Second AIACC Regional Workshop for Latin America and the Caribbean 24-27 August, 2004 Buenos Aires, Argentina

1
Second AIACC Regional Workshop for Latin America
and the Caribbean24-27 August, 2004 Buenos
Aires, Argentina

• Martha Perdomo
• UNFCCC secretariat
• mperdomo_at_unfccc.int

2
Outline

• Milestones of the Convention Process
• Status of submission of National Communications
• New Guidelines inclusion of adaptation issues
  in national communications/User-Manual prepared
  by the UNFCCC secretariat
• Funding for adaptation
• Special Climate Change Fund
• LDC Fund
• Adaptation Fund
• GEF special window for pilot adaptation measures
• Multilateral/Bilateral assistance
• Relevance of AIACC to second NCs

3

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Key steps in the development of the Convention

• 1992 - Adoption of the UNFCCC, a framework for
  action aimed at stabilizing atmospheric
  concentrations of greenhouse gases in order to
  avoid dangerous anthropogenic interference with
  the climate system
• 1994 - Entry into force of the UNFCCC
• 1995 - Berlin Mandate is adopted, launching a
  new round of negotiations on a protocol or other
  legal instrument.
• 1997- Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework
  Convention on Climate Change is adopted
• 1998 Buenos Aires Plan of Action is adopted,
  setting out a programme of work on the Kyoto
  Protocols details and the implementation of the
  Convention
• 2002 - Delhi Declaration on Climate Change and
  Sustainable Development is adopted reaffirming
  development and poverty eradication as overriding
  priorities in developing countries, and
  recognizing Parties common but differentiated
  responsibilities and national development
  priorities and circumstances in the
  implementation of UNFCCC commitments.

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Commitments under the UNFCCC

• All Parties, taking into account their common but
  differentiated (CBD) responsibilities and
  national circumstances should
• Prepare Inventories of GHG to be submitted to the
  COP
• Prepare and implement mitigation and adaptation
  measures
• Promote and cooperate on technology transfer
  matters
• Promote sustainable development
• Cooperate in preparing for adaptation and
  integrated planning

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Commitments under the UNFCCC

• (f) Undertake Impact assessment
• (g) Promote and cooperate on research and
  systematic observation
• (h) Exchange scientific, technological,
  technical, socio-economic and legal information
• (i) Promote and cooperate in education, training
  and public awareness
• (j) Communicate to the COP information on above
  elements in accordance with Article 12.1 of the
  Convention (national communications)

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AFRICA
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• Legend
• Parties that have already submitted their
  initial national communication
• Underlined Parties that have yet to submit their
  initial national communication
• Least developed countries

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Total NCs submitted 41 out of 52
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(No Transcript)
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PACIFIC ISLANDS
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• Legend
• Parties that have already submitted their
  initial national communication
• Underlined Parties that have yet to submit their
  initial national communication
• Least developed countries

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(No Transcript)
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OTHERS
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REP. OF MOLDOVA
SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
SAN MARINO
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
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GEORGIA
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ARMENIA
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AZERBAIJAN
?
? ALBANIA
MALTA
?

• Legend
• Parties that have already submitted their
  initial national communication
• Underlined Parties that have yet to submit their
  initial national communication

Total NCs sumitted 7 out of 10
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SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
GEORGIA
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
ALBANIA
AZERBAIJAN
ARMENIA
MOROCCO
IRAN
JORDAN
ALGERIA
BAHAMAS
EGYPT
?
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
CUBA
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
MAURITANIA
BELIZE
BARBADOS
BURKINA FASO
SUDAN
ST. LUCIA
SENEGAL
NICARAGUA
EL SALVADOR
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
BENIN
COSTA RICA
PANAMA
GHANA
NIGERIA
CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
CÔTE DIVOIRE
KENYA
CONGO
BURUNDI
UNITED REP. OF TANZANIA
SEYCHELLES
MALAWI
PERU
BOLIVIA
ZIMBABWE
MADAGASCAR
BOTSWANA
PARAGUAY

• Legend
• Parties that have already submitted their
  second national communication

SWAZILAND
SOUTH AFRICA
CHILE
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ARGENTINA
Highlighted - Parties that have started the
process of preparation of second national
communication
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KAZAKHSTAN
MONGOLIA
UZBEKISTAN
KYRGYZSTAN
TAJIKISTAN
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THAILAND
PHILIPPINES
CAMBODIA
MARSHALL ISLANDS
MALAYSIA
KIRIBATI
NAURU
TUVALU
SAMOA
VANUATU
NIUE
COOK ISLANDS
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Submission of national communications, by year
77
80
??
70
60
50
Number of national
40
communication
27
27
30
20
15
20
12
5
6
10
4
1
1
1
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Year of submission
As of 20 August 2004
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Guidelines for inclusion of adaptation issues in
national communications (COP Decision 17/CP.8)

