Roman Religion disciplina Etrusca, hepatoscopy, auspices Indo-European sky god, Jupiter, numen, religio, animism, do ut des, penates Saturn (Cronos), Jupiter (Zeus), Juno (Hera), Neptune (Poseidon), Ceres (Demeter), Plutus (Hades), Vesta (Hestia),

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Roman Religiondisciplina Etrusca, hepatoscopy,
auspicesIndo-European sky god, Jupiter, numen,
religio, animism, do ut des, penates Saturn
(Cronos), Jupiter (Zeus), Juno (Hera), Neptune
(Poseidon), Ceres (Demeter), Plutus (Hades),
Vesta (Hestia), Minerva (Athena), Vulcan
(Hepahestus) , Mars (Ares), Apollo, Diana
(Artemis), Bacchus/Liber (Dionysus), Venus
(Aphrodite) Vestal virginsPontifex Maximus,
pontifices, state cults, calendar, augurs,
spirituality?April 21 753 Ab urbe
conditaRomulus and Remus, Rhea Silvia 1.274 a
queen of Trojan bloodc. 500 Roman Republic49
Caesars dictatorship44 Caesars assassination,
inheritance of Octavian31 Actium27 Octavian
becomes Augustus19 Virgils death Vergilius
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The beginning of Virgils AeneidArma virumque
cano, Troiae qui primus ab orisItaliam, fato
profugus, Laviniaque venitlitora, multum ille et
terris iactatus et altovi superum saevae memorem
Iunonis ob irammulta quoque et bello passus,
dum conderet urbem, 5inferretque
deos Latio, genus unde Latinum,Albanique patres,
atque altae moenia Romae.Musa, mihi causas
memora . . .

• Arms and the man I sing, who, first from
  frontiers
• Of Troy, by fate an exile, came to Lavinian
• Shores, that man much tossed on lands and sea by
  the violence of the gods because of the mindful
  anger of savage Juno.
• Having suffered many things also in war, until he
  founded a city and introduced his gods to latium,
  when ce come the Latin race, the Alban fathers,
  and the walls of high Rome.
• Musa, recall for me the causes . . .

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Ovid 43 BC - 17 ADequestrian family, rhetorical
training, patronage of Messalla, carmen et error
AD 8Hellenistic precursors in
metamorphosisboundaries between divine and
human, animal, plant and inanimate
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_ v v _ v v_ _ _ _ _ v v
_ _ caesuraIn nova fert animus mutatas
dicere formascorpora di, coeptis (nam vos
mutastis et illas)adspirate meis primaque ab
origine mundiad mea perpetuum deducite tempora
carmen.The spirit brings (me) to tell of forms
transformed into new bodies. Gods, for you
transformed those (forms) also, inspire my
attempts and lead a continuous song from the
earliest origin of the world down to my own
times.Dactylic hexameter, i.e. epic poetry1-5
amorous adventures of gods6-13 heroes13-15
Roman myths
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Succession Mythsan alternative version in Homer

• Iliad 14.200-207 Hera speaks
• For I am faring to visit the limits of the
  all-nurturing Earth and Oceanus, from whom the
  gods are sprung, and mother Tethys, even them
  that lovingly nursed and cherished me in their
  halls, when they had taken me from Rhea, when
  Zeus, whose voice is borne afar, thrust Kronos
  down to dwell beneath earth and the restive sea.
  205 Them am I going to visit, and will loose
  for them their endless strife, since now for a
  long time's space they hold aloof one from the
  other from the marriage-bed and from love, for
  anger has come upon their hearts. genetic

