For Dosimetry:

1
Recommendations from GROUP E (Dosimetry)

• For Dosimetry
• Re-analyze Apollo dosimetry data using modern
  techniques
• (nuclear emulsions and PNTDs). Provide
  re-evaluated dose and
• dose equivalent, and neutron spectra
  measurements for Apollo missions.
• (2) Dosimetric measurements on Lunar (Martian)
  surface using Tissue
• Equivalent Detectors that include both charged
  particle and neutron
• contributions to dose and dose equivalent.

2
Recommendations from GROUP E (Dosimetry)
For SPE predictions (predictive tools for
operational decisions) (3) Prediction of the
next most likely SPE temporal evolution profile
?TH (at the selected energies), with associated
probabilities. Real-time data from the actual
event ?EXP (at the selected energies). Refine
predictions in real time as the real-time data
arrives. Quiet-time (all clear) forecast.
3
Recommendations from GROUP E (Dosimetry)

• Differential flux Prediction
• We need particles/time/cm2/MeV, at various times
  (?) before the event
• i.e. ?(E, t, ?)
• (a) at 1 A.U. in free space,
• at Mars and along the Mars trajectory
• Protons (H)
• Parameter Ranges we would like
• E 30, 60, 100, 500, 1000 MeV
• ?t 5 mins, from t 0 (onset) to return to
  background
• ? 0 (now), 3 hrs lead time, 6, 12 , 24 hrs.
• Helium (He)
• Parameter ranges same as above (except MeV/n, and
  cut off at 500MeV/n)
• Electrons (e)
• Parameters as above, except
• E 0.5 5.0 MeV

4
Recommendations from GROUP E (Dosimetry)
FOR GCR and SPE (4) Determine the limits of the
long-term variability in the space radiation
environment including GCR, SPE, and Earths
trapped radiation belts through continued
research, e.g. the long-term secular changes in
the GCR spectrum using 10Be from ice cores,
Voyager measurements beyond the termination
shock, nitrate measurements from ice cores,
and historical data, with a view to prediction.
(5) Endorse the support of missions that allow
US access to the necessary data to enable the
above. Monitoring at L1 is preferred because it
is outside the magnetosphere, is at
approximately 1 AU, and permits continuous
coverage
5
Recommendations from GROUP E (Dosimetry)
For all of the above (6) We also need a
Technology Transfer mechanism - i.e. how to
transfer research into operational tools.