South America

1
South America

• Chapter 9

2
Chapter 9 Section 1

• Establishing Independence

3
Europeans Arrive

• 1531 Pizarro lands in Peru
• Horses, 200 men, Cannons, guns
• Incas in civil war
• Pizarro captures and kills Atahualpa claiming
  land for Spain

4
Europeans Arrive

• Portugal claims Brazil
• Settlements pop up along coast
• Dense rainforest

5
Europeans Arrive

• CHANGES!
• Many natives die
• enslaved and overworked
• Diseases
• African slaves brought for cheap labor source

6
Europeans Arrive

• Rule lasts for 300 years
• Export gold, silver, sugar
• WEALTH!!!

7
Independence

• Early 1800s ? Spain and Portugal export wealth
• Those born in South America want political and
  economic power.
• American and French Revolutions

8
Independence

• 1810 2 generals lead fight for freedom
• Simón Bolivar led efforts in the North
• José de San Martín led efforts in the South
• Most of South America freed by 1825

9
Independence

• Brazil ?independence without major war
• 1807 Napoleon invades Portugal, royals flee to
  Brazil
• 1821 Napoleon defeated in Europe, royalty
  returns to Portugal

10
Independence

• Son of King Pedro left in charge of Brazil
• 1822 Brazilians demand freedom and Pedro agrees
• He is named the emperor of the newly free Brazil

11
Governments of South America

• Independence ? fair, stable society
• Want constitution that limits powers of
  government and allows citizen participation
• (French and American Revolutions)

12
Governments

• Wealthy Spanish colonists want to keep power and
  property
• Gave government control to military, not citizens
• UNLIMITED GOVERNMENTS
• 1990s- Push for Democracy

13
Governments

• Bolivars dream was to unite South America like
  the USA
• His dream never fully realized
• 1800s US encourages Pan-American unity unity
  across the Americas

14
Governments

• 1948 Organization of American States (OAS)
• Economic Cooperation
• Social Justice
• Equality
• Encourages democracy among members
• Ensures fair elections
• Settles member conflicts
• 1979 Court for Human rights together for
  justice

15
People of South America

• Until 1800s immigrants only Spanish and
  Portuguese
• 1880s ? other Europeans
• Immigrants help build economy, bring new customs
• British soccer

16
People of South America

• Today, multiple ethnic groups
• Natives, Europeans, African
• Some in regions, others spread out
• Ex) Africans in tropical lowlands
• Ex) Natives in Andean Peru
• Majority Mestizo or mulatto