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Common Childhood Illness

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Common Childhood Illness Chicken Pox A person with chickenpox is contagious 1-2 days before the rash and until 6 days after the first blister appears. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Common Childhood Illness


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Common Childhood Illness
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Chicken Pox
  • A person with chickenpox is contagious 1-2 days
    before the rash and until 6 days after the first
    blister appears. Children should stay away from
    school or childcare facilities throughout this
    contagious period. Adults with chickenpox who
    work amongst children, should also remain at
    home.
  • It can take from 10-21 days after contact with an
    infected person for someone to develop
    chickenpox. This is how long it takes for the
    virus to replicate and come out in the
    characteristic rash in the new host.

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Chicken Pox
  • Chickenpox is highly contagious and is easily
    spread from person to person by breathing in
    airborne respiratory droplets from an infected
    person's coughing or sneezing or through direct
    contact with the fluid from the open sores. A
    person who is not immune to the virus has a
    70-80 chance of being infected with the virus if
    exposed in the early stages of the disease.

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Shingles
  • Reactivation of Herpes Zoster

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Herpes Simplex
  • Cold sores

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Molluscum Contagiosum
  • Viral infection
  • No reccomendation to be kept away from school, or
    from activities such as swimming.

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Fifth Disease
  • Fifth disease is a common childhood infection
    causing a slapped cheek appearance and a rash.
  • Fifth disease is caused by a virus. It most
    commonly affects young children and often occurs
    in several members of the family or school class.
    Thirty percent of infected individuals have no
    symptoms.
  • Infective from 14 days before and ceasing at the
    onset of the rash.
  • No recommendation to keep away from school once
    well

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Impetigo
  • Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection. It is
    often called school sores because it most often
    affects children. It is quite contagious

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  • During the infectious stage, i.e. while the
    impetigo is oozing or crusted
  • Cover the affected areas.
  • Avoid close contact with others.
  • Affected children must stay away from school
    until crusts have dried out.
  • Use separate towels and flannels.
  • Change and launder clothes and linen daily.

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Viral Warts
  • No recommendation to keep away from school or
    activities.

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  • Warts are tumours or growths of the skin caused
    by infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
    More than 70 HPV subtypes are known.
  • Warts are particularly common in childhood and
    are spread by direct contact or autoinocculation.
    This means if a wart is scratched, the viral
    particles may be spread to another area of skin.
    It may take as long as twelve months for the wart
    to first appear.

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  • In children, even without treatment, 50 of warts
    disappear within 6 months 90 are gone in 2
    years. They are more persistent in adults but
    they clear up eventually.
  • Many people don't bother to treat them because
    treatment can be more uncomfortable and
    troublesome than the warts - they are hardly ever
    a serious problem. However, warts may be painful
    and they often look ugly and cause embarrassment.
  • Treatment
  • Occlusion
  • Chemical treatment.
  • Cryotherapy

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Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
  • Hand foot and mouth disease is a common mild and
    short-lasting condition most often affecting
    young children during the summer months.
  • Hand-foot-and-mouth is due to a viral infection,
    usually Coxsackie virus. It is very infectious,
    so several members of the family or a school
    class may be affected.

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  • After an incubation period of 3 to 5 days, the
    infection results in flat small blisters on the
    hands and feet, and oral ulcers. These are
    sometimes painful, so the child eats little and
    frets. There may be a mild fever.
  • No recommended period to be off school once well

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Sunburn
  • Prevention rather than cure!
  • Simple mosturisers or aftersun lotions and pain
    relief.
  • See GP or casualty if severe.

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Conjunctivitis
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Allergic
  • For Infective conjnctivitis
  • No recommended period to keep child off school
    once well

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Scabies
  • Exclude from school until treated

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Tinea
  • Fungal infection.
  • Presents differently in different areas of the
    body.
  • Athletes foot
  • Ringworm
  • Scalp ringworm

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  • Scalp ringworm is most commonest between 3 and 7
    years of age. It is slightly more common in boys
    than girls.
  • Some infections are more common in crowded living
    conditions. The fungus can contaminate
    hairbrushes, clothing, towels and the backs of
    seats. The spores are long lived and can infect
    another individual months later.
  • Zoophilic infections are due to direct contact
    with an infected animal and are not generally
    passed from one person to another.

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Threadworms
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Thread worms
  • Main symptom is itch.
  • Treat all members of the household, even if no
    symptoms. (1/3 of infections asymptomatic)
  • Hygiene measures required even after treatment to
    prevent reinfection. Handwashing, short nails,
    discourage thumb sucking, cleaning bedlinen and
    bathrooms.
  • Humans are the only host for threadworms

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  • http//www.nhs.uk/conditions/gastroenteritis/Pages
    /Introduction.aspx?urlPages/Overview.aspx
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