IWRM & HYDROLOGIC CYCLE COMPONENTS

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IWRM HYDROLOGIC CYCLECOMPONENTS

• Keith Kennedy
• Swiss Center of Hydrogeology
• University of Neuchatel
• 25 June 2003

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IWRM PERSPECTIVE

• Presentation Outline
• Basic hydrologic cycle aspects
• Special groundwater considerations
• Data base example (regional)
• Questions and discussion
• Considerations in changing hydrologic thinking

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IWRM PERSPECTIVE
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OUR IWRM TRIANGLE
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OUR IWRM TRIANGLE
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--------------------------------------- Assessment
Cycle applicable components Information Settin
g characterization Quantity,Quality,Timing,Cost
Demand Supply Use Protection
Alternatives Data (sources, reliability, access,
links) Allocation Tools DSS models Tradeoff
analysis ----------------------------------------
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Discussion Content

• Cycle Component Concepts (10)
• Standard/Conventional
• Ecosystem, use related
• Catchment/Aquifer based
• Quantification Aspects (30)
• Resource Definition
• Water Use, Flowpaths Sustainability
• Monitoring Evaluation
• Ground water considerations
• Data Bases (10)
• Input/Output/Storage
• Access/Linkages
• Quality
• Conclusions (10)

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1. Cycle Component Concepts

• Standard Concepts (Physical)
• Precipitation
• Evaporation/Evapotranspitation
• Surface Water
• Groundwater
• Ecosystem Use Related (Basin/Watershed
  Perspective)
• Green water (Terrestrial ecosystems, Crops,
  Wetlands)
• Blue water (Throughflow, Consumptive use return
  flow)

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Basic Cycle
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Basic Cycle
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Basic Cycle
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1. CYCLE COMPONENTS - Related

• Groundwater
• Contamination Issues

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SW/GW relations - Humid vs Arid Zones
B. Cross section of a losing stream, which is
typical of arid regions, where streams can
recharge groundwater
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Basic Cycle
Approximate annual hydrological budget
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1. Cycle Component Concepts

• Standard Concepts (Physical)
• Precipitation
• Evaporation/Evapotranspitation
• Surface Water
• Groundwater
• Ecosystem Use Related (Basin/Watershed
  Perspective)
• Green water (Terrestrial ecosystems, Crops,
  Wetlands)
• Blue water (Throughflow, Consumptive use return
  flow)

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Blue Green Water - perspective
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Blue Green Water Pathways
percentages
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More Detailed Cycle Components
Evaporation
Evaporation Evapo-transpiration
Ocean
Infiltration Recharge
runoff
Aquifer
Precipitation Evaporation/ET Surface
Water Groundwater
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WHAT ARE OTHER COMPONENTSIN THE CYCLE TODAY?
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More Detailed Cycle Components
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2. Quantification Aspects

• Resource Definition
• Scale
• Quantity
• Quality
• Water Use, Flowpaths Sustainability
• Sectors (Agricultural, Domestic, Industrial,
  HydroPower, Recreation, etc)
• Needs, impact, strategies tradeoffs
• Contamination/protection/supply security
• Prediction
• Monitoring Evaluation
• Types
• Frequency
• Feedback

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2. Watersheds boundaries and divides ?
Source Modified from IHP-VI, 2001-ISARM
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2. Quantification Aspects

• Resource (Water Resources Assessments)
• Scale
• Watershed/basin or aquifer characterization
• Commonly diverted/skewed (administrative/legal
  boundaries)
• Quantity
• typical starting point (precipitation, surface
  water, groundwater)
• Quality (frequently 2ndary or overlooked but
  critical)
• inclusive to each user group needs
• Tools for prediction maintenance
• Modeling
• Monitoring Evaluation

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2. Quantification Aspects

• Resource Definition
• Scale
• Quantity
• Quality
• Water Use, Flowpaths Sustainability
• Sectors (Agricultural, Domestic, Industrial,
  HydroPower, Recreation, etc)
• Needs, impacts, strategies tradeoffs
• Contamination/protection/supply security
• Prediction
• Monitoring Evaluation
• Types
• Frequency
• Feedback

