AMERICANS THROUGH THE CENTURIES

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AMERICANS THROUGHTHE CENTURIES

• PowerPoint Presentation
• By Beth Rice
• ED 608

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AMERICANS THROUGHTHE CENTURIES

• Level Fifth Grade
• Unit covers American Heritage
• Identify significant individuals from the
  regions past and explain their influence on
  people from different times and their impact on
  the cultural heritage of the United States

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OBJECTIVES

• The students will identify significant
  individuals from the
• past in North American and explain their
  contributions to
• the cultural heritage of the United States.
• After reading about individuals who represent a
  cultural
• group, the students will draw inferences about
  the
• experiences, problems, and opportunities the
  group
• encountered in the past.
• Students will use a time line to explore cause
  and effect
• relationships in the lives of famous Americans.

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FIELD TRIP TO SERPENT MOUND

• New radiocarbon dates suggest that Serpent Mound,
  a one-quarter-mile-long earthen effigy of a snake
  in south-central Ohio, was built as many as 2,000
  years later than previously thought. The effigy
  had been attributed to the Adena culture
  (1000-100 B.C.) based on the presence of Adena
  burials nearby. The Adena people, who lived in an
  area stretching from the Midwest to the Atlantic
  coast, collected and began domesticating plants,
  improved methods of food storage, and buried
  their dead in mounds.

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FIELD TRIP MATERIALS

• Permission slips signed by parents
• Packed lunches and drinks
• Notebook and pen or pencil
• Cameras (Optional)

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RELATED WEB SITES

• http//www.radiotheatre.com/product/squanto/
• http//www.mayflowerfamilies.com/colonial_life/pil
  grims.htm
• http//www.siec.k12.in.us/west/proj/lincoln/
• http//www.ushistory.org/franklin/index.htm
• http//www.unitedstates-on-line.com/

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AMERICANS THROUGHTHE CENTURIES
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NATIVE AMERICANS

• Squanto acted as a guide and interpreter for
  European settlers in what is now Massachusetts,
  helping them explore and survive in the new
  territories in North America. He first aided the
  starving Pilgrims at Plymouth Colony in 1621,
  teaching them rudimentary fishing and
  agriculture. A year later, Squanto became ill and
  died while guiding members of the new
  Massachusetts government around Cape Cod.

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NATIVE AMERICANS

• The land was very different before the Puritan
  colonists came to settle the land. According to
  records of what Squanto told colonists, there
  were about 2000 Indians living in Plymouth before
  the English came, brought diseases and pushed
  them off their land. The population of the
  surrounding area in contact with the Patuxet was
  between twenty to twenty-five thousand native
  inhabitants.

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CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

• Cristóbal Colón
• Italian mariner and navigator widely believed to
  be the first European to sail across the Atlantic
  Ocean and successfully land on the American
  continent. Born Cristoforo Colombo, between
  August and October 1451, in Genoa, Italy.

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PILGRIMS COMING TO AMERICA

• The English ship, the Mayflower carried the
  Separatist Puritans, later known as pilgrims, to
  Plymouth, Mass., in 1620. The 180-ton vessel was
  about 12 years old.

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PILGRIM SETTLERS

• The Mayflower remained in New England with the
  colonists throughout the terrible first winter.
  Although the ship was cold, damp and unheated, it
  did provide a defense against the rigorous New
  England winter until houses could be completed
  ashore. Nevertheless, exposure, malnutrition and
  illness led to the death of half the group, both
  passengers and crewmen.

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WILLIAM BRADFORD

• Bradford, William (1590-1657), one of the pilgrim
  leaders and American colonial governors was born
  in England. Bradford sailed on the Mayflower in
  1620, and after his arrival in America he helped
  found Plymouth Colony. In April 1621 he succeeded
  Governor John Carver as chief executive of
  Plymouth Colony. Except for five years, Bradford
  served as governor almost continuously from 1621
  through 1656, having been reelected 30 times. In
  1621 he negotiated a treaty with Massasoit, the
  chief of the Wampanoag tribe. Under the treaty,
  Massasoit disavowed Native American claims to the
  Plymouth area and pledged peace with the
  colonists. The first Thanksgiving Day celebration
  in New England was organized by Bradford in 1621.

