Overexploitation

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Overexploitation
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Tropical Fish for Aquarium Trade
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Cactus Market
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Saguaro Cactus
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Consequences of Overexploitation

• Population Effects
• - Age
• - Sex
• - Genetic Structure
• 2. Ecosystem Effects

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Age Structure A fish in typical populationB
fish taken by fishing
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Sex Ratios The Fisher
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Genetic Structure Coho Salmon
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Ecosystem Structure Loss of Snags
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Loss of Keystone Species - Sea Otter with Sea
Urchin
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Loss of Keystone Species - Glyptodont
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Exotic Species
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Mrs. Black Horse, Cheyenne Nation, and dog travois
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Cracking From Chestnut Blight
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Exotic Species

• Conservation biologists typically call introduced
  species exotic species - species which live
  outside their natural range
• Botanists typically refer to exotic plants as
  alien species
• Other terms you may see include biological
  invaders, introduced species, invasive species,
  non-indigenous species

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How Do Exotic Species Get Dispersed?

• 1. Stowaways
• 2. Subsistence and Commerce
• Recreation
• Whimsy or aesthetics
• Science
• Biological Control

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Norway Rat as ship rat
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Earthworms and pre-exotic distribution
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Cars transport seeds via mud stuck to car
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Ballast Water Discharge
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Monterey Pine
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Blue Gum Eucalyptus
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Feral Pig - Florida
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Brown Trout
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Ring-necked Pheasant
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Chukar
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Red Deer New Zealand
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European Starling
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House Sparrow
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Multiflora Rose
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Tree of Heaven - Ailanthus
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Scotch Broom
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Walking Catfish
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Cherry Headed Conures in San Francisco
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Monk Parrots Chicago, Harold Washington Park
and Hyde Park
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Gypsy Moth
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Africanized Honey Bees
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Movement of Africanized Honey Bees
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Movement of Africanized Honey Bees
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Klamath Weed aka St. Johns Wort
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Chrysolina beetle
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Cactoblastis cactorum
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Prickly pear in Australia before control
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Prickly pear same location after control
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Red Fox - Australia