• PART IV GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF STEPS TAKEN OR
  ENVISAGED TO IMPLEMENT THE CONVENTION
• Non-Annex I Parties SHALL provide information on
  programmes containing measures to facilitate
  adequate adaptation to climate change.
• NAI Parties SHOULD provide information on their
  vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate
  change, and on adaptation measures
• NAI Parties MAY use appropriate methodologies
  they consider better able to reflect their
  national situation.
• Non-Annex I Parties ARE ENCOURAGED to use
  appropriate methodologies for the evaluation of
  adaptation strategies and measures

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Guidelines for inclusion of adaptation..(cont.)R
eporting

• Scope of VA Assessment (a)
• Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to provide
  information on the scope of their vulnerability
  and adaptation assessment, including
  identification of vulnerable areas that are most
  critical
• Participation of stakeholders
• Sectors identified and studied
• Methods/approaches used, spatial/geographical
  boundaries and time horizons
• Description of exposure units agriculture,
  forests, water, health, ecosystems, human
  settlements, infrastructure, industry, energy,
  etc

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Guidelines for inclusion of adaptation.
(cont.)Reporting

• Description of approaches, methods and tools (b)
• Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to include a
  description of approaches, methodologies and
  tools used, including scenarios for the
  assessment of impacts of, and vulnerability and
  adaptation to climate change, as well as any
  uncertainties inherent in these methodologies

• General approach, framework and specific
  methodologies for analysis - e.g. IPCC
  guidelines, MAGICC-SCENGEN, PRECIS, downscaling,
  etc.
• Environmental and socio-economic scenarios
  i.e., climate is not the only factor
• Population characteristics and resources, food,
  housing, arable land and other development
  trajectories

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Guidelines for inclusion of adaptation
(cont.)Reporting
Key findings and integrating effects
(c)Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to
provide information on their vulnerability to the
impacts of, and their adaptation to, climate
change in key vulnerable areas. Information
should include key findings, and direct and
indirect effects arising from climate change,
allowing for an integrated analysis of the
countrys vulnerability to climate change

• Describe and quantify effects of climate change
  in key vulnerable areas/sectors
• Indirect and combined effects and socio-economic
  changes (integrated effects)
• Broad implications for the country as a whole
• Sectoral linkages and associated effects
• Emphasize and qualify the effects of climate
  change and their interactions with non-climatic
  changes

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Guidelines for inclusion of adaptation
(cont.)Reporting
Adaptation strategies and measures
(d)Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to
provide information on and, to the extent
possible, evaluation of, strategies and measures
for adapting to climate change, in key areas
including those which are of the highest priority

• Possibilities for responding to climate change
  effects and their interactions- no-regret options
  and other policies and development priorities
  (planning, economic development, land-use, etc)
• Specific adaptations to effects identified in the
  study
• Evaluation/prioritization (costs, practicability,
  environmental and cultural appropriateness)
• General policies with implications for
  adaptation
• Implementation of adaptation measures, pilot
  and/or demonstration adaptation projects.
• Needs for capacity building and institutional
  strengthening, public awareness, education, and
  information

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Guidelines for inclusion of adaptation.
(cont.)Reporting
Frameworks for adaptation (e)Where relevant,
Parties may report on the use of policy
frameworks, such as national adaptation
programmes, plans and policies for developing and
implementing adaptation strategies and measures.

• Frameworks such as adaptation policy framework
  and national adaptation programmes of action can
  assist in the identification of options,
  strategies and measures - e.g. design specific
  adaptation projects and mainstreaming adaptation
  into sustainable development
• Priority adaptation needs (most urgent)
• Barriers to and opportunities for adaptation
  (legal, institutional, financial, technological)
• Specific gaps and limitations socio-economic
  and baseline data, climate and sea-level change
  scenarios, direct and indirect effects and their
  interactions
• Appropriate adaptive options and capacity
  building needs

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Ejemplo de una matriz para presentar los impactos
y las opciones de vulnerabilidad y adaptación
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Ejemplo de una matriz para presentar los impactos
y las opciones de vulnerabilidad y adaptación
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User-Manual Reference material and web links

•   Methods and tools for vulnerability and
  adaptation assessments
•   
• IPCC Technical Guidelines for Assessing Climate
  Change Impacts and Adaptations (Carter, T.R.,
  M.L. Parry, H. Harasawa, S. Nishioka 1994)
• The UNEP Handbook on Methods for Climate Change
  Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies
  (Feenstra, J.F., I. Burton, J.B. Smith, R.S.J.
  Tol, 1998) (http//130.37.129.100/IVM/research/cli
  matechange/Handbook.htm)
• Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments An
  International Handbook on (Benioff, R., S. Guill,
  J. Lee, 1996) (http//www.neutrino.co.jp/abi_enst/
  0-7923-4140-6.PDF)
• An Adaptation Policy Framework Capacity Building
  for Stage II Adaptation (UNDP-GEF, 2000)
  (http//www.undp.org/cc/apf.htm)
• PRECIS (http//www.metoffice.com/research/hadleyce
  ntre/models/PRECIS.html)
• Toolkit for Vulnerability and Adaptation
  Assessment (T. Downing) (http//www.aiaccproject.o
  rg/resources/ele_lib_docs/Toolkit_VAA.pdf)
• Integrated modelling system for climate change
  impact and adaptation assessment (IGCI)
  (http//www.waikato.ac.nz/igci/modelling/modelling
  1.html)
• Disaster Vulnerability Assessment, Tools Website
  (http//www.unisdr.org/)
• Guidelines for the preparation of national
  adaptation programmes of action
  (http//unfccc.int/text/program/sd/ldc/documents/1
  3a04p7.pdf)
• Annotated guidelines for the preparation of
  national adaptation programmes of action
  (http//unfccc.int/text/program/sd/ldc/documents/a
  nnguide.pdf)
• Compedium on Methods and Tools to Evaluate
  Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate
  Change (2004) (http//unfccc.int/program/mis/meth/
  compendium.pdf)

