Title: Classical Era
1Classical Era
- Art and Music of the Enlightenment
2Classicism Defined
- The period of the ancient Greeks and Romans
- A standard (enduring)
- Genre of music
- Time period
1750-1820
3Music of the Classical Era
- Began death of Bach
- Ended Beethoven (mid-life)
4Classical Thinking
- Reason was supreme
- Sought the perfect society
- Enlightenment
- Beauty
- Rules were valuable
5Viennese Classical Style
Characteristics of the Viennese Style
? Dedication to form from Germany
? Strong melody from Italy
Vienna
6Music of the Classical Era
- Written for middle class
- Non-sophisticated Listener
- Simple and Melodic Themes
- Bach Fugue Mozart Eine Kleine
- Large Room
- Bach Air Beethoven 9th
- Movements have beginning, middle, end
- Bach Brandenburg Beethoven 5th
- Easier to play
- Bach Fugue Beethoven Für Elise
7- I write my music in order that the weary and
worn or the men burdened with affairs might enjoy
a few minutes of solace and refreshment. - Haydn
8Structure of Music
- Melody carried the interest
- Form still needed to give meaning
- Note power of the human voice
- Instrumental music uses strong melody as power
9- There can be no art without form.
- Igor Stravinsky
10Musical Objectives
- Explore major-minor system
- Develop homophonic system
- Focus on simple melody
- Chords and cadences
- Large structures
- Cultivate human voice
- Explore new instruments
11Music and Literary Analogy
- Musical notes
- Musical phrases
- Musical themes
- Musical movements
- Symphonies
- Letters
- Words
- Sentences
- Chapters or short stories
- Books
12Forms of Movements
- Theme and Variation
- Rondo
- Minuet and Trio
- Sonata-allegro form
13Sonata-Allegro Form
Mozart 40th Symphony, 4th Movement
1st Theme
2nd Theme
Development
Recap
Modulating Bridge
14Sonata-Allegro Form
15Sonata-Allegro Form
16Forms of Entire Works
- Concerto (expanded)
- Symphony
17Joseph Haydn
- Father figure to Mozart and Beethoven
- Worked for Prince Esterhazy
- Father of the symphony
- 88, 4th Movement
- Included jokes in his symphonies
- Wrote in most genres
- Freely gave time and advice
- Relationship with Mozart
18- My prince was always satisfied with my works.
I not only had the encouragement of constant
approval, but as conductor of an orchestra, I
could make experiments, observe what produced an
effect and what weakened it, and was thus in a
position to improve, alter, make additions, or
omissions and be as bold as I pleased. I was cut
off from the world. There was no one to confuse
or torment me. I was forced to become original. - Haydn
19Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Began composing before age 5
- Life of depression and creativity
- In Salzburg
- Court composer
- Vienna
- Salieri
- Friendship with Haydn
- Struggle for money
20- My pay is too much for what I do, too little
for what I could do. -
- Mozart
21Mozart
- Able to hear complete pieces in his head
- Capability for output
- 10 years
- 8 Symphonies
- 17 Piano Concertos
- 6 Operas
- Clarinet quartet and quintet
- Requiem Mass
- 11 String Quartets
- 5 String Quintets
- Many Individual Works
22- Though it be long, the work is complete and
finished in my mind. I take out of the bag of my
memory what has previously been collected into
it. For this reason the committing to paper is
done quickly enough. - Mozart
23- What a delight this is I cannot tell all this
producing takes place in a pleasing, lively
dream. - Mozart
24Mozarts Music
- Simple melodies
- Contrasting moods
- Rich orchestration
- Perfected the serenade
25Mozarts Music
- Favored the piano
- Concertos written for his performance
- Later symphonies considered his best
- Operas
- Marriage of Figaro Overture
26Ludwig van Beethoven
- Supported his family as a child
- Scholarship to Vienna
- Played for Mozart
- Made the piano popular
- Second scholarship to Vienna
- Taught by Haydn
27- I carry my thoughts within me long, often very
long before I write them down. As I know what I
want, the fundamental idea never deserts me. It
mounts, it grows in stature. I hear, I see the
picture in its whole extent standing all of a
piece before my spirit, and there remains for me
only the task of writing it down. -
- -Beethoven
28Beethovens Music
- 2 periods of composition
- Classical
- Minuet
- Romantic
- May have been caused by his oncoming deafness
- Sadness
- Moonlight Sonata
29- How humiliated I have felt if somebody standing
beside me heard the sound of a flute in the
distance and I heard nothing...It is impossible
for me to say to people, Speak louder, for I am
deaf. How would it be possible for me to admit
to a weakness of the one sense that should be
perfect to a higher degree in me than in theirs.
So forgive me if you see me draw back from your
company which I would so gladly share. I would
have ended my life. It was only my art that held
me back for it seemed impossible to leave the
world until I have brought forth all that is
within me. - Beethoven
30Beethoven Symphonies
- Supreme architect
- Tied all movements into a theme
- 5th
- Fate versus hope
31- I am resolved to rise superior to every
obstacle. With whom need I be afraid of
measuring my own strength? I will take Fate by
the throat. It shall not overcome me. O how
beautiful it is to be alivewould that I could
live a thousand times. -
- -Beethoven
32Beethoven Symphonies
33Classical Period Art
34Art in the 18th Century
- Baroque had been the style from 1600 to 1750
- Elaborate, impressive
- Show glory of church and/or state
- New direction was disputed
Baroque
Classical (Simpler)
Rococo (Sweeter, nature)
35Rococo
- Emphasis on ultra beauty and nature
- Less dramatic (more sweet) than Baroque
- Themes aimed at the wealthy class
- Lighter, frivolous
- Picnics, lovers, Greek gods
- Portraits
36Jean Antione Watteau
37François Boucher
Europa
38Jean-Honoré Fragonard
The Swing
39Thomas Gainsborough
Blue Boy
40Thomas Gainsborough
Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
41Sir Joshua Reynolds
Collina
42Sculpture
- Virtuosity
- Queirolo
- Release from Deception
43Architecture
44Architecture
- Cupids and gilded ornamentation
- The monastery church of our Lady Ettal,
Oberammergau
45Architecture
46Architecture
- Wieskirche, Bavaria
- (Altar)
47 48Architecture
49Art
- Rococo followed by Neoclassical
- American revolution
- Paintings
50Jacques Louis David
51Jacques Louis David
52Jacques Louis David
- Intervention of the Sabine Women
53Jacques Louis David
- Napoleon Crossing the Alps
54Jacques Louis David
Coronation of Napoleon
55Jacques Louis David
Napoleon in his study
56Sculpture and Architecture
- Horatio Greenough
- Washington
University of Virginia (Designer T. Jefferson)
57Architecture
- Recalled ancient classical
- U.S. Capital
- Monticello
58Classical Architecture and Music
59Thank You
60Music of the Classical Era
- Characteristics (Vienese style)
- Dedication to form
- From the Germans
- Strong melody
- From the Italians
- Homophonic
Vienna