And Hesiod Theogony 116-22 the four prim/ordial
divinities First Chaos came to be, but next
wide-breasted Earth, the ever-sure foundation of
all the deathless ones who hold the peaks of
snowy Olympus, and dim Tartarus in the depth of
the wide-pathed Earth, 120 and Eros (Love),
fairest among the deathless gods, who unnerves
the limbs and overcomes the mind and wise
counsels of all gods and all men within them.
spontaneous Chaos Gaia Tartarus Eros
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Genesis 1 artificial 1 In the beginning God
created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the
earth was a formless and empty, darkness was
over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of
God was hovering over the waters. 3 And God
said, "Let there be light," and there was light.
4 God saw that the light was good, and He
separated the light from the darkness. Met. 1.8
Chaos a raw and undivided mass18 all objects
were at odds21 This strife a god, and a better
nature, solved. Who severed land from sky . . .
Gen. 1.26 Then God said, "Let us make man in
our image, in our likeness, and let them rule
over the fish of the sea and the birds of the
air, over the livestock, over all the earth, b
and over all the creatures that move along the
ground."Met. 1.76 A holier creature, of a
loftier mind, fit master for the rest, was
lacking still. Then man was made, perhaps from
seed divine formed by the great Creator, . . .
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Genesis 2.4-7When the Lord God made the earth
and the heavens and no shrub of the field had yet
appeared on the earth b and no plant of the
field had yet sprung up, for the Lord God had not
sent rain on the earth c and there was no man
to work the ground, but streams d came up from
the earth and watered the whole surface of the
ground the Lord God formed the man e from the
dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils
the breath of life, and the man became a living
being.Met. 1.82 Earth that Prometheus molded,
mixed with water, in likeness of the gods that
govern the world.
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Ages of MankindGold, Silver, Bronze, Iron1. 129
Of baser vein all evil straight broke out, and
honour fled and truth and loyaltyGigantomachy1.
150 Giants, its said, to win gods domain . . .
165 Jupiter called the gods to conclave170
here reside the great and famous, this majestic
place (to speak so bold) is heavens
Palatine.200 So when the blood of Caesar by
impious hands was spilt to expunge the name of
Rome , , , nor do you rejoice, Augustus, in your
subjects loyalty less than Jove in his.Lycaon
225 he slew a hostage sent from far Epirus,
slitting his throat, and boiled part of his flesh
. . . And bade me eat
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FloodDeucalion and Pyrrha1.411 The stones the
man had thrown were formed as menThemis,
Parnassus, Delphi, PrometheusAll other forms of
life the earth brought forth, in diverse species,
of her own accord 415
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Serpent PythoApollo and Daphne1.463 Your bow,
Apollo, may vanquish all, but mine shall vanquish
you.555 And still Apollo loved her on the
trunk he placed his hand and felt beneath the
bark . . .
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Jove and IoInachus1.655 Silent, but from your
heart so deep a sigh! A moo - all you can say- is
your reply.ArgeiphontesSyrinx,
pan-pipesEpaphus
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PhaethonClymene2.185 Would he had never touched
his fathers steeds, nor learnt his birth . . .
Phaethon, son of king Merops of Ethiopia and
Clymene, demands to drive the chariot of his real
father, the Sun. Despite warnings against it, he
takes the chariot and loses control, causing
widespread destruction. At Earths insistence,
Jupiter destroys Phaeton with lightning. 42 words
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Callisto 2.430 Jove heard and smiled, happy that
she preferred him to himself.Arcas
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Narcissus and Echo3.465 its for myself I burn
with love
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Pyramus and Thisbe

• 145 Hapless boy, . . ., your hand, your heart
  destroyed you mine, my hand, my heart are brave
  for this deed too.

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Salmacis and Hermaphroditus

• 375 Fool, fight me as you will,. . . , youll not
  escape! You gods ordain no day shall ever dawn to
  part us twain.

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Perseus and Andromeda
The son of Jove and her whom Joves golden shower
made fertile.
From their mothers blood swift-flying Pegasus
and his brother (Chrysaor) sprang.

• If you rate my thanks so low, accept a gift.
• He gazed, entranced and overcome by loveliness
  so exquisite, so rare, almost forgot to hover in
  the air.

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Rape of Proserpine
Cyane Newt Sirens
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• Arachne 6.4 I should have praise myself
• Athens naming, 80 to provide examples to
  instruct her rival what reward she should expect
  for her insensate daring
• Rhodope and Haemon, Oenoe (pygmy matron),
  Antigone, Cinyras
• Europa, Asterie, Antiope, Alcmena, Danae, Aegina,
  Mnemosyne, Proserpine . . .

6.130 In all that work of hers Pallas could
find, envy could find, no fault.
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Medea and Jason

• 7.20 One way desire, another reason calls the
  better course I see and do approve - the worse I
  follow

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Medea and Aeson

• 7.284 Medea drew her blade and slit the old
  kings throat and let the blood run out and
  filled his veins and arteries with her elixir.

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Medea and Pelias

• 7.392 But when her witchs poison had consumed
  the new wife, and the sea on either side had seen
  the royal palace all in flames , the wicked sword
  was drenched in her sons blood.

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Minos, Aeacus, and the Plague at Aegina, the
Myrmidons

• 7.625 Here, hard at work, my eyes fell on an
  endless stream of ants.

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Cephalus and Procris

• 7.835 I called again, come best and loveliest!
  A falling leaf made a slight rustle and I thought
  it was some lurking beast and hurled my javelin.

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Philemon and Baucis8.710 since in concord we
have spent our years, grant that the selfsame
hour may take us both, that I my consorts tomb
may never see, nor may it fall to bury me.