DESIGN FOR PEOPLE IN NEED

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DESIGN FOR PEOPLE IN NEED

• Suresh K

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Agenda

• Issues concerning developing countries and
  corresponding low-cost solutions
• Sanitation
• Water
• Health

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BioLet's Composting Toilet

• Won gold medal - International Inventors'
  Exhibition in Geneva
• No water, no sewer and no chemicals
• No odors - designed so that there is a constant
  air flow into the toilet
• The compost - 9 times fewer fecal coliform
  bacteria than from other composting toilets -
  safer to handle
• The compost could be used as a manure for
  non-food vegetation
• BioLets can be installed anywhere - you don't
  need a water hook up
• BioLet toilets do not require any pumping or
  outside holding tank

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BioLet's Composting Toilet

• Seen more as a green product places where there
  is severe shortage of water

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Dignity Toilet
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Dignity Toilet (contd)

• Cooler Solutions- won international design
  competition - International HIDO (Humanitarian
  International Design Organization) Design Award
• Portable sanitation solution - refugee camps,
  developing countries.
• Solid waste storage and disposal system for
  locations where a sanitation infrastructure does
  not exist
• Addresses sanitation compliance, health and
  personal dignity
• Sanitary storage for solid waste for four people
  for approximately 7 10 days
• The toilet is removed from its dock - manually
  augered into the soil where it evacuates its
  contents, mixes the waste with soil and buries it
  in the ground for decomposition

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Dignity Toilet (specifications)

• Roto-molded poly-propylene is low cost,
  structural and very durable
• Molded in seal ensures sanitary, air tight
  storage
• Carry strap is comfortable and makes transport
  easy
• Molded in grips for augering
• Two way thread ejects plug, scrapes threads and
  mixes soil into the waste
• Mulching agitator mixes soil with waste for quick
  break down

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Dignity Toilet (contd)
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Aquaduct

• Aquaduct designed by IDEO - Innovate or Die
  contest hosted by Google and Specialized
• Aimed at helping people in the developing world
  who have to make long journeys to collect water,
  which is often unsafe to drink
• Large water tank mounted over the rear axles.
  Pedalling draws water through a filter to a
  second, removable, tank mounted in front of the
  handlebars
• Rider pedals - a pump attached to the pedal crank
  draws water from a large tank, through a carbon
  filter, to a smaller clean tank.
• A clutch engages and disengages the drive belt
  from the pedal crank, enabling the rider to
  filter the water while traveling or while
  stationary.

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Aquaduct (contd)

• This could be modified by decoupling the 2
  functions
• Stationary pedalling filters water

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Ceramic Water Purifier

• Potters for Peace has been assisting in the
  production worldwide of a low-tech, low-cost,
  colloidal silver-enhanced ceramic water purifier
• Field experience - eliminates approximately
  99.88 of most water born disease agents
• 11 wide by 10 deep - mix of local terra-cotta
  clay and sawdust or other combustible, such as
  rice husks.
• Press - hand-operated hydraulic truck jack and
  two-piece aluminum mold. Combustible ingredient
  burns out in the firing leaving a network of fine
  pores

• After firing the filter is coated with colloidal
  silver. This combination of fine pore size, and
  the bactericidal properties of colloidal silver
  produce an effective filter
• For use the fired, treated filter element is
  placed in a five gallon plastic or ceramic
  receptacle with a lid and faucet.
• Basic shop with three or four workers can produce
  about fifty filters a day

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Solar Bottle

• Winner of a 2007 INDEX award
• Uses simple solar technology to purify dirty
  drinking water and prevent water-born diseases
• Principle is SODIS (Solar Water Disinfection)
  process - works with the sun to allow UV-A
  radiation and increased temperature to destroy
  pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water
• The slim PET container holds 4 liters of water
• UV-A exposure and thermal gain are maximized with
  a bi-color blown injection molding that creates
  both a transparent side and a dark,
  heat-absorbing side

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LifeStraw

• Vestergaard Frandsen private company in public
  health
• Outer shell made of high impact polystyrene
• Effective against waterborne bacteria and viruses
  
