MINI-LESSONS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 34
About This Presentation
Title:

MINI-LESSONS

Description:

Within a sentence, if you have a noun and a pronoun that ... Orson Scott Card demonstrates a world full of chaos, fear, and humans who have evil intentions. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:336
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 35
Provided by: AHS2
Category:
Tags: lessons | mini | card | orson | scott

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: MINI-LESSONS


1
MINI-LESSONS
  • WINTER/SPRING 2011

2
Transition Hooks
  • Definition
  • sentences that work in between paragraphs to
    encourage the flow of the paper. Hooks are
    stronger than mere transition words because they
    are more mature and fluid than a transition word.
  • Need good hooks
  • Between body paragraphs
  • Between points in body paragraphs
  • Between chunks of information
  • Like attention getter and background of lens and
    background of texts and into thesis
  • Going into your conclusion

3
Sample 1
  • For both Hugh and Irene, the city in which they
    live seems like a hurricane. If they could get
    out of it, they would find peace, and if they
    moved further downtown, they would feel the
    calmness of the storms eye. Because of their
    mothers inability to live without them, Hugh and
    Irene have difficulty breaking away from any part
    of their lives that holds them down. They both
    come from estranged families.
  • To ONE
  • For both Hugh and Irene, the city in which they
    live seems like a hurricane. If they could get
    out of it, they would find peace, and if they
    moved further downtown, they would feel the
    calmness of the storms eye.
  • Secondly, because of their mothers inability to
    live without them, Hugh and Irene have difficulty
    breaking away from any part of their lives that
    holds them down. They both come from estranged
    families.
  • To TWO
  • For both Hugh and Irene, the city in which they
    live seems like a hurricane. If they could get
    out of it, they would find peace, and if they
    moved further downtown, they would felt the
    calmness of the storms eye. However, they
    cannot dwell in the calm before the storm because
    of family quarrels.
  • Because of their mothers inability to live
    without them, Hugh and Irene have difficulty
    breaking away from any part of their lives that
    holds them down. They both come from estranged
    families.
  • Or THREE
  • For both Hugh and Irene, the city in which they
    live seems like a hurricane. If they could get
    out of it, they would find peace, and if they
    moved further downtown, they would felt the
    calmness of the storms eye.
  • Because of their mothers inability to live
    without them, though, they may never reach that
    calm that the eye of the storm promises Hugh and
    Irene have difficulty breaking away from any part
    of their lives that holds them down. They both
    come from estranged families.

4
How do I do this?
  • The easiest way to create transition hooks is to
    go back after writing the paper and look at the
    first and last sentence of every paragraph. Then,
    try to incorporate ideas and/or words from one
    sentence into the next sentence. Find some way
    to connect the ideas.

5
Try connecting these either as a concluding
sentence or a topic sentence
  • This is because on their adventure together, a
    symbol of their mothers is destroyed When the
    dragon appears, it is like the mother, calling
    out for pity and ready to devour her children in
    the name that pity (Bucknall 12). Hugh slays
    the dragon after Irene lures it out, and after
    that they have an awareness of resolution.
  • Although the twilight world was thought of as the
    ideal place for escape, Hugh and Irene eventually
    saw that it would not satisfy where they really
    wanted to be.

6
Sample ONE
  • This is because on their adventure together, a
    symbol of their mothers is destroyed When the
    dragon appears, it is like the mother, calling
    out for pity and ready to devour her children in
    the name that pity (Bucknall 12). Hugh slays
    the dragon after Irene lures it out, and after
    that they have an awareness of resolution, in the
    twilight world and their own.
  • Although the twilight world was thought of as the
    ideal place for escape, Hugh and Irene
  • eventually saw that it would not
    satisfy
  • what they really wanted to be.

7
Sample TWO
  • This is because on their adventure together, a
    symbol of their mothers is destroyed When the
    dragon appears, it is like the mother, calling
    out for pity and ready to devour her children in
    the name that pity (Bucknall 12). Hugh slays
    the dragon after Irene lures it out, and after
    that they have an awareness of resolution.
  • This seeming resolution comes about in the form
    of an escape to the twilight world however, Hugh
    and Irene eventually saw that
  • it would not satisfy what they really
  • wanted to be.

8
Do it on your own
  • Science fiction is most concerned with technology
    and its effects on humanity.
  • The Marxist lens shows how far people will go to
    gain power and who they may destroy in the
    process.
  • I, Robot is a futuristic text about a society
    that rules using robots to
  • accomplish their work.

