Kingdom Animalia - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Kingdom Animalia

Description:

Kingdom Animalia Complex Invertebrates Phylum Annelida, Arthropoda & Phylum Echinodermata Annelida Segmented worms Bilateral symmetry Tube shaped bodies Has a true ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:405
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 44
Provided by: abig6
Category:
Tags: animalia | kingdom

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Kingdom Animalia


1
Kingdom Animalia
2
General Characteristics
  • Eukaryotic
  • Multicellular
  • No cell walls
  • Move to find the following
  • Food
  • Shelter
  • Protection
  • Mates

3
General Characteristics (continued)
  • Heterotrophs eat other organisms for energy
  • Omnivore (plants animals)
  • Carnivore (animals only)
  • Herbivore (plants only)

4
General Characteristics (continued)
  • Digest their food because food must be broken
    down to fit inside the cells for metabolizing

5
Classification 9 major phyla
  • Porifera animals have holes throughout their
    body (Ex Sponges)
  • Cnidaria animals with soft bodies and
    cnidocytes stinging cells (Ex jellyfish,
    hydra, sea anemone, coral)
  • Platyhelminthes flat worms (Ex planarians,
    tapeworms)
  • Nematoda round worms (Ex heartworm,
    trichinella, pin worms)
  • Mollusca mollusks (Ex snails, slugs, clams,
    oysters, octopus, squid)
  • Annelida segmented worms (Ex earthworm
    leeches)
  • Arthropoda insects, crustaceans, arachnids
  • Echinodermata spiny skinned animals (Ex Sea
    star)
  • Chordata animals with a backbone Vertebrates

6
Origin of Invertebrates
  • Between 610 570 MYA (millions of years ago)
    First eukaryotic, MULTICELLULAR organisms
  • Most likely flat, plate-shaped organisms with
    soft bodies that absorbed nutrients from their
    water environments (possibly lived in symbiotic
    relationships with photosynthetic algae)
  • Bilateral symmetry and possible segmentation
  • Very little cell specialization or body
    organization

7
The Cambrian Period
  • Explosion of Animals
  • Began 544 MYA
  • Evolution of shells, skeletons, and other hard
    outer coverings
  • More specialized cells, tissue and the beginnings
    of organ systems
  • Body symmetry, segmentation, some of type of
    skeleton, anterior posterior ends and
    appendages for specific functions

8
Cladogram of Invertebrate Evolution
Phylum Chordata Chordates
Phylum Echinodermata Echinoderms
Phylum Annelida Annelids
Phylum Arthropoda Arthropods
Phylum Mollusca Mollusks
Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
Phylum Cnidaria Cnidarians
RadialSymmetry
Phylum Porifera Sponges
Deuterostome Development
Pseudocoelom
RadialSymmetry
Coelom
Protostome Development
Three Germ LayersBilateral Symmetry
Tissues
Multicellularity
Single-celled ancestor
9
Evolutionary Trends
  • Specialized Cells, Tissues Organs
  • PORIFERA CNIDARIA No tissues, organs nor organ
    systems just specialized cells
  • Germ Layers
  • Porifera (sponges) 0
  • Cnidaria (jellyfish, coral, sea anemone) 2
  • WORMS First Appearance of Organs Organ Systems
  • Germ Layers 3
  • Platyhelminthes (planarians tapeworms)
  • Nematoda (hookworm, heartworm, pinworm)
  • Annelida (earthworm leeches)
  • Mollusca (snails, slugs, clams, squid, octopus)
  • Arthropoda (insects, arachnids, centipedes,
    shrimp, lobster)
  • Echinodermata (sea star, sand dollar)
  • Chordata (vertebrates)
  • Body Symmetry
  • Asymmetry Porifera
  • Radial Cnidaria Echinodermata