This chair is thought to have belonged to William
Bradford
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WILLIAM PENN

• William Penn lived from 1644-1718. He was an
  English Quaker and the founder of the colony of
  Pennsylvania.
• In 1681 Penn obtained from the Crown, in payment
  for a debt owed to his father, a grant of
  territory in North America. With several friends,
  he sailed for America in September 1682, and in
  October he signed a 'Great Treaty' with various
  Delaware chiefs at the village of Shackamaxon.
  He planned and named the city of Philadelphia,
  and for two years he governed the colony wisely
  and well.

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BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

• Benjamin Franklin lived from 1706 to 1790. He
  was an American printer, author, diplomat,
  philosopher, and scientist, whose many
  contributions to the cause of the American
  Revolution (1775-1783), and the newly formed
  federal government that followed, rank him among
  the country's greatest statesmen.

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FRANKLINS CONTRIBUTIONS
Poor Richards Almanack
Glass Harmonica Note the varying sizes of the
glasses used
ODOMETER
Franklin Stove
Bifocals
Lightning Bolt
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GEORGE WASHINGTON

• George Washington was commander in chief of the
  Continental army during the American Revolution
  and first president of the United States
  (1789-97).

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THOMAS JEFFERSON

• Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the
  United States, from 1801 to 1809. As a member of
  the Continental Congress (1775-1776), Jefferson
  was chosen in 1776 to draft the Declaration of
  Independence. As a public official--legislator,
  diplomat, and executive--he served the province
  and commonwealth of Virginia and the young
  American republic almost 40 years.
• He acquired the vast province of Louisiana and
  maintained neutrality in a world of war. He was
  hailed as the "Man of the People," because he
  sought to conduct the government in the popular
  interest, rather than in the interest of any
  privileged group, and, insofar as possible, in
  accordance with the people's will.

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HARRIET TUBMAN

• Harriet Tubman was born around 1820 and died in
  1913. She was a slave who escaped in 1849 and
  became one of the most successful conductors on
  the Underground Railroad. She led more than 300
  slaves to freedom, forcing the timid ahead with a
  loaded revolver. She was a friend of the
  principal abolitionists, and John Brown probably
  confided his Harpers Ferry plan to her. In the
  Civil War, Harriet Tubman attached herself to the
  Union forces in coastal South Carolina, serving
  as a nurse, laundress, and spy.

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SOJOURNER TRUTH

• Born into slavery in New York as Isabella Van
  Wagener, her mystic experiences took her into
  preaching. In 1843, she took the name Sojourner
  Truth. In the late 1840s she connected with the
  abolitionist movement, becoming a popular
  speaker. In 1850, she also began speaking on
  woman suffrage. Her most famous speech, Aint I a
  Woman?, was presented in 1851 at a women's rights
  convention in Ohio.
• During the Civil War she raised food and clothing
  contributions for black regiments, and met
  Abraham Lincoln at the White House in 1864.
• After the War ended, she again spoke widely,
  advocating for some time a "Negro State" in the
  west. She spoke mainly to white audiences, and
  mostly on religion, "Negro" and women's rights,
  and on temperance.

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ABRAHAM LINCOLN

• Abraham Lincoln was born Sunday, February 12,
  1809, in a log cabin in Kentucky. His father was
  a carpenter and farmer. Both of Abraham's parents
  were members of a Baptist congregation which had
  separated from another church due to opposition
  to slavery.
• As Abraham grew up, he loved to read and was
  constantly borrowing books from the neighbors.
• Lincoln moved to New Salem, Illinois, where he
  lived until 1837. He impressed the residents with
  his character, wrestled the town bully, and
  earned the nickname "Honest Abe." Lincoln made an
  unsuccessful run for the Illinois legislature in
  1832. He ran again in 1834, 1836, 1838, and 1840,
  and he won all 4 times. (Lincoln was a member of
  the Whig Party he remained a Whig until 1856
  when he became a Republican. Additionally, he
  studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer
  in 1836.
• He was our sixteenth President from 1861-1865.

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WILLIAM E. B. DU BOIS

• W.E.B. Du Bois was the first African American to
  receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University (1896).
  He was a respected sociologist and historian, but
  he exerted his greatest influence as a strategist
  in the early civil rights movement. In 1905,
  rejecting those who claimed that full equality
  for African Americans must come gradually, Du
  Bois became a founder of the Niagara Movement,
  which called for an end to racial discrimination
  immediately. Four years later, he helped to found
  the National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People and for many years served as
  editor of its magazine, The Crisis.

