Active Shooter Awareness

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Active Shooter Awareness

• Presented by Safety Counselling, Inc.
• 3207 Matthew Ave NE
• Albuquerque, NM 87107
• 505-881-1112 / 800-640-0724
• www.safetycounselling.com

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Topics of Discussion

• What is an Active Shooter
• Types of Active Shooters
• Historical examples
• How to prepare
• What to do when faced with
• Law Enforcement response
• Dispatchs role
• EMS response
• Techniques to reduce an escalating encounters and
  tips to avoid them
• PTSD,CISD, and the EAP

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Part One The Basics About Active Shooters
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Active Shooter Definition

• Active Shooter executes a random or systematic
  shooting spree
• The objective is mass murder rather than other
  criminal intent
• Difficult time for many people in these tough
  times

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The Active Shooters Intent

• Views the attack as attempting to correct a
  perceived wrong
• Usually has a hit list and will search victims
  out
• The Shooter often takes out targets of
  opportunity on the way

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An Active Shooter Expects To Die

• Not concerned with dying so has nothing to lose
• Moves throughout a building or area until either
• stopped by police
• commits suicide
• self
• suicide by cop
• stopped by others

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Types of Active Shooters

• This type of WPV can impact any industry or
  business 
• Increased media coverage on a long term problem
• Examples of Active Shooters have included
• angry customer
• patients family member
• mentally unstable individual
• disgruntled employee
• domestic violence spill over
• shooting(s) in the course of a robbery,
  especially a robbery gone bad but this is not our
  emphasis

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Lt. Dan Marcous5 Phases of the Active Shooter

• Fantasy stage
• Planning stage
• Preparation stage
• Approach stage
• Implementation

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Hunters versus Howlers

• Organizations are often responsive to a howler
  and either unaware or overly-rationalizing for a
  hunter
• Calhoun and Westons theory Howlers dont hunt
  and Hunters dont howl. When Howlers start to
  hunt, they are no longer Howlers.

• Howlers make overt threats, draw attention,
  frighten others intentionally
• Hunters develop a hidden plan, acquire the tools
  to harm others, work in stealth, and attack with
  little or no warning

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Part Two
Historical Examples of Mass Shootings
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Charles Whitman commits Texas Tower
Massacre in 1966

• Initially killed mother and wife
• Killed 15 people / wounded 31 around tower
• Passersby armed themselves to intervene
• Killed by 2 police officers
• Autopsy showed brain tumor and he knew something
  was wrong

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James Hubberty commits Calif. McDonalds Massacre
July 1984

• 41 yr. old laid off 1 week before murders
• Killed 21 wounded 19
• Multiple weapons from a 9mm semi-auto uzi
• Killed by Sniper from SWAT
• Said he had killed 1,000s in Viet Nam but never
  served

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Alb. Hollywood Videos Murders

• Shane Harrison aged 28 and accomplice Esther
  Beckley
• Occurred March 96
• Armed robbery and kidnapping
• Killed 5, 2 after being abducted (3 were
  employees)

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Larry Phillips/Emil Matasareanu N. Hollywood
Bank Robbery 2/27/97

• Failed robbery that changed what law enforcement
  standardly packs for heat
• Wounded 13 9 PD 4 bystanders
• Both suspects killed by SWAT after 44 minute
  shoot out on the street
• Shooters had body armour
• Armed with AK-47s

15
Columbine High School, Littleton Co. on April
20,1999

• 2 shooters Harris and Klebold
• Vendetta 2 angry teenagers killed as many
  students as possible after being bullied for
  years
• Killed 13 Wounded 21
• Suspects committed suicide
• Used guns, rifles, bombs
• Changed the way law enforcement responds

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Ronald TaylorWilkinsburg, Pa. 2000

• Hate Crime All victims were white
• March 1, 2000
• Ist killed carpenter who repaired door, then onto
  McDonalds then Burger King
• 3 killed, 3 wounded
• Surrendered

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Cho Seung-Hui commits Virginia Tech Massacre on
4-16-2007

