THE BRITISH ISLES

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THE BRITISH ISLES
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Travail réalisé par les élèves de 4G et 4H "
option Langue Civilisation "   année
2008-2009Merci particulièrement à Juliette,
Cécile, Fiona, Mélissa, Héléna, Marianne
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THE BRITISH ISLES

• One country ?

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ATLANTIC OCEAN
NORTH SEA
Scotland
Glasgow
Edinburgh
Northern Ireland
Belfast
Manchester
Republic Of Ireland
IRISH SEA
Dublin
Liverpool
Nottingham
Galway
England
Cambridge
Wales
Waterford
London
Cardiff
ST GEORGE CHANNEL
ENGLISH CHANNEL
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Manchester And Liverpool
Ireland
Galway
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What are the British Isles ?

• In the British Isles there are five countries
• - England
• - Wales
• - Scotland
• - Northern Ireland
• - The independent Republic of Ireland.

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What is Great Britain ?

• Great Britain or Britain is an island. It
  consists in
• - Scotland
• - Wales
• - England.

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What is the United Kingdom ?

• The United Kingdom consist in 4 countries
• England
• Scotland
• Wales
• Northern Ireland.
• The capital of UK is London but it is the
  capital of England too.

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The UK is situated in the north-west of Europe.
It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and the
North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100
square kilometres. From north to south it is
about 1,000 kilometres long. The UK comes
within 35 km of the northwest of France, and it
is separated by the English Channel.
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Rivers
Loch Ness
Ourse
Severn
Trent
Thames
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Mountains
Northwest Highlands
Grampians
Ben Nevis 1343 M
Southern Uplands

Londonderry
Pennines
Comeragh Moutains
Cambrian Mts
Cornwall
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The Royal coat of Arms of the UK

• The Royal Coat of Arms of the UK is the official
  coat of the British monarch, currently Queen
  Elizabeth II.
• In the middle there is a shield divided into 4
  parts.
• You can see the harp of Ireland on the left, and
  there are 3 lions above.
• On the left of the shield there is a lion with a
  crown. And on the right there is a unicorn,
  symbolizing Scotland.

The motto of the English monarchs is Dieu et mon
droit  The motto of the Order of the Garter is
 Honi soit qui mal y pense . Help Shield
bouclier Order of the garter ordre des
chevaliers britanniques. Motto devise Unicorn
licorne
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HISTORY
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What is the british National Anthem ?

• The national anthem is God save the Queen.
• The first verse
• God save our gracious Queen!
• Long live our noble Queen!
• God save the Queen!
• Send her victorious,
• Happy and glorious,
• Long to the reign over us,
• God save the Queen.
• The British National Anthem represents the whole
  of the UK. However, Wales and Scotland have other
  songs that they sing.
• Wales, - Hen Wlad Fy Nhadou
• Scotland, - Flower of Scotland and Scotland the
  Brave

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Together they all make the UK flag
The Union Jack is composed of 3 flags in one

• UK flag

This is the flag of Wales
The name of the red Dragon is Y Ddraig Goch in
celtic tradi- tions.
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TIMELINE
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The Roman Empire
The Romans were the first to invade Britain in 55
B.C. They came to Britain nearly 2000 years ago.
Hadrians wall was built in 2000 BC by the
Romans. It is in Scotland.
In 43 AD Julius Caesar, the famous emperor
tried to invade England in 55 BC but he didnt
manage to do it.
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The Saxons

The Vikings
The Vikings age in Britain began about 1,200
years ago, in the 8th century AD and lasted for
300 years. The Vikings had a lot of different
religions.
The Normans
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The Tudors
The Tudors were a Welsh-English family that ruled
England from 1485 to 1603. They ruled for 118
years. The first Tudor king was Henry Vll. He
was followed by his son, Henry Vlll. His son,
Edward VII ruled after him, followed by his
daughters Mary I and Elizabeth I. The
Victorians Victorian times means during
Victoria's reign. Britain managed to build a
huge empire during the Victorian period. In 1837
most people lived in villages and worked on the
land by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in
offices, shops and factories. During the 1800s
the Industrial Revolution spread throughout
Britain. Famous people
Henry Vll

Lord Shaftesbury Lewis Carrol
Charles Darwin Alexander Graham
Charles Dickens Bell
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FAMOUS BRITISH KINGS AND QUEENS
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WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

• William the Conqueror was born in 1027 and he
  died in 1087. He was known as "William the
  Bastard" (French Guillaume le Bâtard) because of
  the illegitimacy of his birth.
• He became Duke of Normandy in 1035 and invaded
  England in 1066, leading an army of Normans to
  victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold
  (who died in the conflict) at the Battle of
  Hastings.
• He was crowned King of England in Westminster
  Abbey in 1066. William is also referred to as
  "William I
• It was the Norman Conquest.

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• King Henry VIII
• Henry was born on June 28 1491. He was 17
  years old when he became king in 1509, after his
  father died.
• When he became king, most people belonged to
  the Catholic Church, which was headed by the
  Pope, in Rome.
• In 1534, Henry broke away from the Catholic
  Church because he wanted to get divorced and
  proclaimed himself head of the Church of England.

