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Substance Abuse Prevention Across the Lifespan

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Substance Abuse Prevention Across the Lifespan * * * * * * Use: The ingestion of alcohol or other drugs without experiencing consequences. Misuse: When a person ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Substance Abuse Prevention Across the Lifespan


1
Substance Abuse Prevention Across the Lifespan
2
Lets Get Acquainted
3
Prevention
  • What is your definition of prevention?

4
Prevention
  • The role of prevention is to create healthy
    communities in which people have a quality of
    life
  • Healthy environments at work and in school
  • Supportive communities and neighborhoods
  • Connections with families and friends
  • Drug and crime-free

Source SAMHSA/CSAP
5
Prevention Definition
  • Prevention is a proactive process that empowers
    individuals and systems to meet the challenges of
    life events and transitions by creating and
    reinforcing conditions that promote healthy
    behaviors and lifestyles

Source SAMHSA/CSAP
6
Prevention Definition (cont.)
  • The goal of substance abuse prevention is the
    fostering of a climate in which (a) alcohol use
    is acceptable only for those of legal age and
    only when the risk of adverse consequences is
    minimal (b) prescription and over-the-counter
    drugs are used only for the purposes for which
    they were intended (c) other abusable
    substances, e.g. aerosols, are used only for
    their intended purposes and (d) illegal drugs
    and tobacco are not used at all

Source SAMHSA/CSAP
7
SAMHSAs SPF
Source SAMHSA/CSAP
8
SAMHSAs Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF)
  • The Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF) outlines
    a five-step planning process designed to draw
    resources from multiple sources to create a
    community-based approach to substance abuse
    prevention that cuts across existing programs and
    systems.

Source SAMHSA/CSAP
9
SAMHSAs Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF)
Assessment Profile population needs, resources,
and readiness to address needs and gaps
Capacity Mobilize and/or build capacity to
address needs
Planning Develop a Comprehensive Strategic Plan
Implementation Implement evidence-based
prevention programs and activities
Evaluation Monitor, evaluate, sustain, and
improve or replace those that fail
Source SAMHSA/CSAP
10
Key Principles of the SPF
  1. Adheres to a public health model
  2. Utilizes data-driven decision making
  3. Emphasizes outcomes-based prevention

Source SAMHSA/CSAP
11
(No Transcript)
12
Public Health Focus for Strategic Planning in
Prevention
  • A public health approach focuses on change for
    entire populations and/or communities the goal
    is sustainable community level change
  • Population-based public health focuses efforts
    across the lifespan

13
Why Be Concerned About Health Across the Lifespan?
  • We need to understand the influence of social
    health determinants as predictors of population
    and individual health
  • Social determinants of health will influence
    health from early life

Contributed by Tania Garcia, CSAPs Northeast
CAPT March 06
14
It is commonly accepted that individuals are at
highest risk for substance use abuse at
transition points in their life and at key
stages across the lifespan cycle
15
The Lifespan Cycle
16
Brain Developmentand theImpact of ATODon the
Brain
17
Olny srmat poelpe can raed this. i cdnuolt
blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I
was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan
mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde
Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in waht oerdr the
ltteres in a wrod are, the olny iproamtnt tihng
is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rghit
pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can
sitll raed it whotuit a pboerlm. Tihs is bcuseae
the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by
istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Azanmig huh?
yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!
18
The Human Brain
Cortex
Limbic System
Brain Stem
19
Introducing the Human Brain
  • The brain stem controls basic functions
    critical to life
  • The limbic system contains the brains reward
    system in addition, it is responsible for our
    perception of other emotions, both positive and
    negative
  • The cerebral cortex divided into areas that
    control specific functions

Source Drugs, Brains and Behavior The Science
of Addiction, NIDA
20
Construction Ahead
judgment
emotion
motivation
physical coordination sensory processing
Pruning occurs in stages, from back of the brain
to the front
Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
21
Brain Development
  • Adolescence is a period of profound brain
    maturation
  • We thought brain development was complete by
    adolescence
  • We now know maturation is not complete until
    about age 24-25!!!

Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
22
Age 24-25
emotion
motivation
physical coordination sensory processing
judgment
23
Risk Factors
Biology/Genes
Environment
  • Chaotic home
  • Parents use attitudes
  • Peer influence
  • Community Attitudes
  • Poor school achievement
  • Genetics
  • Gender
  • Mental Disorders

DRUG
Brain Mechanisms
  • Early use
  • Availability
  • Cost
  • Route of administration
  • Effect of drug itself

Addiction
Source Drugs, Brains and Behavior The Science
of Addiction, NIDA
24
Alcohol and the Adolescent Brain
  • Stimulates release of dopamine and interferes
    with bodys own release of dopamine
  • Adolescents are LESS sensitive to the negative
    effects of acute alcohol intoxication
  • Adolescents can drink significantly more than
    adults before they experience the sedative
    effects of alcohol.
  • Impairs memory and learning at lower doses than
    adults who consume equal amounts

Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
25
Tobacco and the Adolescent Brain
  • Nicotine increases production of dopamine, so
    smokers feel good
  • Adolescents more likely to get addicted than
    adults, and get addicted quicker
  • If someone reaches 18 without using, odds are 1
    to 5 of never using
  • Tobacco Settlement acknowledged that companies
    targeted adolescents Hook them early or risk
    losing lifelong customer
  • Need 3000 new smokers every day to replace the
    ones who die or quit

26
What Are We Preventing?
  • Use
  • Misuse
  • Abuse
  • Addiction

Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
27
Institute of Medicine Continuum of Care
28
Prevention Classification
  • The Institute of Medicine (IOM-1994) classified
    prevention interventions into three categories
  • Universal preventive interventions
  • Selective preventive interventions
  • Indicated prevention interventions

29
Types of Prevention Interventions
Universal Activities designed to reach the
entire population, without regard to individual
risk factors and intended to reach a large
audience.
Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
30
Types of Prevention Interventions
Selective Strategies designed to target
subgroups of the general population that are
determined to be at risk for substance abuse.
Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
31
Types of Prevention Interventions
Indicated Designed to identify individuals who
are experiencing early signs of substance abuse
and other related problem behaviors and target
them with special programs. The individuals have
not reached the point where clinical diagnosis of
substance abuse can be made.
Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
32
ActivityUniversal, Selective or Indicated???
33
The Six CSAP Prevention Strategies
  • Information dissemination
  • Prevention education skills training
  • Alternative activities
  • Community-based process
  • Environmental/social policy
  • Problem identification and referral

Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
34
Information Dissemination
  • Providing info about nature extent of drug use,
    abuse, addiction and the effects on individuals,
    families communities
  • Providing info on available prevention programs
    services
  • Characterized by one-way communication

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
35
Prevention Education Skills Training
  • Involves two way communication and is based on
    interaction between the educator and the
    participants
  • Activities aim to affect critical life social
    skills

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
36
Alternative Activities
  • Goal is to have target populations participate
    in activities that are ATOD free
  • Assumption is that constructive healthy
    activities offset the attraction to drugs, or
    otherwise meet the needs usually filled by drugs
    then the target population would avoid using
    drugs

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
37
Community-Based Process
  • Aims to enhance the ability of the community to
    provide more effective prevention through
    interagency collaboration, coalition building
    networking

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
38
Environmental Approaches
  • Seeks to establish or change community
    standards, codes, attitudes thereby influencing
    the incidence and prevalence of substance abuse
    in the general population

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
39
Problem Identification Referral
  • Aims to identify those who have indulged in the
    illegal use of drugs in order to determine
    whether their behavior can be reversed through
    education or whether they need a referral for a
    chemical dependency assessment

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
40
The Six CSAP Prevention Strategies
  • Research has shown that the most effective
    prevention programs present a comprehensive
    approach that includes all or many of the CSAP
    strategies

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
41
Prevention Across the Lifespan
  • Group Activity
  • Divide participants into four lifespan
    workgroups pre-natal, young adult, adult and
    elderly
  • Groups will brainstorm and record appropriate
    prevention strategies for their assigned age
    population.
  • Share with larger group.

42
Prevention Across the Lifespan Strategies at
Various Stages of Life
Prenatal Young Adult Adult Elderly

NOTE Early Childhood/School Age and Adolescent
are the age populations traditionally served by
prevention programs, therefore our activity will
focus on the traditionally under-served
populations
43
Prevention Across the Lifespan
QUESTIONS ???
44
Rainbow Days, Inc.Training Serviceswww.rdikids.o
rg1.214.887.0726
  • Janet Mitchell
  • janetm_at_rdikids.org
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