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CMMI Overview

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Title: CMMI Overview


1
???CMMI Overview
  • ?????? ???
  • ??????? ?

2
Table of Contents
  • ???????
  • CMMI ?????
  • CMMI ???
  • ???????
  • QA

3
???????
4
What Is a Process?
  • A process (?? or ??) is a set of practices ( or a
    sequence of actions) performed for a given
    purpose.
  • Integrating people, procedures methods, and
    tools together.
  • Example?

5
Defining a Process
  • A mature process is documented with process
    notations, e.g., data flow diagrams, activity
    diagrams, check lists, flowchart.
  • Activity details
  • Purpose, participants, inputs, entry criteria,
    work products, outputs, exit criteria,
    performance measure, sub-practices, and work
    items.

6
What Is a Software Process?
  • A software process is a set of activities,
    methods, practices, tools, and transformations
    that people employ to develop and maintain
    software.
  • The associated products include project plans,
    design documents, code, test cases, user manuals,

7
What Is a Process Model?
  • A process model is
  • a common set of process requirements, capturing
    best practices, practical knowledge to guide
    priorities.
  • a structured collection of elements that describe
    characteristics of effective processes.
  • A process model is used
  • as a guide to modify or create processes using
    practices that have been proven to increase
    process capability.
  • to assess process capability for two purposes
  • Establish a baseline for improvement.
  • Measure progress as improvement activities
    proceed.

8
Modeling the Software Process
  • Decomposing the software process, it can be
    viewed as a set of defect injection and defect
    removal activities.

9
Defect Estimating
10
Benefits of ProcessImprovement
  • Process improvement is aimed at increasing the
    capability of work processes.
  • Process capability the inherent ability of a
    process to produce planned results.
  • As process capability increases,
  • it becomes predictable and measurable.
  • major causes of poor quality and productivity are
    controlled or eliminated.

11
Model-Based Process Improvement
  • Process improvement (????) cycle
  • Management commitment and an assessment.
  • The findings from assessment to feed action
    plans.
  • Plans complete, perform further assessments. The
    cycle continue.

12
A Process Improvement Approach by SEI IDEAL
Model
Learning
Analyze and Validate
Propose Future Actions
Implement Solution Refine Solution
  • Initiating

Charter Infrastructure
BuildSponsorship
Stimulus for Change
Set Context
Acting
Pilot/Test Solution Create Solution
Characterize Current and Desired States
Plan Actions
Develop Approach
Develop Recommendations
Diagnosing
Set Priorities
Establishing
13
A Process Improvement Approach by SEI IDEAL
Model (2)
  • Initiating
  • Set context, Build sponsorship, charter
    infrastructure
  • Diagnosing
  • Characterize current desired states, Develop
    recommendations
  • Establishing
  • Set priorities, Develop approach, Plan actions
  • Acting
  • Create solution, Pilot/test solution, Refine
    solution, Implement solution
  • Learning
  • Analyze and validate, propose future actions

14
CMMI ?????
15
CMM ? CMMI ???
  • Carnegie Mellon University USA DOD Supported
    Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
  • 1987
  • First CMM (Capability Maturity Model) published
    as a technical report
  • 1989
  • Book on the software maturity framework published
  • 1991
  • CMM V. 1.0 for software published
  • 1993/1994
  • CMM V. 1.1 for software published
  • PSP (Personal Software Process) developed by the
    SEI
  • 1995
  • New specialized CMM published by the SEI ,
    including CMMs for software acquisition
    (SA-CMM), system engineering (SE-CMM), integrated
    product development (IPD-CMM) and human resource
    management (People-CMM)

16
CMM ? CMMI ??? (2)
  • 1996
  • TSP (Team Software Process) developed by the SEI
  • 1997
  • New Quality Standards continue to emerge, such as
    EIA/IS 731, CMMI (Capability Maturity Model
    Integration) project by the USA DOD.
  • 12/2000
  • CMMI V. 1.02 Published (Translation of Chinese
    Version by III ???)
  • 12/2001
  • CMMI V. 1.1Pulblished
  • 2003
  • The SEI has announced - SEI will discontinue any
    support of CMM after December 2005.