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ORVILLE WILBUR WRIGHT

• Wilbur Wright was born April 16, 1867. Orville
  was born in Dayton, Ohio, on Aug. 19, 1871. Their
  father, Bishop Milton Wright of the United
  Brethren Church, settled permanently in Dayton
  about 1884. Neither Wilbur nor Orville received
  a high school diploma, and their formal schooling
  was interrupted by their interest in practical
  affairs, first a printing business and later,
  beginning in 1892, their bicycle shop. In their
  spare time, they read technical articles and
  books, and their interest in aeronautics
  gradually increased. Their first glider
  experiments were conducted at Kitty Hawk, N.C.,
  in 1900, and they tested their second glider
  there in 1901. They made the first man-carrying
  powered flights in history on December 17, 1903.

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SUSAN B. ANTHONY

• Susan B. Anthony was born in 1820. Her first
  involvement in the world of reform was in the
  temperance movement. This was one of the first
  expressions of original feminism in the United
  States and it dealt with the abuses of women and
  children who suffered from alcoholic husbands.
  She later went to Syracuse to attend a series of
  antislavery meetings and met Elizabeth Cady
  Stanton. They became fast friends and she
  joined Stanton and Amelia Bloomer in campaigns
  for women's rights. In 1854, she devoted herself
  to the antislavery movement. In 1872, Susan
  demanded that women be given the same civil and
  political rights that had been extended to black
  males under the 14th and 15th amendments. She was
  arrested for leading a group of women to the
  polls in Rochester to test the right of women to
  vote. Although Anthony did not live to see women
  having the right to vote, the establishment of
  the 19th amendment is deeply owed to her efforts.

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CHARLES LINDBERGH

• Charles Lindberghs first solo trans-Atlantic
  flight in 1927 made history. In 1936, Lindbergh
  foresaw Hitler's threat and warned America to arm
  itself. He flew 50 combat missions over the
  Pacific, wrote five books, and won a Pulitzer in
  1954.

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ROSA PARKS

• Rosa Lee Parks was born in 1913. She had a firm
  and quiet strength to change things that were
  unjust. She served as secretary of the NAACP and
  later Adviser to the NAACP Youth Council, and
  tried to register to vote on several occasions
  when it was still nearly impossible to do so.
  Mrs. Parks was the catalyst in the Montgomery
  boycott, the first public confrontation which
  brought the name of Martin Luther King, Jr., into
  the ears of America.

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DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.

• Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15,
  1929 at his family home in Atlanta, Georgia.
  King was an eloquent Baptist minister and leader
  of the civil-rights movement in America from the
  Mid-1950s until his death by assassination in
  1968. King promoted non-violent means to achieve
  civil-rights reform and was awarded the 1964
  Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.

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Colin L. Powell

• Colin L. Powell is the first black Secretary of
  State in U.S. history. He was born in 1937 and
  is a retired United States Army General He was
  appointed National Security Adviser to President
  Ronald Reagan in 1987. Promoted to the rank of
  four-star general in April 1989, Powell was named
  chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under
  George Bush Senior, the youngest man and the
  first black officer to hold the nation's highest
  military post.

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STUDENT ASSIGNMENT

• The famous Americans previously shown are on your
  PowerPoint handout. You have a handout of the
  following time-line. Insert the famous
  Americans names on the time-line where they
  would fit in chronological order.

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CHRONOLOGY OF DOCUMENTS
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CHRONOLOGY CONTINUED
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CHRONOLOGY CONTINUED
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CHRONOLOGY CONTINUED
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CHRONOLOGY CONTINUED
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CHRONOLOGY CONTINUED
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ASSIGNMENT

• Choose one person or group from the previous
  slides and create your own time-line of the
  events that occurred relevant to that person or
  group.

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ASSIGNMENT

• Pretend you are a newspaper reporter transformed
  to the period of one of the above people or
  groups. Write a newspaper article about the
  events that are occurring relevant to that person
  or group.

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ASSIGNMENT

• In computer lab, go onto one of the websites
  shown on your presentation handout. In small
  groups each student will rate a website from 1 to
  10 (10 being the best score) and tell why he or
  she rated it so.