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Earthquake Engineering

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Earthquake Engineering Diagonal Reinforcement Diagonal box beams are added to the upper and lower decks of the bridges Expansion Rockers allow the bridge expand and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Earthquake Engineering


1
EarthquakeEngineering
2
What is the Damage Quakes can cause?
3
Direct Effects
  • Ground failures
  • Vibration of soil
  • Fault rupture
  • Liquefaction
  • Ground lurching
  • Differential settlement
  • Lateral spreading

4
Indirect Effects
  • Tsunamis
  • Seiches
  • Landslides
  • Floods
  • Fires
  • Release of hazardous material

5
What is earthquake engineering?
6
Earthquake Engineering
  • It is a branch of engineering devoted to prevent
    earthquake hazards and its after effects

7
Why is there Earthquake Engineering?
  • Quakes demonstrated they destroy cities and
    people faster than Brandon can.

8
Basic Goals
  • To prevent non-structural damage, structural
    damage and collapsing of buildings in earthquakes

9
Quiz
  • What is earthquake engineering?
  • It is a branch of engineering devoted to prevent
    earthquake hazards and its after effects

10
Now do you want earthquake safe buildings?
11
Seismic Retrofit!
12
Seismic Retrofit brings older buildings/structures
up to more current seismic standards without
having to completely rebuild them.
13
Sliding
  • Old structures may not be strongly bolted into
    the foundation
  • Corrosion weakens attachments
  • These structures could be bolted to the
    foundation.

Weak Foundation
14
Shock Absorbers
  • A device for reducing the effect of a sudden
    shock by the dissipation of the earthquakes
    shock energy

15
Base IsolationAllows the ground to move while
the building remains in place.
  • This method allows a building to move

16
Isolation
  • Isolation pads are used to let the ground shake,
    but have the building not move

17
Dampers
  • Converts the energy of motion in a building into
    heat.
  • Are for buildings rigidly attached to the ground
    will protect from resonance vibrations.

18
Shear walls
  • Wall composed of braced panels
  • Flexible
  • Counters the effects of swaying on a structure

19
Reinforcement
  • Shorter buildings can resist seismic forces.
  • Instead of adding stories, expand the first floor
    of your home.

20
Slosh Tanks
  • Water in tank sloshes back and forth during an
    earthquake
  • Prevents resonance in buildings
  • Extra heat in building is absorbed

21
Tuned Mass Dampers
  • A device mounted in structures to prevent damage
    or outright structural failure by vibration.

22
Masonry
  • Stone veneer or cement
  • More resistant to earthquakes so crack easily
  • Use other lighter materials to replace

23
Reinforcement
  • Exterior concrete columns
  • Infill shear trusses
  • Massive exterior structure.
  • It is not beautiful but it works.

24
Quiz-y!
  • 2. What is seismic retrofitting?

25
Quiz-y!
  • 3. At what college are the dorms reinforced?
  • UC BERKELEY!!!

26
Time for SEISMIC DESIGN!
  • Everyone smile because its so exciting!

27
Traditional Seismic Design
  • Lower stories are stronger than upper stories,
    meaning it is more prevalent to reinforce taller
    buildings and higher stories.

28
Quiz-y!
  • 4. What is traditional seismic design?
  • Lower stories are stronger than upper stories,
    meaning it is more prevalent to reinforce taller
    buildings and higher stories.

29
Floor Diaphragm
  • Wooden building floors are made on joints to
    prevent beams from tipping.

30
Sliding Off Foundation
  • Older homes can be bolted to their foundation to
    prevent major damage in an earthquake.

31
BRIDGERetrofits
32
Hot Rivet Replacement
  • The rivet was replaced with a heat-treated
    high-strength locator bolt and nut

33
Lattice Beam Conversion
  • Beams were replaced with bolted steel plates.
    Also, face plates were added to the large
    diagonal beams

34
Diagonal Reinforcement
  • Diagonal box beams are added to the upper and
    lower decks of the bridges

35
Expansion Rockers
  • allow the bridge expand and contract with
    temperature changes

36
Bay Bridge Structure
  • During the October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta
    earthquake (7.1 on the Richter Scale). A 50-foot
    section of the bridge collapsed.

37
Bay Bridge Retrofit!
  • the strengthening of bents and columns on the
    east viaduct and the piers, bents, and trusses

38
Fill Overpass
  • Elevated roadways are built on sections of
    elevated earth supported with vertical columns

39
ROADS!
  • Soil is tested to see if it can hold weight, then
    asphalt is added

40
Cypress Freeway Viaduct Collapse
During the Loma Pieta Earthquake, the Cypress
Structure collapsed. This roadway was not
properly reinforced. After the quake the
structure was removed and a new roadway was
built.
41
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42
Overpasses
  • Pillars
  • Spiral steel girders support columns and prevent
    bending of steel rods in the highway

Construction of Pillars
43
  • Add size and weight to bridges footing
  • Anchor with metal rods (pilings)
  • Jacket of steel around column
  • Thick cables help hold together

Top Bridge Components Left Cable System
44
OMG! ItsUNDERWATER TUBES!
  • It makes you all giddy! ?

45
Underwater Tubes Safety
  • depend on soil conditions, the materials used,
    and the maximum predicted earthquake expected.

46
BART! yay!
  • BART trans-bay tube was constructed at the bottom
    of San Francisco Bay

47
What does BART have? ?
  • two inner tunnels
  • a central tunnel
  • an outer oval shell encompassing the three inner
    tubes

48
Quiz!
  • 5. _____ trans-bay tube was constructed at the
    bottom of San Francisco Bay.
  • BART! gasp!

49
THE END
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