AP World History II Review The Delhi Sultanate The Gupta

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Delhi Sultanate, Heian Japan, and the Mongols

• AP World History II Review

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The Delhi Sultanate

• The Gupta Empire collapses in 550 CE
• Muslim forces enter the subcontinent in the 700s
• After the capture of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate
  is born (1206-1526)
• Part of the Abbassid Caliphate, until its fall in
  1258
• Major impactintroduction of Islam into India

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Delhi Sultanate

• Members of lower Hindu castes found Islam to be
  favorable
• Egalitarian nature
• Unsuccessful at achieving a mass base of support
• Did not displace Hinduism or Buddhism
• Sultanate grew throughout the mid-1300s, but
  shrank after the conquest of TIMUR in 1398.

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The Mongols

• Mongols (Tatars/Tartars)
• Steppe diplomacy/cultural borrowing from other
  central Asian groups
• By 1206 the Mongols were united under one ruler
• Temujin, or Genghis Khan
• Chinggis
• Chingiz
• Jenghiz

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The Mongols

• Mongol conquests begin in 1211
• China Conquest by 1215
• Genghis Khans death in 1227
• Empire extended from Northern China to Eastern
  Persia
• Success was due to military adeptness
• Horsemanship
• Catapult, gunpowder, cannons, flaming arrows and
  battering rams

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The Mongols

• What did they want?
• To collect tribute
• Didnt care too much about religion
• Ogodei (great-grandson) continues expansion
• Defeats the Song in 1260
• 1237-1240 conquered most of Russia and Ukraine
• 1240-1242 Most of Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria
• Ogodei dies in 1241

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The Mongols

• Ogodei builds a new capital at Karakorum
• Led by Hulegu, the Mongols invade the Middle East
  in the 1250s toppling the Abbassids by 1258.
• Advanced until 1260 when stopped by a Mamluk army

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The Mongols

• At its zenith, the empire controlled from Poland
  to Korea and from Siberia to Vietnam
• Encouraged economic trade
• Imposed a single political authority
• Silk road flourished
• Semi-unification of Eurasia is known as Pax
  Mongolica

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The Mongols

• One can conquer an Empire on horseback, but one
  cannot govern that empire from Horseback
• 1260 Khan Mongke dies, civil war
• Breakup into the 4 Khanates
• Kublai Khan gets Mongolia, China, and areas to
  the east
• The Golden Horde rules over Russia until the mid
  1400s
• The Il-Khan Mongols convert to Islam and rule
  much of the Middle East until the rise of the
  Ottoman Turks in the 1300s
• The Jagadai Khanate ruled over Central Asia well
  into the 1400s and converts to Islam

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The Mongols

• Jagadai Khan TIMUR (aka Tamerlane) rose up
  between 1370 and 1405 to RECONQUER the lands of
  Genghis Khan (his ancestor), but was killed in
  battle.
• He did conquer Central Asia, Persia, northern
  India (Delhi), southern Russia and parts of the
  Middle East

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Effects of Mongols on Russia

• Tributary Empire known as the Golden Horde
• Serfdom arose for peasants who needed protection
  from Mongols
• Moscow benefits by collecting the tribute
• Mongols keeps Russia culturally isolated from
  Western European developments

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Mongols in China

• Kublai Khan administers empire as the YUAN
  Dynasty (replaced in 1368 by the Ming)
• No intermarriage
• No civil service exams
• Religious toleration
• Mongol women had more freedom than Chinese women
• Foreigners were welcome (Marco Polo)
• Suppression of piracy
• Conquests of Japan in 1274 and 1280

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Heian Japan

• 600s Japans imperial family, the Yamato, ruled
  from Nara
• Late 700s move to Heian (kyoto)
• The Heian period (794-1185) is a classical golden
  age in premodern Japanese History
• The emperor was seen to be the descendent of
  Japans Shinto gods, and was sacred.
• However, it fell upon families to protect the
  emperor (chancellor)

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Heian Japan

• 858 onward Ruling family was the Fujiwara clan
• Literary greats
• Poetry
• Chinese influenceTang
• After 1000---more independent forms of art
• Taira-Minamoto war (1156-1185) was won by the
  Minamoto

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Feudal Japan

• Capital moved by the Minamoto to Kamakura
• Real power belonged to the Shogun (great general)
• Kamakura Shogunate (1185-1333)
• Ashikaga Shogunate (1336-1573)
• Feudal systems in which the Shogun shared power
  with the Daimyo (landowning warlords)
• Samurai/Bushido