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King Edward VI Edward was born on 12 October
1537. He became king of England and Ireland on 28
January 1547 at the age of nine, when his father
died. His nickname was The Boy King . Edwards
reign was marked by economics problems. Edward
died at the age of 16 in 1553.

• Queen Elizabeth
• She was the Queen of England and Ireland.
  She was born on 7th of September 1553 and died on
  24 march 1603. She reigned from 1558 until her
  death. She was the fifth and last monarch of the
  Tudor dynasty. Her mother was Anne Boleyn and her
  father was Henry Vlll.

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Queen Victoria Victoria was born on 24 May 1819
and she became Queen of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland on 20 June 1837. Queen
Victoria was 18 when she came to the throne. Her
reign as Queen lasted 63 years and seven month.
Victorias reign was marked by a great expansion
of the British Empire by the Industrial
revolution, period economic and technological
change. She arranged marriages for her nine
children and forty-two grandchildren. Her
nickname was the grandmother of Europe . She
died the 22 January 1901.
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FAMOUS BRITISH PEOPLE
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400 years ago !!!

• William Shakespeare.
• He was the greatest British poet and playwright.
  He was born on 23 April 1564 in Stratford upon
  Avon and he died on 23 April 1616, at the age of
  52. He wrote Romeo and Juliet and 37 other famous
  histories, tragedies and comedies.

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In the 40s

• Winston Churchill was the British Prime Minister
  during World War II.
• He was a writer too.

In the 60s
The Beatles was and still is one of the most
famous British groups. They were famous in the
60s and had millions of fans in the world. Some
of their hits were Yesterday Yellow submarine
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In the 80s - 90s

• Lady Diana was Prince Charles first wife.
  They got married in 1981 and had two sons
  William and Harry. But they divorced a few years
  later and she died in a car crash in Paris in
  1997.
• She was very popular

Tony Blair was the British Prime minister for 10
years, from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007.
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POPULATION
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Population in Great
Britain. There are 60.2 million inhabitants
in Great Britain. Great Britain is the twentieth
most populated country in the world
50.4 million inhabitants in
England.
3 million inhabitants in
Wales.

5.1 million inhabitants
in Scotland.
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LONDON
London, Capital of England and the UK, is the
most populated city in the European Union, with
over 7 million residents. More than 250 languages
are spoken and there are lots of different
cultures. Britain and London became a mixed race
society because a lot of immigrants left the
former British colonies to find a job in Britain.
Population by ages in United Kingdom
All ages 58.8 million
Under 16 11.9 million
Men 16-64 Women 16-59 36.1 million
Men 65 Women 60 10.8 million
Males 28.6
Females 30.2 million
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Population density
More than 200 inhabitants/km²
From 100 to 200
From 50 to 100
Less than 50
City more than 5 million inhabitants  LONDON
From 1 to 5 million
From 200 000 to 1 million
New cities
Migration
England has the most important density and
Scotland has the smallest.
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WHO IS THE BRITISH QUEEN ?
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The British Royal Family

• The surname of the British Royal Family is
  Windsor.
• They changed their name from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to
  Windsor in 1917 .
• They are members of the Church of England and
  they live at Buckingham Palace.
• Members of family
• Queen Elizabeth II of England .
• Her husband is Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh .
• Her children are Prince Andrew, Duke of York -
  Prince Charles of Wales - Princess Royal Anne -
  Edward Earl of Wessex .
• She has got 8 grandchildren Prince William of
  Wales, Prince Harry of Wales Peter Phillips,
  Zara Phillips Princess Beatrice of York,
  Princess Eugenie of York Lady Louise Windsor,
  Viscount Servern.

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The British Royal Family Tree
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THE QUEEN'S ROLE
Commonwealth

• She is the head of the Commonwealth. Its an
  organization of former British colonies.
• Her role
• She can't create rules, she can't choose anything
  in economic and politic life of England.
• At Christmas, for her birthday and for Prince
  Phillips birthday, she talks to the British
  people on TV.

• Queen Elizabeth represents the British Islands in
  other countries.
• She is the head of England, Wales, Scotland and
  Northern Ireland.
• Only the queen can declare a war or stop it. The
  queen is the head of the army forces.
• Elizabeth II is the head of the Church of England.

Sometimes, the queen organises Royal Garden
parties. Its a big party because 8000 people are
invited
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Who runs the country ?
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How is Britain governed ?

• Today the Prime Minister is Gordon Brown.
  Traditionally the residence of the Prime Minister
  is at 10 Downing street in London.
• In Great Britain there are two major
  parties
• The Labour Party and the Conservative
  Party.
• Gordon Brown is the head of the Labour
  party.
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• Gordon Brown chooses a team of people in the
  parliament to run the country with him.

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The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy.
The Queens powers are limited. She reigns but
she does not govern.
The House of Commons and the House of
Lords meet in the House of Parliament near the
river Tames. The building is very large, and
beautiful there are more than a thousand rooms.

