Transpiration, Respiration, and Translocation

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Transpiration, Respiration, and Translocation

• Topic 2016, 2017, and 2018
• Matt Jakubik

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Transpiration

• Transpiration- loss of water vapor from the plant
• Water diffuses out of the plant from a 100
  concentration in leaves to an area of low
  concentration

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Transpiration

• Water exits the leaves through openings in the
  leaves through stomata

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Factors Affecting Transpiration

• Temperature
• Humidity
• Air Currents
• CO2
• Soil Water Availability

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Air Currents Affect Transpiration

• Wind removes water vapor that is in the area
  immediate to the plant.
• This removal of water vapor decreases the water
  potential of the air in that area.
• Since water moves from higher to lower potential
  areas, the decrease in potential increases the
  rate of transpiration

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Affects of CO2 on Transpiration

• If carbon dioxide concentration in the air
  increases, the plant will have its stomata open
  less.
• With the stomata open less, the amount of
  transpiration decreases.

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Soil Water Availability

• As soil water availability increases, the plant
  will have more excess water to move through the
  plant.
• Therefore, increasing water availability in the
  soil will increase the rate of transpiration.

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Transpiration

• 95 of water is lost through the stomata
• 3-5 is lost through the leaf cuticle
• A corn plant will transpire up to 4 quarts of
  water per day

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Respiration

• The plant breathing
• When
• At all times day and night
• Done for energy purposes

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Three Types of Respiration

• Aerobic Respiration- when oxygen is adequate
• Anaerobic Respiration- when oxygen is low
• Photorespiration- occurs only in chloroplasts
• Plants get no usable energy from it
• C4 plants very little photorespiration so plants
  can accumulate more dry matter

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Translocation

• Transports water in the xylem
• Transports food and minerals in the phloem

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http//www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT410/X
ylem/Xylem-1.htm
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Phloem Cells
Xylem Cells
http//www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/BOT410/X
ylem/Xylem-1.htm
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http//www2.cdepot.net/walser/worldofscience/Biol
ogy/Pictorial20Help/Botany/diagram_layers_conif.h
tm
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Translocation

• Source is the location where food is produced
  (photosynthesizing leaves or storage tissue)
• Sink is the location where all plant parts are
  unable to meet their own nutritional needs (roots
  and stems)

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Source
Sink
http//www.bit.net.au/peterrjo/plants.html
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Water Potential and Osmosis

• Osmosis is the diffusion of water across
  membrane.
• Water potential is the potential energy of water