• History of mental illness
• Posted pictures before mailed info. to NBC
  during
• 32 Dead, 23 Wounded
• Weapons Glock 19, Walther P22
• Committed suicide at scene
• Rationale
• savior oppressed rejected
• Romantic dispute?
• Teased about speech disorder

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Von Maur Department Store, Dec. 2007

• Robert Hawkins - 19
• Omaha, Ne.
• Takes others out to be famous at his death after
  being fired
• 9 killed, 5 injured
• Death by suicide after murders

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3 Murdered in City Hall Council Meeting in
Kirkwood, Mo. Feb. 2008

• Charles Lee "Cookie (52) Thornton had
  disrupted/arrested at 2 other council meetings
• Killed 6 2 police officers, public works
  director 2 council members, the mayor (intended
  victim) died later as result of injuries
• Wounded 1 reporter shot at city attorney
• Suicide by cop
• 30 citizens were at the meeting

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Dennys Robbery Takeover Albuquerque 6-21-2009

• Pablo Ortiz (32 top ) Marvin Lopez (22, middle)
  Francisco Melgar (bottom) ,
• Restaurant robbery on Sat. 6/09 _at_ 930AM
  breakfast-rush
• Teenage female employee was killed
• Automatic Weapons w
• Intervention 2 arrested initially other 2
  apprehended

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Binghamton, N.Y. American Civic Assoc. by
Jiverly Wong at 1030 AM on Aug.09

• 13 or victims killed 4 wounded
• Victims from China, Haiti, Pakistan, Vietnam, the
  Philippines, Iraq, Brazil, US
• Used 2 automatic pistols and wore body armor
• Shooter pinned his vehicle against back door to
  block escape
• Suspect shouted that he hated America

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A.S. Major Nidal Malik Hasan Fort Hood Texas on
Nov. 2009

• Palistinian born 39-year-old of American military
  parents
• U.S. Army psychiatrist
• Description by fellow workers paranoid,
  belligerent
• Terrorist? or upset at scheduled be deployed to
  Afghanistan?
• Killed 13, Wounded 30
• Arrested and imprisoned until trial in March
  2012

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Amy Bishop Anderson at University of Alabama,
Huntsville on February 2010

• A.S. Amy Bishop (Harvard trained Professor was
  academic star)
• Involved in 3 previous police investigations
• Acquitted of brothers murder
• Pipe bomb
• Shoving another customer
• Police arrested her on the scene
• Vendetta Denied tenure
• 3 killed, 3 wounded

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Police Headquarters in Municipal Bldg. April 2010

• 29-year-old Patrick Gray Sharp was only casualty.
  No others injured.
• McKinney, Texas
• Drove truck loaded with ammo and bomb-making
  materials into the parking lot, set truck on fire
• Fired off more than 100 rounds at police
• Suicide by cop

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A.S. Robert Reza Emcore Murders in Albuquerque
on July 2010 at 10AM

• Vendetta
• child custody battle
• Told nephew device implanted in his head by co.
• Shot 25 bullets reloading once
• 2 killed 4 wounded
• Police arrived from Alb.along with surrounding
  sherrifs/PDs
• Shooter committed suicide on site

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University Library Violence 2010

• Gunman opens fire in library in Austin Texas,
  Sept. 2010
• No one injured
• Shot and killed himself onsite

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Jerad Loughner shoots Congress Woman Gabriel
Giffords on Jan. 2011

• A.S. Jerad Loughner
• Safeway,Phoenix, Ariz. at Town Hall Meeting
• Vendetta Gifford is Jewish and he may have been
  a member of an anti-semetic group AmRen
• 6 killed 19 wounded
• Loughner was overcome by crowd and arrested
• Bystander nearly shot one of good samaritans who
  overcame him

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A.S. Cesar Dominguez-Garcia at UNM Hospital on
Feb. 2011

• Albuququerque, N.M.
• Vendetta Girlfriends child was admitted to
  hospital.
• Suspect arrived, became angry and began striking
  girlfriend.
• Family intervened,
• suspect brandished gun and fired one round
• Police arrested

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Senior Center Shooting in Suisan City, California
July 2011

• 55-year-old Bernardo Ararao
• Rode bike to Center, dressed in camouflage
• Showed woman at the center gun said he was
  "going on assignment"
• 911 called repeatedly ordered to drop his gun
• He refused/shot by police

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Construction Site Killing 2010

• Centreville, Alabama October 2010
• Firing over stolen copper
• Vendetta Accusing electrician was continuing
  work on the site when fired employee shot and
  killed him

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Construction Site Killing 2011

• Miami
• Two employees showing off their weapons on a
  break at one workers truck .
• Gun accidentally went off killing other worker
  during exchange.

