PHYSICAL EDUCATION, EXERCISE SCIENCE, AND SPORTS

1
PHYSICAL EDUCATION, EXERCISE SCIENCE, AND SPORTS

• Dynamic Fields

2
WHAT IS DYNAMIC ABOUT

• Physical education?
• Exercise science?
• Sports?

3
PHYSICAL EDUCATION

• is a process through which an individual obtains
  optimal physical, mental, and social skills and
  fitness through physical activity.

Kinesiology is the study of human movement.
4
EXERCISE SCIENCE

• is the scientific analysis of the human body in
  motion.

5
SPORTS

• are physical activities governed by formal or
  informal rules that involve competition against
  an opponent or oneself and are engaged in for
  fun, recreation, or reward

6

• Physical Activity describes repetitive movements
  by the skeletal muscles that require energy and
  produce health benefits.
• Physical Fitness is the bodys capacity to adapt
  and respond favorably to physical effort.

7

• Health , often defined as the absence of illness
  or disease, is a positive state of physiological
  function that includes physical fitness and the
  five dimensions of wellness.
• Wellness includes the emotional, mental,
  physical, social, and spiritual factors that lead
  to an overall state of well-being, quality of
  life, and ability to contribute to society.

8

• Exercise involves physical movements that
  increase the rate of energy use of the body.
• Play refers to amusements engaged in freely, for
  fun, and devoid of constraints.

9

• Leisure is the freedom from work or
  responsibilities so that time may or may not be
  used for physical activity.
• Recreation refreshes or renews a persons
  strength and spirit after work a diversion that
  occurs during leisure hours.

10

• Athletics are organized, highly structured
  competitive activities in which skilled
  individuals participate.
• Games, usually implying winners and losers, can
  range from simple diversions to cooperative
  activities to competitions with significant
  outcomes governed by rules.

11

• Health-related fitness is the level of positive
  well-being associated with heart, muscle, and
  joint functions that improve healthfulness of
  life.

12

• Skill-related fitness refers to achieving levels
  of ability to perform physical movements that are
  efficient and effective.

13
NATIONAL CONTENT STANDARDS

• Demonstrates competency in motor skills and
  movement patterns to perform a variety of
  physical activities.
• Demonstrates understanding of movement concepts,
  principles, strategies, and tactics as they apply
  to the learning and performance of physical
  activities.
• Participates regularly in physical activity.
• Achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level
  of physical fitness.
• Exhibits responsible personal and social behavior
  that respects self and others in physical
  activity settings.
• Values physical activity for health, enjoyment,
  challenge, self-expression and/or social
  interaction.

14
COMPONENTS OF HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS

• Cardiorespiratory endurance The ability of the
  lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver
  adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet
  the demands of prolonged physical activity
• Muscular strength The ability to exert maximum
  force against resistance
• Muscular endurance The ability of muscles to
  exert sub-maximal force repeatedly over a period
  of time
• Flexibility The ability of a joint to move
  freely through its full range of motion
• Body composition Percent body fat or lean body
  mass

15
COMPONENTS OF SKILL-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS

• Agility ability to change directions rapidly
  and accurately
• Balance ability to maintain equilibrium while
  stationary or moving
• Coordination ability to perform motor tasks
  smoothly and accurately
• Power ability to exert force rapidly through a
  combination of strength and speed
• Reaction time ability to respond or react
  quickly to a stimulus
• Speed ability to quickly perform a movement

16
FITT PRINCIPLES

• Frequency how often a person should train
• Intensity how hard a person should exercise
• Time how long or the duration a person should
  exercise
• Type kind or mode of exercise performed

17
PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING

• Progression increasing gradually the stress on
  the muscles so the body can adapt
• Regularity number of times exercising per week
• Overload placing increasing amounts of stress
  on the body to cause adaptations that improve
  fitness
• Variety changing equipment, exercises, and
  activities to avoid boredom, reduce risk of
  overuse injuries, and increase motivation or
  adherence
• Individualism knowing capabilities and
  limitations so can maintain strength and work on
  weaknesses

18
PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING

• Realism setting achievable training plans and
  goals to help maintain a program
• Recovery ensuring optimal amount of rest and
  sleep to allow for rebuilding tissues and
  replenishing stored energy
• Reversibility fitness improvements are lost
  when demands on the body are lowered
• Balance focusing on all of the health-related
  components of physical fitness, push and pull
  movements of each joint and between the upper-
  and lower-body
• Specificity training exact areas of muscles,
  energy systems, and ranges of motion to improve
  fitness

19
BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

• Help maintain weight
• Increase muscular strength and endurance
• Improve cardiorespiratory (aerobic) fitness
• Build bone mass
• Control blood pressure
• Reduce anxiety and stress

20
PURPOSE

• is to optimize quality of life through a
  long-term commitment to enjoyable physical
  activity and sport experiences that will meet
  varied needs in a changing world.

