HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

1
Hydro Electric Power Plant
2
INTRODUCTION

• In hydroelectric power station potential and
  kinetic energy of stored water is converted into
  electric energy .
• For hydro power station factors like
  rainfall,steam flow available head and storage
  facilities are studied.
• 25 of electricity generation capacity in world
  is provided by hydel power plant.
• In the countries like Norvey 99 electricity is
  produced by hydelpowerplant.

3

• 4 of the total hydel energy potential in world
  is in India.
• In India 25.32 of total electricity generation
  capacity is produced by hydel power plant.
• As per rocords of March-2000 23,816 MW
  electricity was generated by hydel power plant.
• It is increasing day by day because of the
  institutes like National Hydro Power Corporation
  Limited(NHPCL).

4
(No Transcript)
5
PURPOSES OF MULTIPURPOSE HYDROPROJECT

• For irrigation of agricultural land.
• For navigation.
• For fisheries and tourism.
• For flood control.
• For civil water supply.
• For generation of electricity.

6
BASIC ELEMENTS OF HYDEL POWER PLANT

• Reservoir
• Dam
• Trace rack
• For bay
• Surge tank
• Penstock
• Spillway
• Turbine
• Powerhouse

7
CLASSIFICATION OF HYDEL POWER PLANT
8

• According to availability of water-
• a) Run of river plant without pondage
• b) Run-off river plant with pondage
• c) Storage plant
• d) Pump storage plant
• According to head -
• a) Low head plant
• b) Medium head plant
• c) High head plant
• According to load -
• a) Base load plant
• b) Peak load plant

9

• According to plant capacity-
• a) Microhydal plant (upto 5 MW )
• b) Medium capacity plant ( 5-100 MW )
• c) High capacity plant (100 MW )
• d) super plant ( above 100 MW )
• According to place of power house-
• a) Surface power house plant
• b) Under ground power house plant
• According to turbine specific speed-
• a) High specific speed plant
• b) Medium specific speed plant
• c) Low specific speed plant

10
WATER TURBINES USED IN HYDEL POWER PLANT

• PELTON TURBINE
• FRANCIS TURBINE
• KAPLAN TURBINE

11
PELTON WHEEL
12
KAPLAN TURBINE
13
ADVANTAGES OF HYDEL POWER PLANT

• This plant is free from pollution.
• Its operation and maintenance cost is less.
• It has no stand by losses.
• Unit cost of power is less.
• Hydraulic turbines can be started speedily.
• The plant has longer service life.
• No fuel is required.
• No change in efficiency with the age.

14
Disadvantages of hydel power plant

• Initial cost of dam and plant is high.
• The availability of power from it is not much
  reliable.
• Loss of forest creates environmental problems.
• Due to evaporation , considerable water is lost.
• Time required for construction of hydroproject is
  more.

15
AUXILIARIES ATTACHED WITH HYDEL POWER PLANT.

• (B)Mechanical instruments
• Shaft coupling,journal bearings,thrust bearings
• Lubricating oil system
• Cooling system
• Brake system for generator-turbine shaft

• (A)Electrical instruments
• Generator
• Exciter,transformers
• Switch gears
• Other instruments of control room

16
Overview of sardar sarovar

• PLACE- On Narmada river, Kevadia( Narmada
  district ) 100 km away from Baroda.
• DAM- Height-138.68m
• Length-1210 m concrete.
• Max.surface of river-140.21m
• RESERVOIR-378 square kms, lingth214km
• 
  width 16.1km
• 
  
• 
  

17

• TURBINE-
• (A) River head power house -
• -- 6 x 200 1200 MW capacity
• -- Reservoir Turbine, made in Japan.
• (B) For canal head power house-
• -- 5 x 50 250 MW capacity
• -- Kaplan turbines are used.

18
Water distribution in sardar sarovar
STATE DISTRIBUTION IN MILLION ACRE FOOT
Madhyapradesh 18.25
Gujarat 9.00
Maharashtra 0.25
Rajsthan 0.50
19
Overview of Hydroelectric project ukai

• PLACE - On the river Tapi, near Ukai, Surat.
• DAM - Lenth 868.83 m concrete dam.
• Height 68.58m
• 4057.96m dam of soil.
• RESERVOIR -
• 120 km length and average 5 km
  width.
• capacity 6.078 MAFT (million
  act fit)
• 
  

20

• SPILLWAY- Length1529m
• Width 259m
• Depth 18.29m
• PENSTOCK- Diameter 7.01m
• Thickness 18 to
  22mm
• Length 60 m
• TURBINE- Manufacturer BHEL
• Head 47.8rated.
• Power 75 MW

21
Lets see few of the International Hydel Power
Plant Dam
22
Arch Dam Monticello Dam impounds Putah Creek west
of Sacramento, California. The solid concrete
structure stands 93 m (304 ft) tall. The dams
arched upstream face transfers some of the
pressure from its reservoir, Lake Berryessa, onto
the walls of the canyon.
23
Kariba Arch Dam The Kariba Dam lies along the
border between Zambia and Zimbabwe. The facility
controls flooding and supplies hydroelectric
power to both countries. A public road traces the
rim of the dam, between reservoir Lake Kariba and
the drop to the Zambezi River. The distinct arch
shape distributes pressure evenly on the overall
structure of the dam.
24
G and P Corrigan/Robert Harding Picture
Library Hoover Dam The Hoover Dam is an
arch-gravity dam on the Colorado River. Its
reservoir, Lake Mead, lies between the states of
Arizona and Nevada. As an arch-gravity dam, it
depends on its shape and its own weight for
stability.
25
Lake Mead Lake Mead, a vast artificial lake,
straddles the border between Arizona and Nevada.
The lake was formed by the construction of the
Hoover Dam on the Colorado River. During wet
periods, it stores excess water until it is
needed. Lake Mead has also become a popular area
for boating and other recreational activities.
26

