Drawing and Painting

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Drawing and Painting

• Some Basic Fundamentals

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Introduction to Drawing Painting

• Drawing and painting are two important ways that
  artists give visible form to their ideas and
  feelings.
• They suggest daily experiences and observations.

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Introduction, Contd.

• Critics need to know vocabulary of media in order
  to express feelings of ideas judgments.

• Media (or mediums) are the tools that artists use
  to create works of art.

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Dry Media

• Dry Media Those that are applied dry and
  include pencil, charcoal, crayon, chalk, pastel,
  etc.

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Wet Media

• Wet Media Those media in which the coloring
  agent is suspended in a liquid and include ink,
  paints, etc.
• EX Van Gogh utilized wet media.

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A Definition of Drawing

• Drawing is the process of portraying an object,
  scene, or form of decorative or symbolic meaning
  through lines, shapes, values, and textures in
  one or more colors. This process involves moving
  a pointed instrument (pencil, etc. across a
  smooth surface, connecting lines in order to
  create shapes and other objects.

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A Few Things About Drawing

• The most fundamental of art everything bases
  from this!
• People of all ages draw small children with
  crayons and students doodlings in notebooks
  people make careers out of this!
• Prehistoric times hieroglyphics on walls serve
  as art and language.
• All drawings have a common purpose to give form
  to an idea and express the artists feelings
  about it.

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Examples

• In the 17th C. the Italian artist Guercino
  used drawings to capture strong religious
  feelings that dominated the time and place.
• Saint Jerome and the Angel

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Drawing Facts

• Only in recent times have drawings been thought
  of as a major art form.

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Using a Sketchbook

• Artists recognize the value of maintaining
  sketchbooks and portfolios (EX Jack in
  Titanic).
• These include practice sketches and observations
  of daily experiences.

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Sketchbook Trivia

• Leonardo da Vinci had everything down to water
  movement and mechanics of light.
• He had 5,000 pages total of sketches in his
  notebooks.
• Da Vinci had a fascination for inventions, human
  figures, and the inner functioning of the human
  body.

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Possible Self-Portrait
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Designs for a Flying Machine
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Painting

• One of the oldest and most important of the
  visual arts.
• An artist creates a painting by arranging the art
  elements on a flat surface in ways that are
  sometimes visually appealing, sometimes shocking
  or thought-provoking.
• Subjects depend on the time and place in which
  they live.

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Painting, Contd.

• Did you know that the oldest known paintings in
  the world are not of people, but of animals?
• Paintings were found thousands of years ago in
  caves throughout the world.

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Other Forms of 2-D Processes
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Printmaking Photography

• Printmaking Photography offer an artist the
  opportunity to create multiple images.
• In printmaking, the artist does this by
  repeatedly transferring an original design from
  one prepared surface to other surfaces.

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Printmaking Photography, Contd.

• In photography, black-and-white or color images
  are first obtained with the use of light rather
  than pencil, pen, or brush.
• Both printmaking and photography can then be
  reproduced to serve specific purposes one of
  these is to accurately portray people, objects,
  and events in newspapers, books, and magazines.

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Printmaking

• Relief Printing, Intaglio, Lithography, and
  Screen Printing

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Printmaking

• Printing was discovered long ago when someone
  realized that by pressing an inked surface of a
  raised design against another surface, a copy was
  made.
• Chinese artists were printing with carved wooden
  blocks over 1,000 years ago!
• Possible 1st uses repeated patterns on
  textiles, paper, and in order to create paper
  money.

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Printmaking, Contd.

• Printmaking did not develop in Europe until the
  15th century, in time to meet the growing demand
  for inexpensive religious pictures and playing
  cards.
• Later, used to provide illustrations for books
  with moveable type.
• This moveable type was invented by Johannes
  Gutenburg.
• Made it possible to create pages of books by
  using the same metal type over and over.

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Four Basic Printmaking Methods

• 1. Relief
• 2. Intaglio
• 3. Lithography
• 4. Screen Printing

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Relief Printing

• The image to be printed is raised from the
  background.
• 1st The artist cut away the sections of a
  surface not meant to hold ink.
• 2nd The remaining raised portion is then
  covered with ink and becomes the printing
  surface.
• 3rd Paper is laid upon it, pressure applied,
  and the ink is transferred to the paper.

