AGM 243 Heavy Machinery Electrical Mr. Conrado Basic Theory

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AGM 243Heavy Machinery ElectricalMr. Conrado

• Basic Theory

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Introduction

• What is electricity?
• Webster- A source of energy from particles of
  matter.
• Better understood as the flow of electrons.

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Matter and electron flow

• Matter - Anything that takes up space
• Matter consists of extremely tiny particles
  grouped together to form atoms.

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The atom and their charges

• Parts of the atom
• Proton - Positive
• Neutron - Neutral
• Electron - Negative
• There are always the same number of protons and
  neutrons.
• Atoms want the same number of electrons in orbit
  as the number of protons and electrons in the
  nucleus.

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The Basic Structure of an Atom
Elements with less than 4 Electrons in their
outer rings make good conductors
Because the Electrons are easily dislodged from
their orbit and pushed to the atom next to them.
(Electron flow)
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The Basic Structure of an Atom
Elements with More than 4 Electrons in their
outer rings make good insulators
Because the Electrons remain in the outer rings
when electromotive force ( Voltage) is present.
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How dose electricity flow? What causes electrons
to move from atom to atom?
Positive Charged Atom
Negative Charged Atom
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Too Many Electrons
Too Few Electrons
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How dose electricity flow? What causes electrons
to move from atom to atom?
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Voltage
Voltage is the abundance of electrons on one side
of a conductor as compared to the other side.
This could also be described as the potential for
electron flow or potential difference.
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How dose electricity flow? What causes electrons
to move from atom to atom?
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Voltage
(Pressure)
(Electromotive Force)
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Voltage Pushes the electrons
Voltage Pushes the electrons
Voltage Pushes the electrons
Voltage Pushes the electrons
Voltage Pushes the electrons
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How dose electricity flow? What causes electrons
to move from atom to atom?
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Voltage
(Pressure)
(Electromotive Force)
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Voltage Pushes the electrons
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How dose electricity flow? What causes electrons
to move from atom to atom?
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Voltage Pushes the electrons
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How dose electricity flow? What causes electrons
to move from atom to atom?
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Voltage
(Pressure)
(Electromotive Force)
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The flow of the electrons is referred to as
Current
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How dose electricity flow? What causes electrons
to move from atom to atom?
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Electron Flow is measured in Amps
The flow of the electrons is referred to as
Current
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Electrical Terms and Concepts
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Voltage

• Electrical Pressure, potential, or potential
  difference
• Unit is Voltage - V
• Meter symbols
• VAC - V
• VDC - V

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Resistance

• Opposition to current flow
• Unit - Ohm
• Symbol - Omega -
• All components and wires have resistance.
• Corrosion leads to high resistance.

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Current

• Flow of Electricity
• Unit - Ampere
• Symbol - A or I
• Electron theory vs. conventional theory
• Doesnt really matter. Know how both work but
  understand most concepts use the conventional
  theory.

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Conductor

• Matter that easily allows the free flow of
  electrons.
• Have fewer than four electrons in their outer
  orbit.

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Insulator

• Matter that does not easily allow the free flow
  of electrons.
• Have more than four electrons in their outer
  orbit.

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Circuit

• A path capable of carrying electrical currents.
• Types of circuits
• Series
• Parallel

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Homework

• Read Text Truck Electrical and Electronics
• Chapter 1 Safety - Pages 1 13
• Chapter 2 Basic Theory 14 - 43