21
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES MET THROUGH PHYSICAL
EDUCATION

• Physical such as improvements in health,
  fitness, heart functioning, strength, fundamental
  movement skills, and sport skills
• Mental such as enhancements in academic
  performance, learning ability, and motivation
• Psychological and social such as increases in
  self-confidence, stress management, and positive
  interactions with people

22
COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES

• Focus on learning about and using knowledge of
  body functioning, health, growth and development,
  motor learning, game rules, skills, strategies,
  and safety

• Evaluation
• Application
• Synthesis
• Analysis
• Comprehension
• Acquisition

23
AFFECTIVE OBJECTIVES

• Emphasize the development of attitudes,
  appreciations, and values (includes social and
  emotional dimensions), such as self-confidence,
  affiliation, value judgments, character
  development, communication skills, courtesy, fair
  play, self-control, self-discipline, fun, tension
  release, self-expression, and learning how to win
  and lose

24
PSYCHOMOTOR OBJECTIVES

• Emphasize the learning of fundamental movements,
  motor skills, and sports skills, including
  manipulative skills, perceptual-motor skills,
  fundamental game skills, cardiorespiratory
  endurance, muscular strength and endurance,
  flexibility, body composition, agility, balance,
  coordination, power, reaction time, and speed

25
Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and
Health (1996)

• Males and females of all ages benefit from
  regular physical activity.
• Significant health benefits can be obtained by
  including a moderate amount (minimum of 30
  minutes) of physical activity on most, if not
  all, days of the week.

26
Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and
Health (1996)

• Strength-developing exercises should be completed
  at least twice per week for adults in order to
  improve musculoskeletal health, maintain
  independence in performing the activities of
  daily life, and reduce the risk of falling.
• Many of the beneficial affects of exercise
  training from both endurance and resistance
  activities diminish within two weeks if physical
  activity is substantially reduced, and effects
  disappear within two to eight months if physical
  activity is not resumed.

27
Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and
Health (1996)

• Regular physical activity is necessary for
  maintaining normal muscle strength, joint
  structure, and joint function.
• Low levels of activity, resulting in fewer
  kilocalories used than consumed, contribute to
  the high prevalence of obesity in the United
  States.
• Physical activity appears to relieve symptoms of
  depression and anxiety and improve mood.

28
NATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY GOALS
29
Healthy People 2010

• Goal 1 Increase Quality and Years of Healthy
  Life
• Help individuals of all ages increase life
  expectancy and improve their quality of life.
• Goal 2 Eliminate Health Disparities
• Eliminate health disparities among different
  segments of the population. These include
  differences that occur by gender, race or
  ethnicity, education or income, disability,
  living in rural localities, or sexual
  orientation.

30
OBJECTIVE 22PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

• Reduce the proportion of adults who engage in no
  leisure-time physical activity.
• Increase the proportion of adults who engage
  regularly, preferably daily, in moderate physical
  activity for at least 30 minutes per day.

31
OBJECTIVE 22PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

• Increase the proportion of adults who engage in
  vigorous physical activity that promotes the
  development and maintenance of cardiorespiratory
  fitness 3 or more days per week for 20 or more
  minutes per occasion.
• Increase the proportion of adults who perform
  physical activities that enhance and maintain
  muscular strength and endurance.

32
OBJECTIVE 22PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

• Increase the proportion of adults who perform
  physical activities that enhance and maintain
  flexibility.
• Increase the proportion of adolescents who engage
  in moderate physical activity for at least 30
  minutes on 5 or more of the previous 7 days.

33
OBJECTIVE 22PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

• Increase the proportion of adolescents who engage
  in vigorous physical activity that promotes
  cardiorespiratory fitness 3 or more days per week
  for 20 or more minutes per occasion.
• Increase the proportion of the nations public
  and private schools that require daily physical
  education for all students.

34
OBJECTIVE 22PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS

• Increase the proportion of adolescents who
  participate in daily school physical education.
• Increase the proportion of adolescents who spend
  at least 50 percent of school physical education
  class time being physically active.

http//www.abcnews.go.com/WNT/US/story?id2785545
page1
35
LIFESTYLE SURVEY Do you make healthy choices and
behave in ways that contribute to living a
physically fit life? Do you daily act in ways
that positively contribute to each of the
dimensions of wellness? Complete this short
survey by answering yes or no and see if this is
the case. If not, what changes should you make to
better achieve these healthy behaviors? (page 35)
36
(No Transcript)
37
FITNESS ASSESSMENTSHOW FIT ARE YOU?

• Go to http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/target-hear
  t-rate/SM00083 to calculate your resting heart
  rate.
• Go to http//www.healthchecksystems.com/heart.asp
  to calculate your exercise or training heart rate
  zone.
• Go to http//mypyramid.gov/ to determine a
  healthy nutritional plan just for you.
• Go to http//nhlbisupport.com/bmi/ and calculate
  your body mass index.
• Go to http//hp2010.nhlbihin.net/atpiii/calculator
  .asp?usertypepub and calculate your estimated
  10-year risk for having a heart attack (you will
  need to have your cholesterol and systolic blood
  pressure).