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Bureaucracy

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Bureaucracy Brief Edition Texas Bureaucracy Very similar but more heads are elected Ex. Tx RR Commission, State Board of Educ, Land Commission, Sunset Laws every ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Bureaucracy


1
Bureaucracy
  • Brief Edition

2
Bureaucracy
  • Essential to running a government

3
Bureaucracy
  • Large complex organization that implements policy
    and/or laws
  • Power to make regulations in order to implement
    laws.
  • Regulation have force of law
  • Quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial functions
    make and rule on regs

4
Bureaucratic officials
  • Past patronage friends given governmental
    jobs whether qualified or not
  • Garfields assassination by office-seeker led to
    Pendleton Act or Civil Service Reform Act
  • Changed civil service to a merit or competitive
    system testing and interview system to determine
    competence for job prior to hiring
  • Only 3 appointed by Pres today to facilitate
    policymaking and politically sensitive posts
  • Ex. Cabinet, subcabinet, ambassadors, Noncareer
    exec assignments (outsider brought in to a high
    level)

5
Bureaucratic officials
  • Hatch Act cannot work on political campaigns on
    the job or off,
  • Purpose to remove civil servants from political
    pressure
  • Reforms
  • now can run for political office if nonpartisan
    position
  • Can electioneer but not on govt time or equipment

6
Model of Bureaucracy
  • Max Webers characteristics
  • Hierarchy of authority
  • Specialized jobs
  • Explicit rules standardization of procedures
    for efficiency
  • Consequence not warm and fuzzy cold and
    unfeeling of individuals problems
  • Merit in hiring and promotions

7
Types of bureaus
  • Agency majority of enforcement bureaus
  • Also Office, administration, bureau,
  • Independent Executive Agencies
  • Indep of Cabinet dept but with a narrower policy
    focus
  • Head apptd by Pres and serve at his will
  • Ex. NASA, CIA, EEOC, NEA, OPM, Selective Service
    Sys, SSA, Sm Bus Adm, Natl Sci Found, Ofc of Govt
    Ethics

8
  • Independent Regulatory boards and commissions
  • Regulate various businesses, industries and
    economic sectors
  • Head apptd by Pres (confirmed by Senate) and
    cannot be removed except thru impeachment
  • Ex. FCC, Fed Labor Rel Auth, FTC (trade), FDA,
    NLRB, NRC(nukes), OSHA, SEC
  • Govt Corporations
  • Provides good/service that private enterprise
    cannot provide profitably
  • Ex. FDIC, Amtrak (Natl RR Passenger Corp),
    TVA, USPS, Fed Crop Ins Corp, Export-Import
    Bank

9
Iron triangles or subgovernments
  • 3 parts

Bureau / agency
Congressional comtee
Interest group(s)
10
Iron Triangle
11
Issue Networks
  • Complex system of relationships betw groups that
    influence policy including
  • Elected officials
  • Interest groups
  • Specialists
  • Consultants
  • Research institutes / think tanks
  • Bureaucratic agencies

12
Congressional check on bureaucracy
  • Creates and can abolish agency
  • Change jurisdiction
  • Power of the purse budget appropriations
  • Oversight function public hearings
  • Legislative veto
  • Clarify laws
  • Confirms heads of dept
  • Protect public employees who reveal incompetence,
    mismanagement or corruption (whistleblowers)
  • Enact revolving door restrictions to reduce or
    eliminate movement of former emplees to private
    sector jobs over which they had regulatory
    authority

13
Legislative veto
  • A requirement that an executive decision must lie
    before Congress for a specified period (usually
    30 or 90 days) before it takes effect. Congress
    could then veto the decision thru a resolution of
    disapproval passed by one or both houses.
  • Such resolution did not require Pres signature
  • When House or Senate vetoes a bureaus regs
  • Unconstl since INS v. Chadha (1983)
  • Reality check still do it, if agency complains
    may cut budget, etc

14
Executive check
  • Appts heads of dept and key agencies
  • Executive orders
  • Executive signing statements
  • Budget proposal
  • Cannot impound (freeze) funds already
    appropriated
  • Can enlarge or decrease budget as needed to fit
    his policy agenda (re State of Union goals)

15
Texas Bureaucracy
  • Very similar but more heads are elected
  • Ex. Tx RR Commission, State Board of Educ, Land
    Commission,
  • Sunset Laws every non-constitutionally created
    agency must submit formal review/evaluation prior
    to legislature's renewal
  • Sunshine Act aka Open Meeting laws all govt
    entities must hold meetings where public may
    attend and listen (may speak only if followed
    rules for being on meetings agenda)
  • includes neighborhood Home Owners associations,
    school boards, etc
  • Exception firing of personnel (due to slander
    and libel laws) and possible court proceedings
    (not give evidence away)
  • All agencies follow Administrative Procedural Act

16
And the answer is ..
  • 1. The governors two main constitutional powers
    over the legislature are
  • The veto and the ability to form committees.
  • The ability to form committees and the ability to
    call a special session.
  • The ability to call a special session and the
    veto.
  • The ability to form committees and the ability to
    fast-track a bill to the floor.

17
  • 2. The lieutenant governor
  • Though an executive officer, has primarily
    legislative powers.
  • Though a legislative office, has primarily
    executive powers.
  • Has more executive powers than the governor.
  • Is usually selected to balance the governors
    ticket.

18
  • 3. A personnel system in which public employees
    are selected for government jobs through
    competitive examinations and are systematically
    evaluated after being hired is known as
  • A. Political patronage.
  • B. The spoils system.
  • C. The merit system.
  • D. The revolving door.

19
  • 4. The fragmented system of authority under which
    most statewide executive officeholders are
    elected independently of the Texas governor is
    known as
  • A dual executive.
  • A unitary system.
  • The plural executive.
  • Political patronage.

20
  • 5. A term describing the practice of former
    employees of Texas agencies leaving state
    government for more lucrative jobs with
    industries they used to regulate is
  • Whistleblower.
  • Revolving door.
  • Sunset employment.
  • Discretionary employment.

21
Answers
  • 1. Call a special session and the veto.
  • 2. Executive officer with primarily legislative
    powers.
  • 3. Merit system
  • 4. Plural executive
  • 5. Revolving door
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