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IV HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY

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Title: IV HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY


1
IV HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY
  • THE ROMANO-CHRISTIAN EMPIRE, A.D. 300-500
  • UPON THIS ROCK I WILL FOUND MY CHURCH

2
  • CHRISTIANITY MADE LEGAL AND
  • EMPIRE CHRISTIANIZED
  • BIBLE STABILIZED (MADE CANONICAL)
  • CHURCH CONTROVERSIES ARIANISM, PELAGIANISM,
    PRIMACY OF ROME

3
  • I. CHRISTIANITY LEGALIZED

4
I. LEGALIZATION
  • MARTYRDOM WORKED AGAINST THE EMPIRE THE BLOOD
    OF THE MARTYRS IS THE SEED OF CHRISTIANS
  • CITIZENS WERE IMPRESSED BY THE GOODNESS AND
    COURAGE OF THOSE WHO DIED. BY A.D. 300 AS MUCH AS
    10 OR 20 WERE CHRISTIAN

5
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6

EMPEROR CONSTANTINE, A.D. 272-337
HIS MOTHER HELENA A CHRISTIAN SLAVE
7
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8
  • BYZANTINE IMAGES
  • OF THE MADONNA
  • AND CHILD IN
  • IMPERIAL TOGAS
  • MIRROR
  • HELEN AND
  • CONSTANTINE

9
AREZZO, PIERO DELLA FRANCESCA
10
HISDREAM
11
HELENA AND THE TRUE CROSS
12
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13
EDICT OF TOLERATIONJUNE, A.D. 313
14
II. CHRISTIANIZATION OF EMPIRE
15
FROM LAMBS TO LIONSFOURTH-CENTURY CHRISTIANS
16
THE END OF ROMAN PAGANISMEDICT OF
TOLERATION A.D. 313EMPIRE DECLARED CHRISTIAN
A.D. 391OLYMPIC GAMES BANNED A.D. 393
17

II. CHRISTIANIZATION OF EMPIRE
  • TORTURE AND INFANTICIDE BECOME LESS COMMON
  • BIBLE BECOMES SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE
  • SEX AND MARRIAGE BECOME STRICTER

18
III. CANON OF THE BIBLEDETERMINED
  • IN CONSTANTINOPLE AND ELSEWHERE IMPERIAL BIBLES
    COULD BE WRITTEN WITH GOLD LETTERS ON PURPLE
    VELLUM, AS HERE

19
III. CHRISTIAN BIBLE
  • BY A.D. 300 THE NEW TESTAMENT EXISTED MORE OR
    LESS AS WE KNOW IT
  • CHURCH COUNCILS IN THE FOURTH CENTURY CANONIZED/
    AUTHORIZED THIS NEW TESTAMENT
  • IN WHAT LANGUAGES WERE THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS
    WRITTEN?

20
III. BIBLE
  • TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE START TO APPEAR.
  • ORIGENS HEXAPLA (SIX-FOLD) HEBREW SCRIPTURES IN
    SIX GREEK VERSIONS, A.D. 184-253
  • WULFILA, AN ARIAN CHRISTIAN SLAVE OF THE GOTHS,
    TRANSLATES IT INTO GOTHIC TO CONVERT THEM, A.D.
    310-383
  • BIBLE IS ALSO, EARLY ON, TRANSLATED INTO
    ARMENIAN, SYRIAN, COPTIC, ETHIOPIC, GEORGIAN,
    ETC.
  • JEROME, PAULA AND EUSTOCHIUM RE-TRANSLATE THE
    LATINUS VETUS, AGAIN, INTO LATIN, AS THE VULGATE,
    A.D. 347-420
  • LATER, IRISH SCHOLARS WILL CORRECT JEROMES
    VULGATE BIBLE AGAINST THE HEBREW AND GREEK
    ORIGINAL TEXTS.

21
IV. CHURCH CONTROVERSIES
22
IV. CONTROVERSIES
  • WITH NO EXTERNAL ENEMIES (ROMAN STATE, PAGAN
    PHILOSOPHERS, ETC), CHRISTIANS TRAGICALLY BEGAN
    TO QUARREL AMONG THEMSELVES.
  • COUNCIL OF NICEA, A.D. 325, RESULTED IN CONFLICTS
  • A. ARIANISM
  • B. PELAGIANISM
  • C. NESTORIANISM
  • D. PRIMACY OF ROME

