Nonfiction Notes - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 28
About This Presentation
Title:

Nonfiction Notes

Description:

Nonfiction Notes Nonfiction= prose writing about real people, places, and events mainly written to convey factual information information may be shaped by the author ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:55
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 29
Provided by: sfcssOrgw
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Nonfiction Notes


1
Nonfiction Notes
2
  • Nonfiction prose writing about real people,
    places, and events
  • mainly written to convey factual information
  • information may be shaped by the authors own
    purpose and attitudes
  • II. Examples of nonfiction include newspaper
    article, review, speech, story, advertisement,
    autobiography, biography, memoir, essay, journal,
    and editorial.

3
  • Autobiographywriters account of his life in
    first person),
  • Biographyaccount of a persons life
  • Memoir my storyusually discusses one part of
    a persons life
  • Essay a brief work of nonfiction that deals with
    a single subject
  • 1. Formal essay writers develop and order
    ideas in an impersonal manner
  • 2. Informal essay writers expression of ideas
    is less strict and often employs humor and
    anecdotes

4
  • III. Kinds of Essays
  • A. Persuasive essay writer tries to convince a
    reader to share a belief, agree with an opinion,
    or to take some action
  • Expository essay writers primary purpose is to
    convey or explain information
  • C. Personal essay expresses a writers
    thoughts, feelings, or opinions on a subject
    usually written in an informal, conversational
    style

5
  • D. Descriptive essay writer tries to recreate a
    person, place, or event mostly through language
    that appeals to the senses
  • E. Narrative essay writers purpose is to relate
    a series of events
  • F. Reflective essay the author reflects upon an
    event that occurred within his or her life
    generally shows a lesson learned by the author.

6
  • IV. Objective versus Subjective Writing
  • A. Objective facts which can be proved to be
    true by the senses, the calendar, or the clock
  • 1. examples the geographic location of a city,
    the time of day
  • B. Subjective details that may be true, but are
    verifiable only by reference to your own state of
    mind
  • 1. examples feelings about an event,
    description of a person
  • 2. word connotation (associations that affect
    meaning)
  • 3. May lead to biasmost writing will have some
    sort of bias within it.
  •  
  •  

7
Close Reading Notes
8
3 levels of reading
  • 1 Reading on the linefind meaning directly in
    the text. You may answer question such as who,
    what, and where.
  • 2 Reading between the linesinterpret what is in
    the text. You may consider what a passage
    represents, suggests, or personifies. You are
    also analyzing what you are reading. You may
    interpret, classify, compare, contrast, and even
    find patterns.

9
  • 3 Reading beyond the linesmove beyond the text
    to connect to universal meaning. You may
    consider how the text relates to your life. You
    will consider what kind of perceptions about life
    the author is communicating to you.

10
Close reading
  • Becomes easier the more you do it
  • Very helpful on the ap exam, ACT, any
    standardized testboth the free response and the
    multiple choice.  
  • Helps you to understand the text itself as well
    as what the text suggests.
  • Talking with the text
  • Annotation
  • Dialectical journal

11
  • Annotation
  • Write in the margins include questions,
    comments, and mark words you dont know.
  • Dialectical journal
  • Like annotation, but more organized.
  • Include note taking (or the piece of the text you
    are referring to) and note making (what you want
    to say about that piece of text).
  • Include a page and paragraph number so you know
    where to find it in the book.

12
Writing about close reading
  • You have to reach a deeper understanding of the
    text, or you will simply end up summarizing the
    text.
  • As you perform the close reading, you may be
    overwhelmed with all of the possibilities.
  • When possible, I will provide you with something
    to focus on, whether it be diction, syntax, or
    even sound devices.
  • If I have not provided you with a focus, find a
    pattern and focus on that.
  • You can also consider the questions or elements
    from the handouts I have provided.

13
Once you understand the basics of nonfiction and
argumentation and how to do a close reading, you
are ready to read and write a rhetorical analysis
  • Taken from Professional Development AP English
    Language Reading and Writing Analytically

14
  • How to write the Rhetorical Analysis
  • All textual analysis is ultimately rhetorical
    analysis.
  • Rhetoric is the faculty of discovering all the
    things a speaker or write might do in a given
    situation to make his or her text meaningful,
    purposeful, and effective.