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There Are All Types of Scenarios

• Often happened in the AM
• Most usually is the result of a robbery but that
  is not our focus in this class
• Stay alert to surroundings and situations all the
  time
• Be mentally prepared for different violent
  scenarios
• armed individuals/bombs
• chemical, radiation, and biological threats
• verbal or written threats

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Part 3
Emergency Dispatch Services 911
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When You Call 911 Dispatch

• The phone may not ring right away.
• Most important piece of information
• Call back number
• Dispatch does not go to the scene.

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Information That Dispatch Gets When You Call 911

• Landline
• Name
• Address
• Location address
• Wireless
• Phone number
• Cell phone carrier
• Location of caller
• City Hall/ PBX lines

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Dispatchs Role

• Job is to preserve life and facilitate safety
• Multiple callers
• Each caller is a new witness
• May disconnect you due to call volume
• Will ask you the big 6 (Where/What/When/Who/How/W
  hy)

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Dispatcher Will Ask Where

• Location within a location
• Office number, room, building
• Hazards for those present and for responders
• Sounds (gun shots/explosions)
• Screams
• Injured
• Other dangers in/around location
• Safest approach

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Dispatcher Will Ask What and When

• What is occurring?
• Are you hearing it or seeing it?
• First hand knowledge
• Just hearing chaos
• Is it just starting, in progress or over
• Information may save lives/minimize causalities
• What you ADD is helpful
• Avoid repeating

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Dispatcher Will Ask Who, How, Why

• Who is involved?
• Number of suspects
• Still present
• Know or recognize the AS
• Describe what they look like
• Physical features
• Clothing body armor
• Weapons / explosives
• Why is this happening?

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A.S. Status vs Victim Status

• Dispatch will ask about the shooter before asking
  for information regarding those injured
• How many are injured?
• Types of injuries?
• Dispatch can provide steps for treatment

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Until Law Enforcement Arrives

• If you cannot speak to 911 dispatcher, just leave
  the line open for the dispatcher to listen in.
• They are trained to do this

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EMCORE 911 Tape
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Part 4
Law Enforcement
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Law Enforcement Intelligence From Dispatch On The
Way To Site

• Suspect(s)
• Actions
• Location
• Description
• Weapons
• Victim injuries and location
• Designate site representative to give officers
  intelligence

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Arrival of Law Enforcement

• Average response time for police to high priority
  calls in your area
• Safest place to stay is inside secure room
• The shooter will probably not flee when police
  arrive
• The shooters goal is to kill and injure, not
  negotiate or flee

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Law Enforcements Modus Operandi

• Most likely by a variety of officers
• Identified in some way generally.
• Could be officer already on site
• AS response is different
• 5 qualified officers enter immediately as a group
• Armed with a variety of weapons
• Wont be aiding victims
• Designate a site representative

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When Victims See Police Pass Through

• If you are locked in a secure room, stay there
• Police will be shouting commands
• Everyone is a suspect
• May force people to ground
• Listen and follow instructions
• Do not approach, stop or speak to or hold onto
  officer(s)
• Avoid screaming or yelling
• Point in direction of shooter

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When You See Police (cont.)