• Halogenated resin elutes active halogen into
  influent water for inactivation of bacteria
• Strong base anion exchange resin adsorbs
  negatively-charged halogen residuals
• Granular activated carbon (silver-impregnated)
  adsorbs residual active halogen
• Minimum 700 litres or 1 year

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LifeStraw

• Testing - reduces bacteria such as E. faecalis
  and E. coli by at least 99.9999 and viruses by
  about 99.8
• Highly efficacious performance to meet US EPA and
  NSF International requirements for bacteria
  reduction.
• The magnitude of virus reduction would
  appreciably reduce human exposure to waterborne
  viruses by 99
• Safety
• Residual silver levels below WHO guideline value
  and the US EPA MCL of 100 ppb
• Residual iodine levels non-existent/ within WHO
  limits

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Incubator for the Developing world

• 4 million infants per year die in the developing
  world, in part because of the lack and
  reliability of pediatric incubator.
• Design that Matters -develops products for
  developing countries
• Incubator using parts from Toyota trucks
• Car parts-cheap and easy to find in developing
  countries
• Car headlights provide heat
• AC fan moves warmed air around the chamber
• Motorcycle battery for backup power

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Incubator for the Developing world
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PermaNet

• Vestergaard Frandsen private company in public
  health
• Malaria affects huge percentage of population in
  the tropical countries
• Ready-to-use mosquito bed net - impregnated with
  an odourless and biodegradable insecticide called
  deltamethrin that is mixed in a resin, coating
  the netting fibres
• A progressive release of insecticide from the
  resin guarantees retention of the net's efficacy
  even after 20 washes
• This bed net requires no re-treatment or dipping
  and a dirt repellent feature has been added to
  keep it clean longer.
• PermaNet has a WHOPES (World Health Organization
  Pesticide Evaluation Scheme) recommendation,
  which declares it safe and effective for the
  prevention and control of malaria and other
  vector-borne diseases.

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Using solar energy to prevent malaria

• InnoCentive, Inc., SunNight Solar- funding from
  Rockfeller foundation
• Concept - Leverage the power of the sun to
  prevent malaria
• Comprises a small, cone-shaped mosquito trap that
  incorporates inexpensive paraffin wax and human
  sweat as the main ingredients
• During the day a container of wax absorbs solar
  energy as it melts -- eliminating the need for
  costly photvoltaic cells and storage batteries --
  and then is brought into the house at night where
  the heat is released at approximately the
  temperature of the human body as the wax
  re-solidifies.
• Combined with a water based attractant derived
  from human sweat collected from a simple wrist
  band, the ingenious trap mimics the scent,
  moisture, and temperature profile of a sleeping
  body, attracting mosquitoes to the cone where
  they are trapped and can be easily disposed of.
• Pilot production in February 09 to market in
  May 09

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CellScope

• In rural areas and developing countries, clinics
  often lack the equipment - for up-close
  evaluations of malarial parasites, blood diseases
  and skin conditions.
• The Cellscope is a 5x to 60x microscope
  attachment for camera phones that can be used for
  magnification and transmits the images to experts
  for diagnosis.
• Successfully tested in the Democratic Republic of
  the Congo in August
• Could soon be used by cancer patients in the U.S.
  to take white-blood-cell counts at home

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References

• http//www.humanidesign.org/dignitytoilet.html
• http//inventorspot.com/innovations_for_the_enviro
  nmentalists_and_the_gardeners
• http//www.coolersolutionsinc.com/pdf/CoolerSoluti
  ons-HIDO-DignityToilet.pdf
• http//pottersforpeace.org/?page_id9
• http//www.youtube.com/group/innovateordie
• http//www.dezeen.com/2008/03/11/aquaduct-by-ideo/
  
• http//www.inhabitat.com/2007/08/30/index-awards-s
  olar-bottle/
• http//www.helloweare.com/index.php?/medical/infan
  t-isolette-/
• http//blog.innocentive.com/tag/sunnight-solar/
• http//pr-canada.net/index2.php?optioncom_content
  do_pdf1id76439
• http//blog.innocentive.com/2009/01/28/innocentive
  -seeker-spotlight-sunnight-solar-works-to-eradicat
  e-malaria/more-178

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Thank You