17
A Proliferation of Models and Standards
18
CMMI???
  • Sponsored by the US Department of Defense (DOD)
    and National Defense Industrial Association
    (NDIA)
  • Collaborative endeavor, over 100 people involved
    from
  • Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
  • Government
  • Industry

19
The Three Source Modelsin CMMI
20
Numbers of Process Areas
21
Four Disciplines of CMMI
  • CMMI-SW/SE/IPPD/SS includes four disciplines
    Bodies of knowledge
  • System engineering
  • Software engineering
  • Integrated product and process development
  • Supplier sourcing

22
Four Disciplines of CMMI (2)
  • System engineering focus on transforming
    customers needs, expectations, and constraints
    into products and supporting these products
    through their life.
  • Software engineering focus on applying
    systematic, disciplined and quantifiable
    approaches to the development, operations, and
    maintenance of software.

23
Four Disciplines of CMMI (3)
  • Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD)
    is a systematic approach that achieves a timely
    collaboration of relevant stakeholders throughout
    the life of the product to satisfy customers
    needs, expectations, and requirements.
  • Must select one or more disciplines in addition
    to IPPD.
  • Supplier Sourcing covers the acquisition of
    products from suppliers.
  • Must select one or more disciplines in addition
    to SS.

24
CMMI ?????
  • CMMI ???????????
  • ????(maturity)?? Staged representation (????? )
    uses predefined sets of process areas to define
    an improvement path for an organization and is
    described by a model component called a maturity
    level.
  • ????(capability)?? Continuous Representation
    (?????) uses capability levels to characterize
    improvement relative to an individual process
    area.

25
CMMI ????? (2)
  • Staged representation (????? )
  • ML 1. Initial ??
  • ML 2. Managed ??
  • ML 3. Defined
  • ML 4. Quantitatively Managed ??
  • ML 5. Optimizing
  • Continuous representation (?????)
  • CL 0. Incomplete ??
  • CL 1. Performed ??
  • CL 2. Managed ??
  • CL 3. Defined ??
  • CL 4. Quantitatively Managed
  • CL 5. Optimizing.

ML Maturity Level
Capability Level
26
???????
???
???
Capability
Maturity
ML5
ML4
0 1 2 3 4 5
ML3
ML2
ML 1
PA
PA
PA
Organization
Process
27
???????
??
????
(5)
??
??
(measured)
?????
(4)
????
??
(standard)
??,
???
(3)
??
??
(planned and tracked)
???
(2)
??
??
(performed)
???
(1)
??? (0)
28
CMMI Maturity Levels
Staged Organization of 25 PAs
Level
Focus
1 ???
29
??????Model Components
30
??????Model Components
31
CMMI ?????
  • ARC, V1.0 Appraisal Requirements for CMMI
    Version 1.0
  • SCAMPI Method Standard CMMI Assessment Method
    for Process Improvement (SCAMPI) Method
    Definition Document (MDD)

32
CMMI ??????
33
????
  • ???????????????????
  • ?????????????(Baseline)?
  • ???????????????????
  • ?????????????????

34
????
  • ?? SACMPI reference model for CMMI?
  • ????????????
  • ?????????????
  • Focus the appraisal on the sponsors business
    goals.
  • Observe strict confidentiality and
    non-attribution of data.
  • Focus actions and decisions from appraisal
    results.

35
?????????Appraisal of Practice Implementation
  • ??????
  • ???? (Direct Artifacts)
  • ???? (Indirect Artifacts)
  • ?? (Affirmations)

36
???????
37
???????
38
?????
39
Organization Size
40
Number of CMMI Appraisal by Country
  • March 2005
  • Taiwan 13
  • China 34
  • Japan 77
  • India 70
  • USA 280
  • United Kingdom 25
  • Korea - 23
  • September 2005
  • Taiwan 18
  • China 62
  • Japan 100
  • India 104
  • USA 365
  • United Kingdom 29
  • Korea - 30

41
Move to the Higher Level
  • For organizations that began their CMM-based SPI
    effort in 1992 or later, the median time to move
    from
  • maturity level 1 to 2 is 22 months
  • maturity level 2 to 3 is 19 months
  • maturity level 3 to 4 is 25 months
  • maturity level 4 to 5 is 13 months

42
CMMI ???
43
CMMI ???
  • 1. Creativity vs. Process
  • Creativity is one of the important themes for
    National scale projects.
  • One common misperception is that process is
    somehow the enemy of creativity. This is wrong.
    Process is not the opposite of creativity it is
    the opposite of chaos.
  • Process creates discipline and repeatability by
    putting individual activities into a precise
    framework.
  • When organizations have process perspective,
    they can focus their creativity where it belongs
    in the content of their work rather than on the
    structure of their work.