• Hands
• Immediately raise hands
• Keep your hands visible
• Drop anything in your hands
• Do not move injured victims
• Officers attempting to apprehend the shooter will
  not stop to help injured victims

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Part 5
Emergency Medical Services
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Delayed Medical Entry with Active Shooter Scenes

• Fire/EMS personnel will respond when dispatched
• Entry by medics will be delayed until police are
  in control of area and shooter is disarmed
• Be prepared to do trauma care until they enter

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Victim Status Cards

• Okay
• Minor Injuries
• Life threatening Injuries
• Extra or Missing Victim

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Triage of Victims

• Sorting
• Who is most in need savable
• Coach injured to self-help
• Administer to them
• Have them administer to others when injury is
  minor
• Get assistance from others who can help
• Show helpers how
• Be a coach

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Protect Yourself

• Have a basic plan
• Dont attempt to render first aid if unsafe to do
  so
• Dont show yourself to shooter
• Survey the scene
• Know where the first aid kit, AED and
  extinguishers are
• Blood borne pathogens
• Potentially infectious materials
• Take universal precautions
• Wear PPE
• Clean-up procedures

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Victim Treatment

• Minor Injuries minimal treatment or self help
  with instruction
• Life threatening Injuries
• Most serious injury dealt with first
• Examples severe bleeding, not breathing, broken
  limbs, heart attack, seizure, asthma attack,
  shock
• Dead or not-savable injuries

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Stop Bleeding

• Capillary bleeds only ooze
• Venous
• Flows steadily
• Thick dressing / pressure
• Arterial
• Squirts under pressure
• Thick dressing / elevate /
• pressure
• Have helper perform once under control if there
  are other victims

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Tourniquet only if Bleeding To Death

• Controversial only as last
• resort as potentially dangerous
• For arterial bleeding
• extremities
• Use a belt, strap, or other 1
• wide material 2 above
• Tighten until bleeding stops
• Never loosen
• Note time applied
• Save amputation

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Victim Is Not Breathing

• CPR CAB
• 15 Compressions
• Airway open
• 2 Breaths
• Continue15-2
• Not recommended in multi victim scene unless
  multiple trained first aiders

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Broken Limbs

• Splint in position presented
• Use padding
• If it is the forearm then support hand
• If it is the thigh or hip do not move them
• Do not draw attention to a mistake correct it

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Spinal Cord Injuries

• Do not move unless life threatening situation
• Maintain alignment of head and spine when moving
• Support head and neck
• Secure them to a board

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First Aid for Other Conditions

• Psychogenic Shock
• Fainting
• Panic attack
• Vomiting
• Altered and difficult to control
• Byproduct of shock
• Due to anxiety
• Others brought on by stress of event
• Heart Attack
• Seizure
• Asthma
• Diabetic Attack

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Seasoned EMT Donts

• Dont
• panic or put yourself in danger
• spend too much time on a non-savable victim
• attempt to plug a bullet-hole (use direct
  pressure)
• overly worry about infection (use what you can to
  stop bleeding)

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Moving A Victim

• When to move victim
• In the path of a shooter
• Other hazards
• How to move victim
• Walk them, be a human crutch, drag, scoot, carry
  them
• Spinal injuries
• Only if safe to do so

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Update Your Training

• CPR/AED
• First Aid
• Conflict Resolution
• Stress Management

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Part 6Choices You Have When You are A Victim at
an Active shooter Scene
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Plan For Survival

• Escape route plan
• Locations of exits
• Possible pathways to exit
• Meeting place
• Perform drills as part of training.
• Emergency lighting
• Fire extinguishers

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Timing in Active Shooter Situations

• Evolve quickly
• Shooters are unpredictable
• Law Enforcement has historically been required to
  stop them
• Arrival of police and EMS on the scene is not
  immediate
• Be prepared mentally and physically to deal with
  the situation until help arrives

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What Will Require Your Attention

• Alerting others
• Others in and around area
• Authorities
• Be able to describe perp.
• The victims
• Providing first aid
• Moving to safety
• How you face the shooter(s)
• Assess
• Determine the odds

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Try To Focus and Be Methodical

• Try Not To Freak Out
• How To Calm Down
• Deep breaths
• How would your hero handle it?
• Staying Calm Helps
• Think more clearly
• Victims remain calm
• The situation requires a leader
• Prioritize
• Allocate tasks
• Need more than just you?