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Relief, Contd.

• Printing with carved wooden blocks originated in
  China and spread to Japan where it became a
  highly developed art form.

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Intaglio

• The reverse of Relief printing.
• A process which ink is forced to fill lines cut
  into a metal surface. The term means cut into.
• Two methods etching and engraving
• Etching 1st A copper or zinc plate is first
  covered with a coating made of a mixture of
  beeswax, asphalt, and resin (ground).
• 2nd The artist uses a fine needle to draw an
  image through this protective coating.

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Etching, Contd.

• 3rd When the plate is placed in acid, it bites
  or etches the lines into the metal where the
  ground has been removed.
• 4th - The remaining ground is then removed, the
  plate inked, the unetched surface is cleaned, and
  damp paper is pressed onto the plate with a
  press.
• This forces the paper into the inked grooves,
  transferring the image.

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Night Shadows. Edward Hopper - 1921
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Engraving

• In an engraving, the lines are cut directly into
  the metal plate with a burin (engraving tool).
• The lines made in this way are more pronounced
  and clear than the fine lines produced by the
  etching process.
• When the prints have been made, you can actually
  feel the lines of raised ink on etchings and
  engravings.

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St Eustace c. 1501Engraving, 355 x 259 mmFogg
Art Museum, Cambridge
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Lithography

• There is a printing process based on the
  principle that grease and water do not mix.
• It is the printmaking method in which the image
  to be printed is drawn on limestone, zinc, or
  aluminum with a specialized greasy crayon.
• 1st When the drawing is completed, it is
  chemically treated with a nitric-acid solution.
  This makes the sections that have not been drawn
  on resistant to the printing ink.

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Lithography

• 2nd - The surface is dampened with water and then
  inked. The surface is dampened with water and
  then inked. The greasy printing ink sticks to
  the equally greasy crayoned areas but is repelled
  by the wet, blank areas.
• 3rd The surface is covered with paper and run
  through a press to transfer the image.

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Screen Printing

• More recent
• In screen printing paint is forced through a
  screen onto paper or fabric.
• 1st - A stencil is placed on a silk or synthetic
  (man-made) fabric screen stretched across a
  frame.
• 2nd The screen is placed on the printing
  surface, and squeegee is used to force the ink
  through the porous fabric in areas not covered by
  the stencil.
• A separate screen will need to be made if you are
  using more than one color.
• Serigraph A screen print that has been handmade
  by an artist.

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Ed Ruscha, American Standard Station, 1966 Color
screenprint
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Bob Howard
"Hawaiian Sunset" Serigraph- 28" x 22"
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Photography

• Appear everywhere newspapers, magazines, and
  books.
• A technique of capturing optical images on
  light-sensitive surfaces.
• Artists can create powerful images that teach
  others how to see, feel, and remember.

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Albert Stieglitz

• He used his talent and camera to place viewers on
  a bridge spanning a canal in Venice.
• The viewers can share a brief, magical moment in
  time with the photographer.
• He was married to Georgia OKeeffe.
• Works like this inspired other artists like Ansel
  Adams.

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Albert Stieglitz
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A Bit of Venice Albert Stieglitz 1894
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Ansel Adams

• Stieglitz urged Adams to continue where he was
  forced to leave off due to age and health.
• Adams responded with thousands of photographs
  that marked a career covering nearly a half a
  century.
• He photographed everything from the unsettling
  stillness of a New Mexico moonrise to the majesty
  of a Yosemite winter storm.

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The Photographer
Ansel Adams
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Clearing Winter Storm, Yosemite Valley - 1944
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Monolith, The Face Of Half Dome 1926
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Imogen Cunningham

• Her work combines a sensitivity for simple forms
  and a straightforward photographic technique.
• She works closely to her subjects.
• She was able to create an image that seems to
  pull viewers into it.

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Imogen became widely known for her portraits,
flower images, and nudes. She worked as a
photographer until her death at the age of
ninety-three in 1976.
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Several of her photographs were published by her
son after her death
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Man Ray

• Created immediate photographic images by placing
  objects directly onto the light-sensitive paper
  and exposing them to light.
• This was an innovation like no other in
  photography.
• This artist once dressed a crowd in white, set
  them dancing on a white dance floor, and
  projected movies on them.

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