1. Welcome Our Speakers

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Over wintering Nursery Plant In Northeast Ohio

• 1. Welcome Our Speakers
• 2. Pre Winter Preparation fertility programs,
  spacing, spraying,watering, rodent control
• 3. Covering
• type of plastic, holding plastic down,rodent
  control, labor(when to cover)
• 4. Winter protection
• water, doors ?, shading, inner liners?
• 5. Uncovering (frost and freeze )
• irrigation, venting and removing plastic,
  disposal of plastic

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Summary of Over wintering

• Pre winter care spacing , fertilizer, pruning
• Cover Type of plastic, poly vs clear, Tie
  downs, Doors,
• Rodent Control
• Disease control
• Winter watering
• Uncovering

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When Do We Cover

• Suggest Guidelines are
• First Frost Date (F-Date) 30 to 45 days
• Ohio my first frost is October 15
• Cover between November 15-30

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Covering Check List .

• Soak all stock one to two days before covering.
• Make sure all plants are dormant before covering
• The ground should be well drained and free or
  organic debris
• Wet plants due to rain, snow ,dew or frost should
  not be covered
• Apply a fungicide spray just before covering
• Rodent bait should be place 25-50 feet apart .

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Covering Check List

• If material is laid flat ,be sure the tops are
  facing south to cover the roots.
• The closer plants can be consolidated the less
  heat is lost . Be sure plants dont touch the
  plastic.
• Be sure there are no openings under the plastic
  here rodents or wind can enter the structure.
• Be sure the plastic is pulled tight and applied
  in as warm a condition as possible

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When Do We Uncover ?

• Suggested Guidelines Are
• Last frost date in the Spring (F-Date) 30 to
  45 days.
• April 30 is our F- Date in Ohio
• We will uncover between March 16 and 31

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Fertilizer Use and Over wintering.

• Plants need to be acclimated
• Root hardiness
• Proper cultural practices to get there
• Whether suitable conditions have
  been achieved
  before covering

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Fertilizer Use and Over wintering

• Question to ask
• Where plants over or under fertilized
• Late fall fertility practices
• September plants should stop growing
• Cover as late as possible to assure shut down
• Stop fertilizer in mid summer and stress plants

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How and What Do You Spray
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What Fungicides should Be Considered?

• Depends on
• Crop
• Stage of growth
• Diseases to control
• Length of control
• What your irrigation patterns are
• Are you using additives

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• Mancozeb
• Chlorothalonil
• Decree
• Iprodiene
• Lime Sulfur
• Copper

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Plant spacing
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Pits used to protect plants
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Rodent Control
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Meadow Mouse/Vole
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Vole Damage
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Vole Trails
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Vole ID

• A.K.A as the meadow mouse, prairie mouse and pine
  mouse. All different species. Quick ID based on
  tail length.
• Pine vole tail length about same length as the
  hind foot.
• Meadow and Prairie Vole tail length about TWICE
  the length as hind foot.

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Vole Biology

• Live 2-16 months
• 3-12 litters/year/with 6 young
• Can reproduce at 3months age
• Range ¼ acre
• Population 15- 500/acre
• Peaks every 3-5 years per food, dispersal,
  climate, predators, physiological stress

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Vole Life

• Hide in Field Buffer Strips
• Feed Day and Night on Plant Material
• Favor High areas that are vegetated
• Vegetated areas decrease predators success by
  hawks, owls, fox, coyotes, skunks,snakes.

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Vole Signs

• CAUTION VOLES CROSSING
• 1-2 inch wide SURFACE runways
• 1/16-1/8 inch gnaw marks at base and ROOTS
• Visual sighting
• Hawks often above,cats,other predators
• Spring Growth Poor/stressed

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Vole Management

• Reduce weeds, grass in Nursery and deep mulches
  in landscapes
• Avoid prunings on ground in fall
• For Nursery SitesPoison baits based on Zinc
  Phosphide (ZnP), Phosgene gas is what kills Voles
• Use care to prevent secondary poisoning
• Baits can absorb thru skin

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Vole Lower Bark Injury
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The Survey Says

• At least the one in Western PA by Iles
• Factors for most plant death in perennials
• Too Wet 44
• Too Dry 15
• Over winter too late 3
• Disease 18
• Animal Damage 47

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Rabbit Damage
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Rabbit Damage
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Rabbit/Deer Damage
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Rabbit Biology

• Live about a year
• 5 or so survive the winter to reproduce
• Up to 6 litters/year with 6 per litter
• Gestation 28 days
• 20 acre range

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Rabbit Management

• Controls work best in Winter when they are not
  reproducing
• Seek Favorable Brushy areas
• Seek natural cavities to shelter
• Encourage natural predators
• Manipulate Habitat, Trap, shoot, plant
  protectants, Chemical repellants, exclude.

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Deer Damage
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Deer Biology

• Seasonal Breeders..Oct-Dec
• 40 of fawns breed first year
• 100 of 1yr does breed every year
• 1-2 even 3 fawns
• Are browsers of shrubs, vines small trees
• Look for shredded feeding

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Deer Damage
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Deer Damage/Fence
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Products Available

• Voles,mice
• ZP Rodent Bait AG 2 Zinc Phosphide by Bell
  Labs
• Prozap Zinc Phosphide Oat Bait by HACCO
• Eaton Bait Blocks
• Ramik Brown
• DEER. RABBITS, Rodents Spotrete F a Thiram
  fungicide for turf with nursery notation. Label
  notes to add latex sticker
• Bonide Deer and Rabbit Repellent a mix of
  putrescent whole eggs,garlic and capsaicin. Label
  claims 3 months

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Overwintering Nursery Plant In Northeast Ohio

• 1. Welcome Our Speakers
• 2. Pre Winter Preparation fertility programs,
  spacing, spraying,watering, rodent control
• 3. Covering
• type of plastic, holding plastic down,rodent
  control, labor(when to cover)
• 4. Winter protection
• water, doors ?, shading, inner liners?
• 5. Uncovering (frost and freeze )
• irrigation, venting and removing plastic,
  disposal of plastic

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Failed winter structures
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Extra supports or keep snow off houses
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Covering winter structures
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Clamps and poly carb ends , tight plastic
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Rodent control ?
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Overwintering Nursery Plant In Northeast Ohio

• 1. Welcome Our Speakers
• 2. Pre Winter Preparation fertility programs,
  spacing, spraying,watering, rodent control
• 3. Covering
• type of plastic, holding plastic down,rodent
  control, labor(when to cover)
• 4. Winter protection
• water, doors ?, shading, inner liners?
• 5. Uncovering (frost and freeze )
• irrigation, venting and removing plastic,
  disposal of plastic

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Water ?
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Inner liners
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Doors
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Overwintering Nursery Plant In Northeast Ohio

• 1. Welcome Our Speakers
• 2. Pre Winter Preparation fertility programs,
  spacing, spraying,watering, rodent control
• 3. Covering
• type of plastic, holding plastic down,rodent
  control, labor(when to cover)
• 4. Winter protection
• water, doors ?, shading, inner liners?
• 5. Uncovering (frost and freeze )
• irrigation, venting and removing plastic,
  disposal of plastic

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Disposal of Plastic
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Winter Injury ( how do you detect it?)
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Protection
woodlot
mulch
windbreaks
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Wire used to keep rodents out. Must be buried in
the ground
Corn use to feed animals on perimeters of the
nursery
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Bark Crack
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Willoway greenhouses
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