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Communications To Get Help

• Call 911 for outside help
• if you can safely do so
• leave line open if cannot talk
• Alert others onsite with intercom, phone, page,
  or the code

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Not In Line of Fire Hide vs. Escape

• Be quiet and remain calm.
• Silence your cell phone
• Take several deep breaths and review what to do
• Make the decision to hide or escape
• Then assess if you can help others while hiding
  or escaping

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If Hiding Makes Sense

• Keep yourself safe
• Move to secure area
• Lock door/barricade it
• Hide
• behind large furniture
• in a large wall vent
• in the bathroom
• Turn off sources of noise
• Close the blinds
• EMS will tell you not to intervene
• Question someone asking for entry

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If Escape is Feasible

• Shooter will not stop until objectives are met or
  is engaged by police
• Is escape best option?
• Where is the shooter?
• Multiple shooters?
• Can you get out immediately undetected?
• Advise police of shooter or plain clothes police

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If Escaping

• Evacuate area using designated exit path
• Hug the wall
• Check around corners first
• Whether or not others agree to follow
• Leave all your belongings
• Only jump out a 1st or 2nd floor window
• Help others escape
• Alert others you come across

74
Helping Others

• You are part of a team
• Assist others in need
• Help others escape with you
• Escape yourself even if they are too afraid to
  try

75
If You Are In The Line Of Fire

• You have two choices if shooter is at close
  range fight or comply
• We do not know how you will or should respond
• How you respond will be based on
• The actual situation and what is possible,
• How many of you/they there are
• Your personality/background
• Victim camaraderie
• Feelings of moral responsibility
• It is your choice but keep in mind it
  will take time for police to
  arrive, assemble,
  and enter
• Your life is on the line

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When Your Decision is to Comply

• Do what the shooter says
• Keep your hands where they can be seen
• No sudden movements to draw attention or alarm AS
• Avoid eye contact unless you are being addressed
• Be quiet and remember your life may depend on
  being calm

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Things to Consider Before Fighting Back

• Chance of survival may be greater if you
  incapacitate the shooter but consider
• How many shooters are there?
• How many of you are there?
• How many of you will commit to an attack?
• What objects do you have available to disable
  the person?
• Do any of you have military training or
  experience handling firearms?
• Does the group have a plan?
• Are your odds good?

78
When Your Decision is to Fight

• Never attempt to wrestle a gun away from someone
  pointing it at you
• The closer you are to the shooter the better the
  chances of overcoming them s
• Chance of survival is greater when you
• are behind or out of vision of shooter
• incapacitate the shooter
• improvise a weapon
• throw heavy, blunt or sharp object
• hit shooter with something heavy
• use cart to shove them down or door open
• jump on them
• stab them with letter opener, scissors, or exacto

79
When Your Decision Is To Mass Attack

• Use the code if you know victims or try to
  preplan during
• Opportunity may be obvious to incapacitate and
  overcome AS
• Go for the gun if you are not in the line of
  fire
• Try to knock them down then
• Try to get on them
• Go for hands, eyes, personals
• You must COMMIT 100

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Do Not Enter A.S. Scene Viewed/Heard From A
Distance

• Not always completely aware of situation
• Need to be absolutely sure who the shooter is
• In the Gabby Gifford shooting, a guy mistook a
  hero for the shooter

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The Hostage Corridor Phase

• You will be detained
• Wait for instructions
• Call 1 family member
• Do not talk with the media.
• Able witnesses are moved
• Interviews
• Post event debriefing.
• This phase will take hours
• Do not interrupt proceedings unless medically
  necessary
• Drink water/eat something

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Part 7How To Deal With Volatile Situations
Before They Become Violent Situations
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Get Help with Coworker Escalating Behavior That
is Getting Worse

• Approach if comfortable/offer help
• Report it if repetitive and talking doesnt help
• Get guidance from pros
• Avoid discussing with other coworkers, family or
  friends
• File a police report
• Call 911 for immediate threat
• Dont let escalating behavior go unchecked

84
The De-Escalation Process

• Let them vent
• Encourage talking listening
• Repeat back
• Break problems down
• Be very clear about
• what is going to happen
• timelines
• Give them choices
• Focus on issue/refocus when necessary
• Use comfort/delay tactics as they deescalate
• Follow up

