volcano
2. What is the type of volcano with dome-shapes
and formed by slow moving lava.
Cinder Cone Volcano
Dome Volcano
Composite Volcano
3.
3. What was the most destructive volcano in the
history of the United States.
Mt. Vesuvius
Mt. Lassen
Mount St. Helens
4. This type of volcano has broad, gentle slopes.
Shield Volcano
Composite Volcano
Cinder Cone Volcano
How to make an erupting Volcano
Contents
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How to make an erupting volcano!

• First you need to make the model. You can make
  it out of clay, paper mache, or salt dough. The
  salt dough is better.
• Mix together
• 6 cups of flour
• 2 cups of salt
• 4 tablespoons of cooking oil
• 2 cups of warm water
• Mix this up with your hands. If you think you
  need more water, add a little bit at a time.
  Make sure all the ingredients are mixed together
  good.
• You can add food coloring or you can paint it
  with poster paint once it dries.
• Get a box and cut it down to only 3 high. Line
  the box with aluminum foil and place it on an old
  cookie sheet. Be sure to cover your work area.
• Shape the salt dough around a small plastic soda
  bottle to make a mountain. The soda bottle acts
  as the chimney of the volcano.
• Let the dough dry thoroughly. You can put it in
  the oven at 200-250 degrees, but check it often.
  When the dough is dry, you can paint it to look
  like a mountain.
• Fill the bottle with warm water and red food
  coloring. Add 6 drops of liquid dishwashing
  detergent. With a funnel add 2 Tablespoons of
  baking soda. Then slowly add vinegar to the
  bottle. The liquid will foam and flow down the
  sides of the mountain.

Summary
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Summary

• There are four different types of volcanoes.
• Volcanoes are classified in three different ways.
• Volcanoes are different sizes and shapes.
• Volcanoes that are very high mountains usually
  have been formed by earlier eruptions.
• When the lava cools, it makes the mountain bigger
  and higher.

The End
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The End
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