The Cultural Geography of Europe

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The Cultural Geography of Europe

• Unit 4 Chapter 12

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I. Section I

• Population Patterns

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A. Ethnic Diversity

• Ethnic Groups
• Europe is home to more than 160 separate ethnic
  groups
• Ethnic Tensions
• The Balkan Peninsula has had lots of turmoil
  because of these tensions
• Yugoslavia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo
• Ethnic Cleansing killing rival ethnic groups
• As a result, many people become refugees people
  who flee to a foreign country
• Sources of Unity
• Europeans in recent years have been striving
  towards more unity

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B. Population Characteristics

• Population Density
• Europes population density is greater than that
  of any other continent except Asia.
• Population Distribution
• Compare maps on pg. 262 pg. 260
• Why do people choose to live where they do?

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C. Urbanization

• Urban Features
• About 75 of the population lives in the cities
• What does this cause?
• Population Movements
• During the 1800s early 1900s, many Europeans
  migrated to the Americas and other areas
• Since the mid-1900s, not many people have left
  Europe but many foreign people moved in (often to
  fill open jobs)
• Later, when the economy slowed down, this caused
  tension
• Europes overall population is shrinking
• Make sure you read pgs. 292-293

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II. Section II

• History Government

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A. The Rise of Europe

• Early Peoples
• Fossils show that early people lived in Europe
  more than a million years ago!
• Ancient Greece Rome
• The 1st ancient civilization was the Greek
• 400s 300s B.C.
• The 2nd was the Romans
• 27 B.C A.D. 180
• City-States were originally formed during this
  time
• A Christian Europe
• In the late A.D. 300s, Christianity became the
  official religion of the Roman Empire, and later
  one of the worlds major religions
• The Middle Ages
• After the fall of Feudalism occurred during this
  timeRome, Europe entered the Middle Ages (A.D.
  500-1500)

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B. Expansion of Europe

• Crusades a series of brutal religious wars to
  win Palestine, the birthplace of Christianity,
  from Muslim rule
• European Explorations
• In the 1400s, Europe began exploring the rest of
  the world

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Expansion of Europe (Cont.)

• Renaissance during this period, many Europeans
  developed a higher interest in the Arts
• The Reformation movement occurred during this
  time
• Lessened the power of the Roman Catholic church
  and led to the beginnings of Protestantism

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C. Changing Europe

• Make sure you read this section (pg. 297-300)!
• Revolutions
• Enlightenment political economic revolutions
• Industrial Capitalism an economic system in
  which business leaders used profits to expand
  their countries
• Under this system, new classes emerged
• Social problems led to the birth of communism
  society based on economic equality

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C. (cont)

• Conflict Division
• WWI 1914-1918 caused by rivalries among
  European powers (for colonies and economic power)
• Reparations payment for damages
• WWII 1939-1945 because of unsolved problems
  from WWI and a worldwide depression, Mussolini
  and Hitler gained control of Italy and Germany
• They expanded their countries control, which led
  to the war
• Holocaust major horror of WWII mass killing
  of over 6 million Jews
• WWII left Europe ruined and divided part was
  communist (controlled by the Soviet Union) and
  part was democratic
• This division led to the Cold War

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C. (cont Holocaust) Mass grave sites and mass
killing of Jews
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C. (cont Holocaust) Jewish children that were
used for experiments
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C. (cont)

• The Cold War in Europe
• Cold War a power struggle between the communist
  world (led by Soviet Union) and the noncommunist
  world (led by U.S.)
• A divided Germany became the hot point of the
  Cold War
• A New Era for Europe
• From 1950s-1980s, revolts against communist rule
  swept E. Europe
• The infamous Berlin Wall came down in 1990 and
  the two parts of Germany reunited
• 3 years later, Czechoslovakia split into two
  separate countries
• 1990s European Union (EU) was formed goal to
  unite countries now contains 25 countries
• 1992 Maastricht Treaty signed common bank and
  currency
• 1999 Euro common currency launched

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III. Section III

• Cultures Lifestyles

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A. Expressions of Cultures

• Languages
• About 50 different languages
• About 100 different dialects
• Language Family
• Mostly Indo-European
• Slavic Polish, Czech, etc.
• Baltic Latvian, etc.
• Germanic German, Dutch, English, etc.
• Romance Languages (comes from Latin) Italian,
  Spanish, Portuguese, French, Romanian
• Others Greek, Albanian, Celtic

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A. Expressions of Cultures(cont)

• Religion
• Primarily Christianity
• Mostly Roman Catholics
• Pope is the head of this church
• Where is he located?
• Religion has caused many wars here
• Northern Ireland Catholics vs. Protestants
• 1998 - the Good Friday Peace Agreement

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A. Expressions of Cultures (cont)

• Arts
• Close relationship between religion and
  architecture
• Romanticism arts focused on emotions
• Realism arts depicting everyday life
• Impressionism experiences of the natural world

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B. Quality of Life

• Differences
• Western Europe more industrialized
• Eastern Southern Europe more struggles
• Education
• Countries with more educated people more
  economic success
• State-Sponsored Human Services
• Welfare States offer complete social welfare to
  their citizens
• Helps provide higher education, health care, and
  social security

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C. Lifestyles

• Home Life
• Extended families family importance
• Sports Recreation
• Soccer is major sport
• Rugby
• Tennis
• Skiing
• Cycling
• Celebrations
• Europeans celebrate many of the same holidays as
  us but their holidays often include many
  traditions passed down through several generations