10
Evolutionary Trends (continued)
  • Cephalization
  • Concentration of nerve cells at the anterior end
    of the animal
  • Evolved with bilateral symmetry
  • Began with GANGLIA in WORMS
  • Eventually, the evolution of the BRAIN starting
    in MOLLUSKS and ARTHROPODS
  • Coelom (BODY CAVITY) Formation
  • Evolved with the development of 3 germ layers
  • ACOELOMATES no body cavity
  • PORIFERA
  • CNIDARIA
  • PLATYHELMINTHES (flatworms)
  • PSEUDOCOELOMATES partial body cavity
  • NEMATODA (roundworms)
  • COELOMATES true body cavity
  • ANNELIDA
  • MOLLUSCA
  • ARTHROPODA
  • ECHINODERMATA

11
Body Plans
  • Asymmetry no definite shape (sponge)
  • Radial Symmetry circle body plan with a central
    point (sea star, jellyfish, sand dollar, hydra)
  • Bilateral Symmetry 2 sides of the body are
    arranged in the same way the 2 sides of the body
    are almost mirror images of each other (most
    animals have this type of symmetry)

12
Body Directions
  • Dorsal side backside of animal (darker)
  • Ventral side belly-side of animal
  • Lateral left and right side of the animal away
    from the midline
  • Medial- Toward the midline
  • Anterior end head end (cephalization
    concentration of nerve cells at the anterior end
    of the animal which results in the formation of a
    true brain)
  • Posterior end tail end

13
Early Development of Animals
  • Fertilized egg Zygote
  • Zygote ? Embryo
  • Embryo continues to divide to become a BLASTULA
    (hollow ball of cells)
  • The Blastula folds creating an opening called a
    BLASTOPORE called GASTRULATION
  • Blastopore leads to a tube which will become the
    following
  • Protostomes mouth- ex. earthworm
  • Deuterostomes anus- ex. echinoderms

14
Blastulation Gastrulation
15
Germ Layers
  • Endoderm (innermost germ layer) gives rise to
    the lining of the digestive respiratory tract
  • Mesoderm (middle germ layer) gives rise to
    muscles, circulatory, reproductive and excretory
    systems
  • Ectoderm (outermost germ layer) gives rise to
    sensory organs, nerves, integumentary system
    (skin, hair, nails, etc.)

16
Germ Layers
17
Porifera
  • Hollow tube body plan ACOELOMATE no coelom
  • Contains pores (holes) throughout body
  • No tissue, organs and organ systems
  • Live in water
  • Asymmetry
  • As adults sponges are SESSILE attach to one
    place do not move for the rest of its life
  • Filter feeders
  • Reproduce asexually and sexually HERMAPHRODITES
    (have both male female reproductive organs)
    external fertilization
  • Water goes into pores and out the OSCULUM
  • Ectoderm (outside) can be made of soft, flexible
    material called spongin or hard, spiky material
    called spicules

18
Porifera Chart
  • No Germ Layers
  • No cephalization
  • Acoelomate
  • Circulatory Diffusion
  • Digestive Filter Feeders
  • Nervous System None Produces Toxins
  • Excretory System- Diffusion
  • Reproductive Sexually/Internal Fertilization or
    Asexually via budding and gemmules
  • Respiratory System Diffusion
  • Movement Sessile as Adults

19
Cnidaria
  • Soft bodies
  • Tentacles with cnidocytes stinging cells
  • Inside each cnidocyte is a nematocyst coiled
    barbed stinger with poison
  • Cnidocytes are triggered by touch
  • Used to paralyze capture prey
  • Radial symmetry
  • Contain tissue
  • Acoelomates
  • Digestive cavity that breaks down food using
    enzymes
  • Mouth
  • No circulatory/respiratory systems
  • Simple nervous system called Nerve Net or Nerve
    Ring
  • 2 Body types Medusa (moves) Polyp (sessile)
  • Sexually reproduce hermaphrodites external
    fertilization

20
Classes of Cnidaria
  • Class Hydrozoa hydra, man of war
  • Class Scyphozoa jellyfish
  • Class Anthozoa sea anemone coral

21
Cnidocyte Being Triggered
22
Cnidarians Chart
  • Germ layers 2
  • Symmetry Radial
  • No Cephalization
  • Acoelomate
  • Circulatory Diffusion
  • Digestive/ Feeding 1 opening with gastrovascular
    cavity
  • Nervous specialized cells- simple system called
    nerve net
  • Excretory Diffusion
  • Reproductive sexually/ separate sexes/external
    fertilization- asexually via budding
  • Respiratory Diffusion
  • Movement Medusa (moves with current) or Polyp
    (sessile)