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Donts For The De-escalation Process

• Dont bargain with threatening individual if
  their behavior is not threatening.
• Dont make false promises.
• Dont downplay seriousness of situation
• Keep it simple
• Dont take sides or agree with distortions

86
Verbal Communication to Deescalate Anger

• Speak slowly but confidently
• Keep your voice down, especially if they are
  raising theirs
• Communicate respect
• Keep it simple
• Repeat back for clarity
• Do not interrupt

87
Body Language That Helps Deescalate an Angry
Individual

• Maintain your space
• Dont put up barriers but dont isolate yourself
• Project calmness
• Show concern and empathy
• Dont appear challenging
• Keep you hands in sight
• Avoid sudden movements

88
Avoid Altercations

• Do not take sides
• Do not get involved in workplace altercations
• Do not try to break up arguments or fights or you
  may get in trouble yourself
• Notify your supervisor immediately

89
Do Not Condone Bullying at Work

• As a supervisor
• Review policy
• Only 1 warning
• As the victim
• Be assertive and refuse to be a victim
• Label it
• Tell them to stop
• Keep a factual journal
• Report it

90
Dealing With Angry Customers

• Imminent danger then push panic button or call
  911
• If comfortable doing so ask them to lower their
  voice and listen to them vent empathize
• Explain the process
• Get them to the right person
• Report issues to supervisor
• Always follow up

91
Ways To Cope with your Emotions Long Term Before
YOU Become Violent

• Acknowledge the problem
• Take time to gain perspective
• Get help
• HR/EAP
• See a counselor
• Talk to a spiritual advisor

92
If You Feel Like You Are About to Become Violent
Right Now

• Take a deep breath
• Think about consequences
• Imagine looking back
• Is there an expedient solution?
• Talk to your supervisor, HR, or EAP immediately
• Go to the ER

93
Part 7
Critical Incident
Stress Debriefing


94
Signs of Post Traumatic Stress

• Sleeplessness/nightmares
• Anti-social behavior
• Withdrawal
• Paranoia
• Emotional outbursts
• Nervous behavior
• Distracted
• Loss of concentration
• Pacing and restlessness
• Loss of interest in hobbies
• Substance abuse

95
Get Help Early On

• If you suspect PTSD or emotional distress notify
  management.
• Assistance will be provided to help the employee
  deal with issues.

96
Company EAPs

• Free, confidential counseling program assists
  employees with anything they perceive to be a
  problem
• Brief solutions counseling
• If you require additional services, counselors
  will help you access your mental health benefits,
  community resources, self-help groups or other
  services

Employee Assistance Program
97
When There Is a Problem The EAP Is a Good
Place To Start

• Workplace issues
• Feeling stressed to the point where you might
  harm yourself or others
• PTSD CISD
• Drug and alcohol abuse

• Anxiety depression
• Family challenges
• Conflict resolution
• Grief and loss
• Relationship issues
• Other concerns

98
How An EAP Works

• For employees and immediate family in household
  
• Benefit may be prepaid by your company
• Your company pays set amount monthly to EAP
  
• The company does not receive bill with employees
  name on it
• EAP services are confidential
• Information may only be released with your
  written permission
• In a crisis or an emergency, counselors
  are available by phone 24 / 7
• In imminent danger always call 911 first

99
Would You Be Prepared If It Happened To You?

• Have you thought about it?
• Discuss it
• No single definitive strategy will ever be
  appropriate
• This class includes possible options but only you
  know how you will respond and your response will
  be based on many factors

100
Your Employer Wants to Protect You

• Look to the future with coworker conflicts
• Be proactive with customers
• Use information in this class to protect
  yourself, coworkers and work environment

101
The Goal Of This Course Is To Keep Employees Alive
The End
102
Ex LA/NY Policemans New Book

• Tool to improve performance
• Advantages resiliency, profitability, safety
• About power of people connected online and using
  electronic tools to collaborate to solve problems

103
City of Rio Ranchos EAP

• The Solutions Group
• To access your EAP call 505-254-3555 for R.R.
  Alb.
• Call 1-866-254-3555 if out of town