HISTORY OF DATA PROCESSING

1
HISTORY OF DATA PROCESSING

• NEW TERM, OLD IDEA
• Manual (Caves - 1450)
• Mechanical (1450 - 1840s)
• Electromechanical (1840s - 1940)
• Electronic (1940 - Present)

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EVOLUTION

• Caves - 1964

REVOLUTION

• 1964 - Present

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MANUAL DATA PROCESSING

• Stones, notches, etc.
• Manipulation of numbers
• Yanamani
• Phoenecians
• Mayans
• Chinese - Abacus (2500 b.c.)

4
MANUAL DATA PROCESSING (CONT)

• Written records
• Babylonians - Stone Tablets (3500 b.c.)
• Phoenicians - Clay Tablets (2000 b.c.)

5
SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF NUMBERS

• Roman numerals
• MCMXVII ???
• LIX ???
• MCMXVII LIX ???

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SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF NUMBERS (cont)

• Hindu - Arabic numeral system
• Concept of 0
• ALGORITHM 12TH CENTURY

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MECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING1450-1840

• Guttenburg press - 1450
• Information Revolution
• Blaise Pascal
• Pascaline - 1642
• Add, Subtract, Carry 10s
• Gottfried von Leibniz
• Stepped reckoner - 1673
• Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide, Square Root
• Slide rule -1622

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HERMAN HOLLERITH

• The Census Machine
• 1880 Census - 7.5 years
• 1890 Census - 2.5 years
• Tabulating Machine Company
• Railroad Statistics

9
HOWARD AIKEN

• Mark I (1944)
• First (and last) large-scale electromechanical
  computer
• 750,000 parts
• 500 miles wire
• 3,000,000 electrical connections
• SLOW!!! 8 hours to do what ENIAC could do in 1
  minute

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Electronic Data Processing

• Charles Babbage
• British mathematician
• Difference Engine
• Analytical Engine
• all the functional parts of a modern computer
• store, mill, control, I/O (punched cards),
  self-sequencing

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Electronic Data Processing

• Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelace
• First Programmer
• Loop
• George Boole
• binary-valued logic (Boolean algebra)

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Inventor of 1st Electronic Digital Computer

• John Vincent Atanasoff

13
Electronic Data Processing

• John V Atanasoff
• Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC) 1939
• Mauchley Eckert
• ENIAC (1946)
• John von Neumann
• Binary
• Stored Program Concept

14
Early Electronic Computers and The Computer
Generations

• The First Generation (1951 to 1959)
• Rear Admiral Grace Hopper
• bug
• Machine language (machine specific)

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The Computer Generations(Continued)

• The Second Generation (1959 to 1963)
• Transistors
• Assembly language
• High-level languages
• Fortran
• COBOL

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The Computer Generations(Continued)

• The Third Generation (1963 to 1975)
• Silicon chip
• ANS COBOL guidelines published
• No Federal purchases w/o conforming compiler
• All Fed business to be written in COBOL
• Currently over 20 billion lines of COBOL code
  currently in use
• Used compiler, so transferable code

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The Computer Generations(Continued)

• The Fourth Generation (1975 to Today)
• VLSI
• Microprocessor
• (Altair, Apple, IBM)
• COBOL Standards 1974,1985,1997
• Legacy of R.Adm. Hopper
• Many object-oriented features in COBOL 97, but
  vast majority of programs are in COBOL 85, and
  likely to stay that way