15
  • Rhetorical analysis will include all the basic
    elements that a literary analysis would include
  • Introduction
  • Body paragraphs (with supporting details,
    including analysis and support)
  • Conclusion
  • The difference is what you focus on in the
    analysis.
  • In a rhetorical analysis, you will identify the
    purpose of the writing and discuss how the author
    achieves that purpose.

16
Rhetorical Analysis Critical Reading
  • You will apply your critical reading skills to
    break down the whole of the text into the sum of
    its parts.
  • You must determine what the writer is trying to
    achieve, and what writing strategies he/she is
    using to try to achieve it.
  • Reading critically means more than just being
    moved, affected, informed, influenced, and
    persuaded by a piece of writing.
  • Reading critically also means analyzing and
    understanding how the work has achieved its
    effect.

17
  • See your handouts for a list of questions to ask
    yourself when you begin to rhetorically analyze a
    piece of writing.
  • These questions can be used even if you're being
    asked only to read the text rather than write a
    formal analysis.  
  • Keep in mind that you don't need to apply all of
    these questions to every text often times, you
    may apply one or two.  

18
  • You can also analyze by discussing various
    elements within the piece, including, but not
    limited to
  • Diction (word choice)
  • Syntax (sentence structure)
  • Logos (logical appeals)
  • Ethos (ethical appeals)
  • Pathos (emotional appeals)
  • Tone
  • Arrangement
  • Organization
  • Structure
  • Figurative language
  • Again, focus on one or two!

19
Argumentation
20
  • Argumentation (not arguing)
  • Toulmins model
  • These are all important piece of argumentation.
    Any valid argument will contain most of these
    pieces.
  • Claim
  • Grounds (or data)
  • Warrant
  • Rebuttal

21
Claim
  • a statement that you are asking the other person
    to accept.
  • This includes information you are asking them to
    accept as true or actions you want them to accept
    and enact.
  • Similar to a thesis.

22
Grounds (or data)
  • made up of data and hard facts, plus the
    reasoning behind the claim
  • include proof of expertise and the basic premises
    on which the rest of the argument is built

Warrant
  • Explains how your data relates to or verifies
    your claim

23
Rebuttal
  • Despite the careful construction of the argument,
    the opposition may still be able to find areas of
    weakness, which they can use to construct a
    counter-argument.
  • Some counter-arguments may rebutted within the
    argument itself.
  • Any rebuttal is an argument in itself, and thus
    may include a claim, warrant, backing and so on.

24
  • Test of Evidence
  • You should question the reliability of anything
    you see in print, on television, or onlineeven
    information you hear on the radio.
  • There are certain qualities of the text that
    will help you determine its credibility.
  • Consider
  • Authorshipwho wrote it? What makes him credible?
  • Publishing bodywhat biases do they have?
  • Accuracycan I find it elsewhere?
  • Coverageis enough information given on the
    topic?

25
  • In your writing and the published documents we
    read, you will use or see logical reasoning.
  • Logical reasoning will rely on
  • Facts as evidence
  • Research
  • Tradition (or precedent)
  • Authorities
  • Cause and effect
  • Analogies (comparisons)
  • Logic by sign (physical evidence)

26
Faulty Logic (fallacy)A.     Appeal to popular
opinion1.      Everyone else is supporting it so
its right (band wagon)2.      Popularity
doesnt equal correctness or rightness3.     
Tells nothing about the topicB.     Appeal to
tradition1.      should leave the status quo
alone because its always been that way. 2.     
progress must progress (progress for progress
sake)3.      tradition doesnt mean it is
rightC.     Hasty generalizations1.     
Jumping to conclusions2.      Problem dont
have all the facts
27
D.     Ad Hominem (against the man)1.      The
idea isnt worthy because of the source2.     
test of evidenceE.      Slippery slope1.
Suggests that taking one good measure will lead
to undesirable measure (one good decision could
lead to a series of bad choices)F.      Appeal
to authority (begging the question)1.      when
you treat the claim as if it was evidence (the
claim is what youre trying to prove)2.     
just because you say it doesnt make it true
28
  • Appeals to
  • Emotions pathos
  • Passion, not logic, stirs most people. Use
    carefully! Sob stories should be avoided.
  •  
  • Ethicsethos
  • Effective arguers not only possess good
    character, but also argue in ways that reveal
    that good character.
  • Your test of evidence can establish your ethos,
    or credibility, as well as that of your sources.
  •  
  • Logiclogos
  • See logical appeals!
  •  
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com