Update on the NIST Smart Grid Standardization Efforts

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Update on the NIST Smart Grid Standardization
Efforts
Nada Golmie National Institute of Standards and
Technology November 16, 2009
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The NIST Role
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of
2007 Title XIII, Section 1305. Smart Grid
Interoperability Framework

• In cooperation with the DoE and other
  stakeholders, NIST has primary responsibility to
  coordinate development of a framework that
  includes protocols and model standards for
  information management to achieve
  interoperability of smart grid devices and
  systems

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Outline

• Smart Grid Interoperability Panel
• NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid
  Interoperability Standards
• Priority Action Plan for IP PAP1
• Priority Action Plan for Wireless Communications
  PAP2
• Application communication requirements

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NIST Three Phase Plan
PHASE 1 Engage stakeholders in a participatory
public process to identify applicable standards,
gaps in currently available standards and
priorities for new standardization activities
PHASE 2 Establish a formal standards panel to
drive longer-term progress.
Public review and comments
PHASE 3 Develop and implement a framework for
testing and certification
(Draft) Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid
Interoperability Standards ( Release 1.0)
(Final) Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid
Interoperability Standards ( Release 1.0)
2010
November
2009
March
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Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) Vision

• Public-private partnership to support NIST EISA
  responsibility
• Open, transparent body
• Representation from all smart grid stakeholder
  groups
• Open to any materially interested stakeholder
  organizations
• Not dominated by any one group
• SGIP does not directly develop or write standards
• Stakeholders participate in the ongoing
  coordination, acceleration and harmonization of
  standards development. 
• Reviews use cases, identifies requirements, coordi
  nates conformance testing, and proposes action
  plans for achieving these goals.

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SGIP Structure
NIST Oversight
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel and Governing
Board
Products (IKB)
Smart Grid Identified Standards
SGIPGB
SGIP
Stakeholder Category Members (22)
One Organization,One Vote
Priority Action Plans
SGIPStanding Committee Members (2)
Use Cases
At large Members (3)
Requirements
Working Groups
Standing Committees
Standards Descriptions
Ex Officio (non-voting) Members
Conceptual Model
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SGIP Stakeholder Categories
12 Power equipment manufacturers and vendors
13 Professional societies, users groups, trade associations and industry consortia
14 RD organizations and academia
15 Relevant Federal Government Agencies
16 Renewable Power Producers
17 Retail Service Providers
18 Standard and specification development organizations (SDOs)
19 State and local regulators
20 Testing and Certification Vendors
21 Transmission operators and Independent System Operators
22 Venture Capital
1 Appliance and consumer electronics providers
2 Commercial and Industrial equipment manufacturers and automation vendors
3 Consumers Residential, Commercial and Industrial
4 Electric transportation industry Stakeholders
5 Electric utility companies Investor Owned Utilities (IOU) and Publicly Owned Utilities
6 Electric utility companies - Municipal (MUNI)
7 Electric utility companies - Rural Electric Association (REA)
8 Electricity and financial market traders (includes aggregators)
9 Independent power producers
10 Information and communication technologies (ICT) Infrastructure and Service Providers
11 Information technology (IT) application developers and integrators
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SGIP Governing Board Vision

• Maintains a broad perspective of the NIST
  Interoperability Framework and supports NIST
• Provides guidance and tools that make it an
  impartial and practical resource for SG
  stakeholders
• Members representing a broad community based on
  breadth of experience and involvement
• Each stakeholder category has a position on
  Governing Board
• Additional at-large and ex-officio members
• Nominating committee process in steady state
• Consensus is a core value
• All legitimate views and proposals are considered
• Voting mechanisms to be defined

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First Phase Initial Output NIST Framework and
Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability
Standards, Release 1.0

• A conceptual reference model to facilitate design
  of an architecture for the Smart Grid overall and
  for each of its networked domains
• An initial set of standards
• Priorities for additional standards necessary to
  resolve important gaps and to assure the
  interoperability, reliability, and security of
  Smart Grid components and
• Action plans for responding to short-term and
  long-term needs for standards, including
  recommended timetables and identification of
  necessary collaborative relationships with
  standards development organizations (SDOs) with
  expertise in Smart Grid domains or technology
  areas

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Smart Grid Priority Action Plans Target Date
Smart meter upgradeability standard completed
Common specification for price and product definition early 2010
Common scheduling mechanism for energy transactions year-end 2009
Common information model for distribution grid management year-end 2010
Standard demand response signals January 2010
Standard for energy use information January 2010
IEC 61850 Objects / DNP3 Mapping 2010
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Smart Grid Priority Action Plans (continued) Target Date
Time synchronization mid-2010
Transmission and distribution power systems models mapping year-end 2010
Guidelines for use of IP protocol suite in the Smart Grid mid-year 2010
Guidelines for use of wireless communications in the Smart Grid mid-year 2010
Electric storage interconnection guidelines mid-2010
Interoperability standards to support plug-in electric vehicles December 2010
Standard meter data profiles year-end 2010
Harmonize Power Line Carrier Standards for Appliance Communications in the Home Just added
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Level of urgency

• The 3.4 billion in U.S. Smart Grid Investment
  Grants, combined with matching 4.7 billion in
  private funds (8.1 billion total) will result in
  deployment, over the next 3-4 years of
• 40 million smart meters (about 1/4 of the total
  meter base in the U.S.)
• 850 phasor measurement units covering 100 of the
  grid
• 200,000 smart transformers
• 700 automated substations
• 1 million in-home displays
• 170,000 smart thermostats
• 175,000 other load control devices.
• There is only a very small window of opportunity
  to specify the standards that will be used in
  these deployments since they will be completed
  within 3-4 years.