23
Worms
  • Invertebrates with soft bodies
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Tissue, organs, organ systems
  • 3 types
  • Flat
  • Round
  • Segmented

24
Platyhelminthes
  • Platy flat, helminthe worm
  • Free-living planarian
  • Parasites tapeworm
  • Has the first primitive excretory system called
    FLAME BULB CELLS removal of ammonia (urea
    higher forms of animals)
  • No circulatory/respiratory system get oxygen
    nutrients thru osmosis diffusion
  • Digestive system intestines for digesting food
  • Have one opening that serves as both mouth and
    anus
  • Sexually reproduction hermaphrodites internal
    fertilization
  • Can regenerate

25
Examples of FlatwormsTapeworms
26
Platyhelminthes Chart
  • Germ layers 3
  • Symmetry Bilateral
  • Cephalization Present
  • Acoelomate
  • Circulatory Diffusion- No internal transport
    system
  • Digestive/ Feeding 1 opening with digestive
    cavity and pharynx
  • Nervous ganglia groups of nerve cells and
    eyespots
  • Excretory Flame cells that remove excess water
    and metabolize waste (ammonia)
  • Reproductive sexually/hermaphrodites asexually
    via fission
  • Respiratory Diffusion
  • MovementTurbellians use cilia to move while
    parasitic worms rely on the host's circulation

27
Nematoda
  • Round worms
  • Largest phylum of worms (in number)
  • Some free-living, some parasitic
  • Live in soil, fresh salt water, animals
  • Has a tube within a tube body plan
  • Has a complete digestive tract with a separate
    mouth and anus (pseudocoelom)
  • No circulatory/respiratory system
  • Sexual reproduction internal fertilization

28
Examples
  • Hookworm
  • Ascaris (pinworm-live in the intestine of its
    hosts)
  • Trichinella (found in the muscles of pigs)
  • Filarial Worms (live in blood lymph vessels of
    birds and mammals)
  • Heartworm

29
PARASITIC ROUNDWORMS
30
Nematoda Chart
  • Germ layers 3
  • Symmetry Bilateral
  • Cephalization Present
  • Pseudocoelomate
  • Circulatory Diffusion- No internal transport
    system
  • Digestive/ Feeding 2 openings- complete
  • Nervous simple nervous system and several
    ganglia
  • Excretory diffusion
  • Reproductive sexually/individual sexes/internal
    fertilization
  • Respiratory Diffusion
  • Movementundulatory nematodes are poor swimmers
    and usually require contact with a substrate to
    move.

31
Mollusca
  • Soft-bodied invertebrates that usually have
    shells (valves)
  • Live on land, fresh salt water
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Has a true coelom cavity where all the organs
    are held
  • Common body parts
  • Mantle thin tissue that covers soft body
  • Mantle cavity where the gills are located
  • Visceral mass coelom (gut) where all the organs
    are held
  • Foot strong muscle used for movement
  • 1st group of animals to have a circulatory
    respiratory system (heart gills)
  • 2 types of circulatory systems CLOSED (vessels)
    OPEN (no vessels)

32
Classes of Mollusks
  • Univalves or Gastropods (snails, slugs)
  • Bivalves (clams, oysters, mussels, scallops
    adductor muscles of clams)
  • Cephalopods (octopus, squid) complex nervous
    system centralized with a true brain, closed
    circulatory system, stream-lined to move quickly,
    very smart

33
Mollusca Chart
  • Germ layers 3
  • Symmetry Bilateral
  • Cephalization Present
  • True Coelom
  • Circulatory Slow Moving- Open and Fast Moving-
    Closed
  • Digestive/ Feeding herbivores, omnivores,
    filter-feeders, detritivores, parasites/
    radula?tongue with teeth
  • Nervous bivalves simple nervous system
    (eyespots) and octopi?well developed brains and
    intelligent
  • Excretorynephridia remove ammonia
  • Reproductive sexually/internal or external
    fertilization
  • Respiratory Gills (aquatic) and Mantle cavity
    (terrestrial)
  • Movement muscular foot that it uses for movement
    or propulsion by pressing water from their
    pallial cavity, squids move backwards through the
    water like a rocket