44
CMMI ??? (2)
  • 2. Moving from ML 1 to ML 3 - Skip ML 2
  • At level 2, the focus is on projects.
  • At level 3, two additional generic practices are
    implemented by level 2 process area
  • GP3.1 Establish a Defined process
  • GP3.2 Collect Improvement Information
  • At level 3, the emphasis shifts to the
    organization.
  • Best practices are gathered by MA (a long period)
    across the organization (ML 2).
  • Processes are tailored as appropriate.
  • Engineering (RD, TS, PI, VER, VAL),
    Infrastructure (OPF, OPD, OT), Project (RSKM,
    IPM), Support (DAR)
  • The organization supports the projects by
    establishing
  • Common processes -Common processes does not
    necessarily mean one process. (Menu of Processes)
  • Common measurements
  • Training

45
CMMI ??? (3)
  • 3. Moving from ML 3 to ML 5 - Skip ML 4
  • ML4 Organizational Process Performance (OPP) and
    Quantitative Project Management (QPM)
  • GG 4 Institutionalize a Quantitatively Managed
    Process
  • GP 4.1 Establish Quantitative Objectives for the
    Process.
  • GP 4.2 Stabilize Subprocess Performance.
  • The process Performance Baselines include
  • Individual process elements (ex. Rest-case
    inspection element, ML 2 and ML 3 )
  • Sequence of connected processes
  • Processes that cover the entire life of the
    project (Req. Management)
  • Process for developing individual work products

46
CMMI ??? (4)
  • 4. CMMI for ODM/OEM (e.g., India)
  • Japan is the Model Better Quality,
    International Business,...
  • 5. Small Organization
  • CMMI fits in the Small Organization
  • Tailoring
  • Collaboration of Companies
  • See SEI Report Organization Size

47
CMMI ??? (5)
  • 6. CMMI Appraisals Status Misconception


Branch Achieved CMMI ML 2 Only
organization
Announce The Whole Company Achieved CMMI ML 2.
48
CMMI ??? (6)
  • 7. SCAMPI Practices Implementation Indicator
    (PII) e.g., Affirmations
  • It is not answers to a pre-defined questions.
  • How CMMI work was done in the Organization Unit
    (OU) rather than the correct answers to the CMMI
    questions.
  • CMMI Practices

49
CMMI ??? (7)
  • 8. Tools vs. ?? CMMI ??
  • Collect process requirements for support tools
    and investigate possible short-term and long-term
    tool solutions.
  • ??????????,????????,??????????????????????
  • Tools are neither a necessary conditions nor a
    sufficient conditions for ?? CMMI ???

50
For More Information about CMMI
  • SEI CMMI Web site
  • http//www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi
  • System Engineering Web Site
  • http//sepo.spawar.navy.mil/

51
???????
52
????????
  • ?????? ??? ???   
  • ?????? ?????/??? IDC???????????????????
    (Information Society Index),????????20,???????????
    ??????,?????????,??????????,????????????????,?????
    ???????????????

53
???????? (2)
  • Small Companies NO CM, QA, MA, Training,...
  • Information Service Companies 5385
  • Employee 500 6
  • Employee 100-499 63
  • Employee 100- 5316 (98.7)
  • Employee 5- 3393 (66.3)

54
??????????
System Integration Change Control Release
Control Version Control Maintenance
Planning Requirements Design Quality Assurance
Build
TAIWAN
USA
55
?? CMMI ????
????????????????????????????????????????????????,?
???????????,?????????? ?CMMI ?????????? ??????????
????????? CMMI???????????? ?????????????????,?????
?????CMMI??? ???????????????2003?1?,??????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
56
?? CMMI ???? (2)
  • ???????????????????????????????????????
  • ?????CMMI????,??????????????--
  • ?????????????????
  • 2007??? LEVEL-3???50?
  • 2008??? LEVEL-3???70??LEVEL-5???5?
  • 2008??????e?????????????,????CMMI Level-3??????

