Acl Reconstruction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Acl Reconstruction

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The knee joint is a hinge joint formed by bones-femur tibia and patella and is held together by ligaments – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Acl Reconstruction


1
  ACL Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
2
Anatomy
  • The knee joint is a hinge joint formed by
    bones-femur tibia and patella and is held
    together by ligaments.
  • There are four ligaments and they are MCL
    (medial collateral), (LCL) lateral collateral,
    (ACL) anterior cruciate and (PCL) posterior
    cruciate ligament.

3
Anatomy
  • All these ligaments provide stability to the
    joint. The weight bearing surface of the knee is
    covered by articular cartilage
  • The medial meniscus and lateral meniscus between
    the cartilage surface of femur and tibia and they
    act as shock absorbers

4
Statistics
  • Most often anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of
    the knee is injured. It is estimated that about
    200,000 injuries occur annually and about 100,000
    ACL reconstruction surgeries are performed.
  • The incidence of ACL injuries is higher in people
    who participate in sports such as basketball,
    skiing, foot ball and soccer.

5
How does it occur?
  • .
  • About 70 occurs - non-contact mechanism
  • About 70 percent occurs due to direct contact
    with an object or a player

6
Does Physical Therapy help?
  • Proper rehabilitation and progressive physical
    therapy may help to restore the patients to pre-
    injury state.
  • A physical therapist may also educate the patient
    how to avoid future injuries.
  • Patients can avoid surgery however it may cause
    secondary injury to knee due to recurring
    instability episodes.

7
Who can avoid surgery?
  • Patients who have partial tear and do not have
    any instability symptoms
  • Patients who have complete tear and do not show
    any knee instability symptoms during low
    demanding sports, who are willing to give up high
    demanding sports.
  • Patients who do light manual work and who have a
    sedentary life style
  • Mostly children who have their growth plate still
    open
  •  

8
Physical Therapy Before Surgery
  • Physical therapy plays a crucial role in
    successful ACL surgery
  • Usually patients are sent to a physical
    therapist. The main goal of the therapy session
    is to attain the full range of motion. Patients
    who have stiff, swollen knee during surgery may
    have problems regaining motion post surgery. It
    takes 3 or more weeks to gain full range of
    motion after the initial injury. Braces are
    recommended during this time so that the injury
    may heal before the surgery

9
Physical Therapy After Surgery
  • After the surgery, precautions are taken to keep
    the wound dry and clean. Initially, physical
    therapy sessions emphasis on straightening knee
    and resorting quadriceps control.
  • Ice is used to reduce swelling and pain.
    Physician determines if crutches and post
    operative braces should be used.
  • The primary goal of physical therapy is to attain
    full range of motion as well as strengthening
    quadriceps and hamstring muscles while keeping
    swelling and pain under control.

10
Physical Therapy After Surgery
  • Once the patient attains full range of motion and
    strength, physical therapy session may
    concentrate on endurance and functional training.
  • Exercises which improve neuromuscular control are
    also included in regime to increase patients
    sense of balance and control.
  • The rehabilitation program after surgery may take
    up to 6 months depending on the circumstances.
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