• Buttress dams fall into two basic categories
• Flat slab and
• Multiple arch.
• Flat slab buttress dams have a flat upstream
  face.
• These dams are sometimes called Ambursen dams in
  recognition of Nils Ambursen, the Norwegian-born
  American engineer who popularized them in the
  early 20th century.
• An example of a flat slab buttress dam is the
  Stony Gorge Dam, which crosses Stony Creek near
  Orland, California.
• It stands 42 m (139 ft) tall, stretches 264 m
  (868 ft) long, and contains 33,000 cubic meters
  (43,100 cubic yards) of concrete.
•         

27
Flat Slab Buttress Dam Lake Tahoe Dam impounds
the Truckee River in northern California. Like
all flat slab buttress dams, it has a flat slab
upstream face supported by a series of buttresses
on the downstream side. Lake Tahoe Dam measures
5.5 m (18 ft) tall and 33 m (109 ft) long. It was
completed in 1913 to raise the water level in
Lake Tahoe, a natural lake, to provide additional
water for crop irrigation. .
28

• Multiple arch buttress dams feature an upstream
  face formed by a series of arches.
• The arches rest on top of buttresses that extend
  down to the foundation.
• Bartlett Dam, on the Verde River near Phoenix,
  Arizona, is a multiple arch dam.
• It stands 94 m (309 ft) high, stretches 244 m
  (800 ft) long, and contains nearly 140,000 cubic
  meters (182,000 cubic yards) of concrete.

29
Multiple Arch Dam Bartlett Dam impounds the
Verde River northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. Like
all multiple arch dams, Bartlett Dam makes use of
a series of arches supported by buttresses to
withstand the pressure of the water in its
reservoir, Bartlett Lake. Each of the dams 10
concrete arches has a 7-m (24-ft) radius and
measures 2 m (7 ft) at the base and just 0.6 m (2
ft) at the crest. The thick base provides
additional strength at the bottom of the
reservoir, where the water pressure is most
intense.
30
Concrete Gravity Dam Shasta Dam impounds the
Sacramento River in northern California. Like all
concrete gravity dams, Shasta Dam holds back the
water in its reservoir, Shasta Lake, by the sheer
force of its weight. Built of solid concrete, the
massive structure rises 183 m (602 ft). It
measures 165 m (542 ft) at the base and just 9 m
(30 ft) at the crest. This shape, typical of
concrete gravity dams, counteracts the force of
the water pressing against the dam at the bottom
of the reservoir, where the pressure is most
intense.
31
Grand Dixence Dam With a height of 285
m (935 ft), the Grand Dixence Dam in the Swiss
Alps is one of the tallest dams in
the world. Waterpower generates the majority of
Switzerlands domestic electricity and is the
nations most important natural resource.
32
Raúl Leoni Hydroelectric Plant, Venezuela Located
on the Caroní River in Venezuela,the Raúl Leoni
hydroelectric plant provides electricity for the
entire country. The plant was built on the site
of a village called Guri and is named for a
Venezuelanpresident who served from 1964 to 1968.
33
Worlds Largest Dams By Power Generating Capacity
Rank Name of Dam Location Rated Capacity (Megawatts) Year of Completed
1 Itaipu Brazil/ Paraguay 12,600 1984
2 Guri Venezuela 10,300 1968
3 Grand Coulee United States 6,480 1942
4 Sayano-Shushensk Russia 6,400 1980
5 Krasnoyarsk Russia 6,000 1968
6 La Grande 2 Canada 5,328 1982
7 Churchill Falls Canada 5,225 1971
8 Bratsk Russia 4,500 1964
9 Ust-Ilim Russia 4,500 1974
10 Tucurui Brazil 4,245 1984
34
Worlds Largest Dams By Storage Capacity
Rank Name of Dam Country Storage Capacity Cubic Meters Year of Completed
1 Owen Falls Uganda 204,800 1954
2 Kariba Zimbabwe /Zambia 180,600 1959
3 Bratsk Russia 169,270 1964
4 Aswan High Egypt 168,900 1970
5 Akosombo Ghana 148,000 1965
6 Daniel Johnson Canada 141,852 1968
7 Guri (RaulLeoni) Venezuela 136,000 1986
8 Krasnoyarsk Russia 73,300 1967
9 W.A.C. Bennett Canada 70,309 1967
10 Zeya Russia 68,400 1978
35
Worlds Largest Dams By Height
Rank Name of Dam Country Height (m) Year of Completed
1 Rogun Tajikistan 335 1989
2 Nurek Tajikistan 300 1980
3 Grand Dixence Switzerland 285 1961
4 Inguri Georgia 272 1980
5 Boruca Costa Rica 267 1990
6 Vaiont Italy 262 1961
7 Chicoasen Mexico 261 1980
8 Manuel M. Torres Mexico 261 1981
9 Alvaro Obregon Mexico 260 1946
10 Mauvoisin Switzerland 250 1957