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2. Quantification Aspects

• Resource Definition
• Scale
• Quantity
• Quality
• Water Use, Flowpaths Sustainability
• Sectors (Agricultural, Domestic, Industrial,
  HydroPower, Recreation, etc)
• Impact, Strategies tradeoffs
• Contamination/protection/supply security
• Prediction
• Monitoring Evaluation
• Types
• Frequency
• Feedback

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3. Ground Water Comments

• Special considerations
• Supply sources are not as temporal as surface
  waters
• commonly more stable both from a quality and
  quantity viewpoint
• Consistent good quality with low treatment costs
• Widespread availability away from river courses
  (in good host rock climatic settings)
• Practical expansion and development pathway
  augmented as needed
• Can be independently developed in its early
  stages of development

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3. Ground Water Comments
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3. Ground Water Comments
Abstraction
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3. Ground Water Comments
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3. Ground Water Comments
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3. Ground Water Comments
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3. Data Bases

• 3. Data Bases
• Input/Output/Storage
• Access
• Links
• Quality considerations
• THE MEXICO EXAMPLE
• Courtesy of Dr. Philippe Arreguin

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Discussion Content
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Managing Water Resources Changing
Hydrologists Role Responsibility
INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
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Key Hydrology Re-thinking Areas

• Balance supply/demand the approach
• The ecosystem
• Management boundaries
• Alternatives - use supply
• Innovative practices
• Water economics relations
• Communication
• Education
• Conflict management

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1. How we address supply demand by process
?
2
1
3
4
4
5
5
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PARTICIPATORY CONVERGENCE
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2. The ecosystem where the water is !
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3. Basin aquifer boundaries real or political
?

• Waters in the past have rarely been managed at
  basin or aquifer scales.
• WHY??
• - Politics and power structures
• - Professional Institutional jealousy
• - Turf - donor/funding/research/grants
• - Laws (archaic and intransigent)

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3. Basin aquifer boundaries real or political
?

• CONCLUSIONS
• Actively challenge non-hydrologic boundaries.
• Ground and surface water boundaries can differ.

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4. Alternatives Re-use conservation

• Water reuse stigma over effluents
• success fundamentals openly addressed.
• show where how it can be applied without risk.
• Water conservation has minimal appeal in
  developed countries (perceived as a no need
  issue).
• commonly dismissed little academic interest.
• not a fundable research area except post-crises
• (to see how LA reacts to its 22 cutback).
• Water minimization in industry and agriculture
• are there economic/political/societal incentives ?

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4. Alternatives Re-use conservation

• Still need to look at
• depicting impacts of widely ranging solutions,
• non-traditional alternatives in crops, locations
  of planned population and industrial development.

• CONCLUSION
• Incorporate re-use conservation
• Develop supply use alternatives in our
  solutions.

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5. Innovative practices, equipment technology

• Each water sectors experts should address
  emerging innovative practices, equipment
  technology that could optimize the resource.

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5. Innovative practices, equipment technology

• Case history Water Use Reduction, Equipment
  Technology
• Total water reduced 20
• Drinking water reduced 70
• Water cost saving 500K/yr
• Wastewater reduced 20
• Heading to
• Zero-discharge
• Zero drinking water use

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Discussion Content

• Cycle Component Concepts (10)
• Standard/Conventional
• Ecosystem, use related
• Catchment/Aquifer based
• Q? What is the size of your water management
  basin?
• Is there a large variability in the precipitation
  in your region?
• Q? how many of you are aware of the water balance
  and its variations in your setting?
• Q? Is ground water present/important in your
  setting? Is it considered as a water supply
  source?
• Q? Is surface water present/important in your
  setting? Is it used as a water supply source?
• Q? Are the aspects of blue and green water
  discussed related to ecosystems and the
  hydrologic cycle pathways
• Q? When dealing with watermanagement issues are
  the aspects of hydrologic boundaries considered
  or are they administrative
• Quantification Aspects (30)
• Resource Definition
• Q? Is ground water well quantified in your
  setting as a resource ? as a used as a water
  supply source
• Q? Is surface water well used as a water supply
  source
• Water Use, Flowpaths Sustainability
• Monitoring Evaluation