34
Complex Invertebrates
  • Phylum Annelida, Arthropoda Phylum Echinodermata

35
Annelida
  • Segmented worms
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Tube shaped bodies
  • Has a true coelom
  • Ex earthworms leeches
  • Complete digestive system
  • No respiratory system (oxygen diffuses thru skin)
  • Nervous system pair of ganglia and a ventral
    nerve cord
  • Circulatory system 5 aortic arches that serve
    as the heart and a dorsal ventral blood vessel
    (closed)
  • Excretory system
  • Sexually reproduces hermaphrodites external
    fertilization

36
Annelida Chart
  • Germ layers 3
  • Symmetry Bilateral
  • Cephalization Present
  • True Coelom
  • Circulatory Closed/Dorsal and Ventral Blood
    Vessel
  • Digestive/ Feeding 2 openings- complete order
    mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard,
    intestine and anus
  • Nervous well developed, brain and several nerve
    cords, 2 or more sets of eyes, sensory tentacles,
    statocysts
  • Excretory nephridia
  • Reproductive sexually/individual sexes/external
    fertilization/ clitellum
  • Respiratory Gills (aquatic) and Diffusion across
    skin (terrestrial)
  • Movementvarious muscle groups and simple
    appendages. They use setae and parapodia for
    movement

37
Arthropods
  • Arthro joint Pod foot
  • All appendages are jointed
  • Largest phylum in the animal kingdom
  • Usually has 3 body sections
  • Head
  • Thorax
  • Abdomen

38
Arthropoda Chart
  • Germ layers 3
  • Symmetry Bilateral
  • Cephalization Present
  • True Coelom
  • Circulatory Open System
  • Digestive/ Feeding herbivore, carnivore and
    omnivore/mouthparts vary
  • Nervous well developed, brain and sense organs
    eyes, taste receptors
  • Excretory Malpighian Tubules/ Diffusion in
    aquatic arthropods
  • Reproductive sexually/individual sexes/internal
    (terrestrial) and internal or external (aquatic)
  • Respiratory Tracheal Tubes- Grasshoppers and
    Book Lungs- Spiders
  • Movement Jointed Appendages

39
Major Characteristics (continued)
  • Has an exoskeleton made of chitin which is shed
    when the arthropod grows process is called
    MOLTING
  • Has a coelom gut that holds all the organs
  • Have ALL the body systems
  • 5 classes
  • Arachnids
  • Centipedes
  • Millipedes
  • Crustaceans
  • Insects

40
Class Insecta
  • Able to fly
  • Have antennae
  • Compound eyes (multiple lenses)
  • Open circulatory system
  • Blood does not carry oxygen blood is clear
  • Respiratory system spiracles book lungs
  • Goes through Metamorphosis change in the body
    from the young to adult triggered by hormones

41
Metamorphosis
  • Complete 4 stages Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult
  • Incomplete 3 stages Egg, Nymph, Adult
  • Why go through this life cycle?!
  • Adults and young have different homes, food
    sources and predators, therefore, they will not
    compete increasing their chance of survival

42
Echinoderms
  • Echino spiny derm skin
  • Embryos develop like the embryo of vertebrates
    DEUTEROSTOMES
  • Internal skeleton (endoskeleton) made of calcium
    plates
  • Water vascular system with tube feet that carry
    out its body functions

43
Echinodermata Chart
  • Germ layers 3
  • Symmetry Radial
  • No Cephalization
  • Deuterostome- Only Invertebrate
  • Circulatory Water Vascular System
  • Digestive/ Feeding carnivores tube feet
  • Nervous no head/not well-developed/ nerve rings
    and radial nerves
  • Excretory Feces released through anus and
    ammonia through tube feet or skin gills
  • Reproductive sexually/individual sexes/external
  • Respiratory Tube feet/ water vascular system and
    skin gills
  • Movement The water vascular system of
    echinoderms is responsible for their movement and
    ability to clean to surfaces for long periods of
    time
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com