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Smart Grid cyber security strategy

• Cyber Security Coordination Task Group (CSCTG) to
  develop a set of recommended cyber security
  requirements
• http//collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view
  /SmartGrid/CyberSecurityCTG
• Draft NIST Interagency Report (NISTIR) 7628,
  Smart Grid Cyber Security Strategy and
  Requirements
• Comments must be received on or before December
  1, 2009
• How to provide comments
• http//edocket.access.gpo.gov/2009/E9-24430.htm
• Final document planned for publication in March
  2010.

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Issue Role of Internet Protocol(s) in the Smart
Grid

• The Smart Grid will use a variety of different
  networking environments across different smart
  grid domains and sub-domains
• Given its predominance and ubiquity, the Internet
  technology (IP) is a key networking technology to
  consider in the context of the Smart Grid
• A number of challenges remain to be addressed due
  to the requirements imposed by many Smart Grid
  environments and applications
• What suite of IP protocols are applicable for
  specific Smart Grid applications?
• What suite of IP protocols should be used for
  network control? management? security?
• Are there any gaps with existing protocols?
• Should new protocols/extensions be developed?

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IP PAP1 Guidelines for the use of IP protocol
suite in the Smart Grid

• Develop Smart Grid application communication
  requirements and devise a taxonomy for
  applications with similar network requirements
• Draft matrix under development and available for
  review http//collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/pu
  b/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/app_matrix_pap.xls
• Identify a Core Protocol Suite for IP-based Smart
  Grid
• IETF drafts and reports submitted for
  considerations
• http//collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view
  /SmartGrid/PAP01InternetProfile
• Develop Application-Specific Protocol
  Requirements
• Identify additional protocols or protocol
  enhancements beyond the core suite required by a
  specific class of applications
• Develop guidelines for IP-based Smart Grid
  networks
• Perform Gap Analysis
• Identify new protocol or protocol enhancement
  standardization activities required to fully
  support the Smart Grid Vision

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Issue Use of wireless communications in the
Smart Grid

• There are a number of advantages for using
  wireless communications including
• Untethered access to information
• Mobility
• Interoperability
• Reduced cost and complexity
• Availability of technologies with different
  characteristics to choose from
• A number of challenges remain to be addressed
• How to choose among technologies with different
  characteristics?
• How do we know which technology to use for what
  Smart Grid application?
• Are there any implications for using a certain
  wireless technology in a certain environment?
• Are there any deployment? Interference issues?

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Wireless PAP2 Guidelines for the use of wireless
communications in the Smart Grid

• Develop Smart Grid application communication
  requirements and devise a taxonomy for
  applications with similar network requirements
• Draft under development and available for review
  http//collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/pub/Smart
  Grid/PAP02Wireless/app_matrix_pap.xls
• Develop terminology and definitions
• Create an attribute list and performance metrics
  for wireless standards
• Draft developed and available for
  review http//collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/pu
  b/SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless/NIST_PAP2-_Wireless_Char
  acteristics-IEEE802-v_02.xls
• Create an inventory of wireless technologies and
  standards that are identified by each SDO
• Feedback is expected by December 6, 2009.
• Conduct an evaluation of the wireless
  technologies based on the application
  requirements
• Perform a gap analysis and developing guidelines
  for the use of wireless technologies.

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Approach for developing application communication
requirements

• Develop a set of characteristics to capture the
  application communication
• How much data is being exchanged?
• How often is the data being exchanged?
• How much delay can data delivery incur?
• Who are the recipients of the data?
• List a representative set of Smart Grid
  applications
• Identify different applications or applications
  with different characteristics
• Applications belonging to a different Smart Grid
  domain are not necessarily different from this
  stand point
• Place characteristics and application types on a
  two dimensional matrix where columns represent
  the characteristics and rows represent
  application types
• Devise a taxonomy for applications with similar
  network requirements
• Fill out matrix entries

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Progress to date on developing application
communication requirements

• Reviewed many Smart Grid use cases, reports,
  white papers
• Reviewed FCC NOI filings on the implementation of
  Smart Grid technology
• http//www.fcc.gov/Daily_Releases/Daily_Business/2
  009/db0904/DA-09-2017A1.txt
• Developed a draft in cooperation with utility
  groups, Open SG, SG stakeholders, interested
  parties
• Posted draft for review on twiki and on PAP
  mailing lists
• http//collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/pub/Smart
  Grid/PAP02Wireless/app_matrix_pap.xls

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Seeking input on the application communication
requirements

• Related to the application characteristics or
  columns in the matrix
• Do you have any comments on the columns capturing
  the characteristics? Are there any missing
  columns?
• Related to the application types or rows in the
  matrix
• Are the rows representative of the Smart Grid
  space and domains? Are there any missing
  applications?
• Related to the quantitative requirements or
  matrix entries
• Do you have any numbers, aware of any numbers,
  reports that contain numbers?

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Whats next

• First SGIP meeting held at the Grid-Interop
  Conference,
• November 16-19, 2009 in Denver, Colorado
• SGIP charter ratification
• SGIP governing board (electronic) elections and
  results
• Priority action plan workshop

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Sources

• NIST Smart Grid web site
• http//www.nist.gov/smartgrid/
• NIST Smart Grid Twiki
• http//collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/
  SmartGrid/WebHome
• IP Priority Action Plan
• http//collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/
  SmartGrid/PAP01InternetProfile
• Wireless Priority Action Plan
• http//collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/
  SmartGrid/PAP02Wireless