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User-Manual Reference material and web links

• Baseline climatologies and climate change
  scenarios
• High-resolution Climate Grids Prepared by the
  Climatic Research Unit and the Tyndall Centre for
  Climate Change Research, University of East
  Anglia (http//www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg.htm)
  
• Baseline Climate Datasets and Outputs of General
  Circulation Models (GCMs) Provided by the IPCC
  Data Distribution Centre (http//ipcc-ddc.cru.uea.
  ac.uk)
• Guidelines on the Use of Scenario Data for
  Climate Impact and Adaptation Assessment (Carter,
  T.R., Parry, M. L., Harasawa, H., Nishioka, S.
  1999) (http//www.aiaccproject.org/resources/ele_l
  ib_docs/TGCIAguidance_99.pdf)
• MAGICC/SCENGEN (http//www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/ACACIA
  /publications/magicc.html)
• MAGICC/SCENGEN Workbook (M. Hulme et al., 2000)
  (http//www.aiaccproject.org/resources/ele_lib_doc
  s/magicc_scengen_workbook.pdf)
• Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM) A Decision
  Support Tool for Assessing Regiónal Climate
  Change Impacts (R. Wilby et al., 2001)
  (http//www.aiaccproject.org/resources/ele_lib_doc
  s/SDSM_manual.pdf)
• The IPCC Data Distribution Centre
  (http//ipcc-ddc.cru.uea.ac.uk/ipcc_ddc.html)
• Socio-Economic Scenarios
• Guidance Materials on Spataially Distributed
  Socio-economic Projections of Population and GDP
  per Unit Area (S.Gaffin,G. Yerman, A. Mellinger.
  CIESIN, 2002) (http//www.aiaccproject.
  Org/resources/ele-libdocs/GM/Gridded.pdf)

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Funds for adaptation (Marrakesh Accord)

• Special Climate Change Fund
• Voluntary, Convention fund
• LDC Fund
• Voluntary, Convention fund
• Adaptation Fund
• 2 share of CDM proceeds, Kyoto fund, will fund
  concrete measures

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Special Climate Change Fund
Decision 7/CP.7 paragraph 2

• Adaptation, in accordance with decision 5/CP.7
  para. 8
• Starting to implement adaptation activities
• Monitoring of diseases, vectors, forecasting
• Capacity building for planning, preparedness,
  management of disasters
• Strengthening of regional centers for rapid
  response to extreme weather events
• Technology Transfer, in accordance with decision
  4/CP.7
• Energy, transport, industry, agriculture,
  forestry and waste management
• Economic diversification in fossil-fuel
  dependent economies.

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Special Climate Change Fund
Decision 5/CP.9, para. 1

• Adaptation, top priority for funding
• technology transfer, also essential
• activities should be
• country-driven, cost-effective
• integrated into national sustainable- development
  and poverty-reduction strategies
• complementary to those funded by the LDC Fund and
  the CC focal area of the GEF Trust Fund
• SCCF to serve as a catalyst to leverage
  additional resources

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GEFs Support for Pilot Adaptation Measures

• COP 7 requested GEF to provide support for
  establishing pilot or demonstration projects to
  show how adaptation planning can be translated
  into projects, and integrated into national
  policies and SD planning
• The Delhi Declaration (COP 8) reflected growing
  Convention support for efforts to identify and
  avoid the adverse impacts of CC
• In response, GEF has included a new strategic
  priority, Piloting an Operational Approach to
  Adaptation, (SPA) in- its Business Plan -
  2005-2007 (50 million)
• COP 9 requested GEF to operationalize ASAP.
• GEF Council approved the operational guidelines
  (May 2004)
• The SPA is operational since 1 July 2004

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Funding and technical support for Adaptation
Adaptation Projects
SGP
Adaptation Fund
Special Climate Change Fund
LDC Fund
GEF Trust Fund
Capacity Building
Existing Operational Programs in all Focal Areas
(incremental cost)
Climate Change Focal Area Enabling Activity
Source - GEF
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Yellow Ongoing
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Yellow Ongoing
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Relevance of AIACC to the second national
communication process

• To provide further understanding of the impacts
  of climate change
• To introduce new approaches/methods/tools
• To enhance the linkages between scientists and
  policy makers
• To highlight the vulnerabilities of developing
  countries
• To analyze the best options for adaptation
• To build capacity