57
?? CMMI ???? (3)
  • ???????????????????????????????????????BEST??????
    ???


58
???? CMMI ?????
  • ??? CMMI Level 2 ????? --- 18
  • ???-??????? (2002.10.11) - ???????
  • ???? (2002.10.25) Reuters Ltd.??
  • ????-????? (2003.04.18) ??????????
  • ??????-K? (2003.09.04) ???????
  • ???? (2004.7.16) ???????
  • ????(2004.7.23) ???????
  • ????(2004.7.30) ???????
  • ?????? (2004.8.12) ??????????
  • ???????-IVAT (2004.10.20) ???????
  • ????(2004.11.26) ??????????

59
???? CMMI ????? (2)
  • ?????????????(2004.12.10) -??????????
  • ???-??????? (2004.12.10) TCS(TATA)??????
  • ?????????? (2004.12.27) - ??????????
  • ???-????????? (2004.12.20) - TCS(TATA)??????
  • ??????????????????????????? (2005.1)???????
  • ??????????(2005.7.21) - ??????????
  • ??????(2005.8)???????
  • ?????(2005.8) ???????
  • ?????? (2005.8) ???????
  • ?????????-GEIS (2005.9.16) ???????

60
???? CMMI ????? (3)
  • ??? CMMI Level 3 ????? --- 5
  • ???-??????? (2004.6.11) - ????? ??
  • ???? (2004.6.25) Trimentus Technologies? ???
  • ????
  • ???? (2005.11) - ??????
  • ????(2005.12.29) - ??????????

61
Government Source Selection and Contract Process
Monitoring Overview
(???????????????)
?? (??)
????????
?????
???????
????
???? ????? ???? ????
???????(Request for Proposals, RFP) ??, ??, ??
???? ??????
?????
  • Development
  • ??(Verification)
  • Progress Reviews
  • Milestone Reviews

???? ???
  • ??(Validation)
  • Acceptance Tests
  • ??

??
??? (??)
62
?????????
  • ???????(Request for Proposal, RFP) ????
  • ?????????????????
  • ????????????????
  • ?????? ???? (Government and Suppliers Both
    Failure)?

63
??
  • Establish Maintain Government Source Selection
    and Contract Process Monitoring
  • ???????? Light-Weight CMMI ??????????????
    (Real-Life Example NASA JPL Template)
  • ???????????CMMI ???
  • ??????????????? Light-Weight CMMI ??????????????
  • ?????????

64
?? (2)
2. Establish and Maintain Taiwan Software Profile.
Industry Projects
Raw Data
Models, Relationships, processes
Updated Requests
Project information
Academic Analysis Packaging
Academic Technical Support
Validated Data
Models, Relationships, analysis reports
65
?? (3)
3. ???? ????
CMMI Promotion BEST
Company 1
  • CMMI???? SEI SCAMPI
  • BEST
  • For Small Companies integrating
  • for CMMI Promotion

Company 2
.
Company N
66
?? (4)
  • 4. ?????,???????????CMMI???????????????
  • E.g. Promote Out-Sourcing Opportunity from USA
    to Taiwans CMMI??????
  • III, ITRI and Chunghwa Telecom. should provide
    the driving forces, e.g., any project 60
    outsourcing to industry
  • ????
  • Provide Products and Services Quality Control
    with CMMI Standard

67
???? CMMI Win-Win
?? ?? ?? ????
?? ????(Control Change) ????(Release
Control) ????(Version Control) ??
??
CMMI?????????????, ??????????????
68
Taiwan CMMI????
  • SPIN-Taiwan (CMMI?????)
  • http//www.cmmi.org.tw/
  • SPIN-Sournthren Taiwan (CMMI?????)
  • http//www.spin-stw.org.tw/
  • ????????(Light-Weight CMMI)
  • http//credit.csie.ncku.edu.tw/opensource/index.h
    tm
  • ????????????
  • http//www.csqa.org.tw/
  • ??????????
  • http//www.cisanet.org.tw/
  • ?????????????
  • http//www.itnet.org.tw/sinet/

69
QA
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