ELBOW

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ELBOW
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Elbow Joint

• Humeroulnar joint- true hinge
• Humeroradial joint- an atypical ball and socket
• Due to the saucer like head of the radius and
  the capitulum (spherical knob) of the humerus

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Ligaments of the Elbow Joint

• Anterior thickening of joint capsule
• Posterior - thickening of joint capsule
• Radial collateral ligament also called LCL
• Ulnar collateral ligament also called MCL

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Movements of the Elbow Joint

• Flexion and Extension

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Radioulnar Joints (R/U)

• Proximal R/U
• Articulation between radius and ulna near the
  elbow
• Distal R/U
• Articulation between radius and ulna near the
  wrist

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Ligaments of the R/U Joint

• Proximal
• Annular ligament wraps around head of radius
  and connects it to the ulna
• Distal
• Volar (anterior) radioulnar ligament
• Dorsal (posterior) radioulnar ligament

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Movements of the R/U Joint

• Pronation, Supination
• To isolate this movement, the elbow must be flexed

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Elbow Flexors and Extensors

• Three Flexors Anterior line of pull
• Brachialis
• Biceps brachii
• Brachioradialis
• Two extensors Posterior line of pull
• Triceps brachii
• Anconeus

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Biceps Brachii (short and long)

• Proximal Attachment
• Short head coracoid process
• Long head superior glenoid fossa
• Distal Attachment Radial tuberosity
• Movements (at elbow)
• Flexion
• Supination against resistance

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Biceps Brachii

• Biceps brachii is stronger in flexion when
  forearm is supinated
• Pronated position causes the biceps tendon to
  wrap around the radius and thereby lessening its
  force production
• Class Activity
• Flex elbow and contract bicep. With bicep
  contracted, pronate and supinate forearm.

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Brachialis

• Proximal Attachment anterior humerus
• Distal Attachment proximal ulna
• Movement flexion
• The brachialis is the primary elbow flexor due to
  its attachment on the fixed ulna. This allows
  the brachialis to work maximally with the forearm
  pronated or supinated.

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Brachioradialis

• Proximal Attachment Lateral supracondylar ridge
  of humerus
• Distal Attachment Styliod process of distal
  radius
• Movement flexion
• Function utilized with a hammering motion
• Hammer curl

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Triceps Brachii

• Proximal Attachment
• Long head infragleniod tuberosity
• Lateral head lateral, posterior humerus
• Medial head medial, posterior humerus
• Distal Attachment Olecranon process
• Movement at the elbow extension

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Anconeus

• Proximal Attachment lateral epicondyle
• Distal Attachment proximal ulna
• Movement extension
• Also acts to stabilize the elbow

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Pronators and Supinators

• Two pronators
• Pronator Teres (proximal elbow)
• Pronator Quadratus (distal elbow)
• Two supinators
• Supinator
• Biceps brachii (only against resistance)

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Pronator Teres

• Proximal Attachment medial epicondyle
• Distal Attachment proximal radius
• Movement pronation and some flexion with
  resistance

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Pronator Quadratus

• Proximal Attachment distal ulna
• Distal Attachment distal radius
• Movement pronation

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Supinator

• Proximal attachment lateral condyle of humerus
• Distal Attachment radius
• Movement supination