23
A. ARIANISM
  • IS JESUS A MAN, OR GOD?
  • ARIANS (ARIUS, A.D. 256-336)
  • TAUGHT THAT JESUS IS A DIVINE BEING BUT NOT GOD
    AS HE IS CREATED BY AND THEREFORE INFERIOR TO THE
    FATHER.
  • TRINITARIANS (ATHANASIUS, BISHOP OF ALEXANDRIA,
    A.D. 296-373)
  • TAUGHT THAT JESUS WAS NOT CREATED BY THE FATHER,
    BUT EXISTS FROM THE BEGINNING OF TIME. HE IS GOD
    AS MUCH AS IS HIS FATHER

24
B. PELAGIANISM
  • ARE PEOPLE SAVED BECAUSE OF THE MERCY OF JESUS OR
    BECAUSE OF THEIR ACTIONS?
  • PELAGIUS (A.D. 354-420), SAID ACTIONS
  • AUGUSTINE, BISHOP OF HIPPO (A.D. 396-430), SAID
    MERCY

25
  • PELAGIUS SAYS WE ARE INHERENTLY GOOD
  • AUGUSTINE SAYS EVIL IS THE TENDING TO NON-BEING
  • AUGUSTINE COUNTERS PELAGIUS WITH THE DOCTRINE OF
    ORIGINAL SIN

26
C. NESTORIANISM
  • NESTORIUS (A.D. 386-451), OF THE ANTIOCH SCHOOL
    WHICH INTERPRETED BIBLE LITERALLY, BRIEFLY
    ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE, TAUGHT THAT JESUS
    TWO NATURES, HUMAN AND DIVINE WERE SEPARATE, DID
    NOT ACCEPT MARY AS THEOTOKOS (GOD-BEARER).
    CONDEMNED AS HERETIC AT 431 COUNCIL OF EPHESUS.
    NESTORIANS BROKE WITH ORTHODOX AND CATHOLIC
    CHURCH, SPREAD IN THE EAST, INCLUDING CHINA, A.D.
    635.

27
D. THE PRIMACY OF ROME
THE STRUCTURE OF EARLY CHRISTIAN
COMMUNITIES WHAT DOES BISHOP MEAN?
(bishop means overseer)
28
PRIMACY OF ROME IN FIRST THREE CENTURIES
  • JESUS SAYS PETER IS THE ROCK UPON WHICH CHRIST
    WILL BUILD HIS CHURCH.
  • PETERS SUCCESSORS AS BISHOPS OF ROME CAME TO
    HOLD THEMSELVES HEADS OF THE CHURCH.
  • ROMES RIVAL IS CONSTANTINOPLE, CONSECRATED BY
    CONSTANTINE, A.D. 330.

29
MANY ROMAN CATACOMBS SHOW PETER AND PAUL ON EACH
SIDE OF CHRIST BECAUSE THEY BECAME LOCAL
SAINTS, TRAVELING TO THEIR MARTYRDOMS IN ROME.
30
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31
PRIMACY OF ROME AND CONSTANTINOPLE IN FOURTH AND
FIFTH CENTURIES
  • CANON 28 OF THE COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON, A.D. 451
  • ROME IS TO REMAIN THE CAPITAL OF CHRISTIANITY,
    BUT TOGETHER WITH CONSTANTINOPLE.
  • 1054 DONATION OF CONSTANTINE GAVE ROME PRIMACY,
    EXPOSED AS 9TH CENTURY FORGERY IN RENAISSANCE

32
DATES TO REMEMBER
  • COUNCIL OF JERUSALEM, A.D. 49
  • EDICT OF TOLERANCE A.D 313
  • COUNCIL OF NICAEA A.D. 325
  • COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON A.D. 451

33
FORGERIES TO REMEMBER
  • A. 1054, DONATION OF CONSTANTINE, ROMES
    PRIMACY OF PETER. CAUSES SCHISM BETWEEN
    ORTHODOXY AND CATHOLICISM
  • B. PSEUDO-DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE, LATE
    5TH-EARLY 6TH CENTURIES, WRITING ON HIERARCHIES,
    INVENTING WORD, PRETENDS TO BE EYEWITNESS TO
    CRUCIFIXION AND HEARING ST PAUL PREACH ON
    AREOPAGUS. QUOTED BY AQUINAS 1700 TIMES

34
San Miniato
SAN MINIATO
35
ARMENIAN CHRISTIAN SLAVEAND
SOLDIER,SAINT MINIAS/MENAS, THIRD
CENTURYAFTER CHRIST.SAN MINIATO,11-12TH
CENTURY,ROMANESQUE,WOOL GUILD
ICON, BETHLEHEM
36
ARMENIAN SAINT MINIAS, HIS RELICS
37
THE ZODIAC
38
AND THE VIEW
39
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