• In the House of Lords, there are 675 members and
  in the House of Commons there 659 members. 
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House of Lords
House of Commons.
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Religion in the British Isles

• There are lots of religions in the British Isles.
  The main religion is Christianism (72). The
  other religions are Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Jewish
  and Buddhists.
• 15 of the population dont have religion and
  1.4 have
• another religion.

         
buddhists
Muslim christianism
jewish
Hindu
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A BIT OF HISTORY

• In 1553, Henry VIII (the king) wanted to divorce
  because he wanted a son and the queen (his wife)
  couldnt have a child. He asked the Pope for the
  permission to divorce but the Pope refused. Henry
  VIII was very angry and created his own church,
  the Anglicans (protestants).
•  
•  
• In 1558, Elisabeth I changed the Anglican church
  back to christianism and this religion became the
  official religion of England.
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Religious holidays

• CHRISTIANISM 15 March St Patricks day.
• 23 April St Georges day.
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• MUSLIM 10 January Al Hijra (Islamic new
  year).
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• JEWISH 30 September Rosh Hashanah.
• 1 October New years day.
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• BUDDHIST 8 February New years day.
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• HINDU 3 September Ganeshs day
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ECONOMY
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Economy and industries in England

• The united kingdom is the fourth largest economic
  power in the world. The City is the most famous
  place in Europe
• English people trade all over the world because
  its easier with English language. They can
  export with farming lots of cereals, oilseed,
  potatoes and vegetables . Farming in England
  today is easy because machines are very
  sophisticated .With industry population goes to
  England
• Tourism is also very important to the British
  economy.

London is Europe's largest financial centre and
one of the world's largest financial centres
alongside New York andTokyo
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WOULD YOU LIKE TO VISIT THE BRITISH ISLES ?
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How can you get to Great Britain?
To go to England, you can travel by train,
plane or ferry You can take a ferry in Calais,
Boulogne,St. Malo, Caen, Roscoff and Cherbourg
If you leave from Paris,Calais or Lille, You
can get the Eurostar to go to London and you will
arrive in St Pancras Station. It goes under the
Channel. You can take a plane from anywhere in
France.  
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Transports and shopping
In England, there are lots of means of transport.
You can travel by car on the motorways there
are 225,000 miles ( 326 km ) of roads. You can
take the bus, trains, taxis or walk !!! In
London, there are beautiful red double-deckers
but the quickest way to visit London is the
underground (The Tube). Shopping day, for
the British, is on Saturday. There are generally
shopping centres with lots of shops ( Marks et
Spencer, John Levis, house of Fraser, ). If you
visit London, dont forget to visit Harrodss.
Its very big and very beautiful, but very
expensive too !
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PUBS AND ACCOMODATIONS
What is a pub ? A pub is a small public house.
Pubs, for British, are a part of their lives.
There are the places where they can discuss and
meet new friends   You can sleep in a BB ( bed
and breakfast ). They are very comfortable
.    But for families, villages holidays are
also very well with swimming-pool, sports
centres,
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PLACES TO SEE
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Retour
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PALACES AND CASTLES

• St Jamess Palace

It was built between 1532 and 1540 by Henry VIII.
It became the official residence of the British
sovereign after the death of William III in
1837. This castle is in London.
Buckingham Palace
It was built in 1837 by the duke Buckingham for
his wife. This is the residence of the Queen.
Buckingham Palace is in London.
Balmoral Castle
It was built by William the Conqueror in
1080.This is the largest castle in the world.
This is the oldest royal home in Britain.
Balmoral Castle is in Scotland
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Windsor Castle

• It was built by William the Conqueror in
  1080.This is the largest castle in the world.
  This is the oldest royal home in Britain. It is
  in the South Est of England.
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TOWER OF LONDON
Retour
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_ This royal fortress was built by William the
Conqueror, following his successful invasion in
1066
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SAINT PAULS CATHEDRALE
Retour
The dome of St Paul's Cathedral is the second
biggest dome in the world.
The first St Paul's Cathedral was built in 604 AD
but burnt down in 675. The rebuilt cathedral was
again burnt down in the Great Fire of London in
1666.
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Retour
The British Museum is a museum of human history
and culture.
The museum illustrates the story of human culture
from its beginning to the present.
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THE PALACE OF WESTMINSTER
Retour
The Palace of Westminster, also known as the
houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace.
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CAMBRIDGE
Retour
KINGS COLLEGE
Henry VI founded Kings College in 1441. Its
situated in Cambridge.
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BLACKPOOL TOWER
Retour
Blackpool tower is an attraction for the
tourist. It looks much like the Eiffel tower.
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STONEHENGE
Retour
Stonehenge means suspended stones .
Stonehenge is the most famous prehistoric
monument in Britain. Its located near
Salisbury.  
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HADRIANS WALL
Retour
Hadrian Wall is a stone wall built by the Roman
Empire to prevent military raids on Roman
Britain by the Pictish tribes (ancient
inhabitants of Scotland ). Today, Its the most
popular tourist attraction in Northern England.