9
Conclusion Pointers
  • Try something new instead of restating your
    thesis
  • in your beginning sentence, go instead to your
  • introduction and wrap up your attention getter
    ideas
  • Revisit thesis without restatingNEVER need to
    word-for-word restate
  • Discuss the impact of the controversial ideas on
    the present and future of your subject or our
    world
  • You should discuss the significance and relevance
    of the ideas youve explored.
  • Explain what you have learned about/from your
    subcategory
  • Put your own personal
    stamp on this
  • paragraph by
    explaining how these
  • books relate to your
    world.
  • The last sentence
    must have impact.

10
 Body Paragraphs
  • Skim the paragraphs as a whole
  • Are there at least two novel references/quotations
    with documentation?
  • If not, make a note on the paper.
  • Please read through the first and last sentence
    of each paragraph are they clearly related
    without being redundant? Based upon the topic
    sentence, write what you infer or understand to
    be the point which this paragraph focuses on.
  • Does each quotation have a lead in that
  • PHYSICALLY connects to the quote?
  • If not, make a note.

11
  • Does each paraphrase (reference to text) have
    correct documentation?
  • If not, highlight the problem.
  • Do all passages have an introduction that does
    more than say something like On the river, Huck
    says? Does he/she provide enough contextual
    information to help you see the literal meaning?
    Does the passage have depth and breadth that adds
    analysis and insight to the topic sentence?
  • Does each quote have a lead out/explanation
    sentence that further clarifies an develops the
    topic sentence and the previous support?
  • Look at conclusion sentencedoes it do more than
    summarize the paragraph? Take a guess at what
    the second paragraph will be if you cannot tell,
    make a note.
  • Does the author make a new, interesting point in
    each paragraph? If they seem redundant, make a
  • note and a suggestion.
  • Do you see a connection between the paragraphs?

12
Close reading What to do
  • Make a photocopy of your passage
    try to reduce the size of the
    paragraph in
    order to have large margins on each
    side.
  • If you can find the passage in an online text,
    thats even better because you can copy/paste
    into Microsoft Word.
  • Read through the passage three-four times, making
    note of word choice, sentence structure, focal
    points, topic sentences, character descriptions,
    etc.
  • As you read, write questions, observations, and
    comments in the margins, specifically as this
    passage relates to your thesis.
  • Make sure you have put your name, text, author
    and page number at the top of this page.
  • Write your rough draft and revised thesis at the
    top of this page.

13
Close ReadingsHow Close Is
  • Circle powerful and unusual images (objects,
    colors, and anything else concrete).
  • Brainstorm the connotations of these images
    (connotation association). What do these images
    make you think of?
  • Make connections What larger picture do these
    images create? How do they relate to each other?

Too Close?
14
Parallel Structure
  • Parallel Structure EXPRESS SIMILAR IDEAS IN
    SIMILAR GRAMMATICAL FORM like an equationeach
    part of your sentence must balance, equal the
    other side by using the same parts of speech, in
    the same order, on either side.
  • Another definition expressing ideas in pairs or
    series of words, phrases, or clauses. This
    prose has a nice balance and an easy flow because
    the author casts these pairs and series in
    parallel forms grammatical structures that match
    and complement one another. For example, when
    she recounts her response to a negative
    criticism, she has two points to make, and she
    conveys them in parallel structures I pointed
    out that readers are
  • free to interpret a book as they
    please, and
  • that they are free to appreciate
    or not
  • appreciate the result.

15
Samples
  • Parallel Jane is smiling, jumping, and
    singing.
  • Not Parallel Janie is smiling, jumping, and she
    danced the

  • meringue.
  • Parallel Thatcher is tall, blonde, and
    blue-eyed.
  • Not parallel Thatcher is tall, blonde, and with
    blue eyes.
  • Parallel These early obsessions led to a belief
    that
  • writing could be
    my salvation, providing me
  • with the
    sort of freedom and danger, satisfaction
    and discomfort, truth and contradiction I
    cant find in anything else.
  • Not parallel writing could be my salvation,
    providing me with the sort of freedom and
    danger, joy in composition and discomfort,
    insight into life while still entertaining me
    with creativity
  • that I cant find in anything else.

16
Use similar grammatical form for
  • Items in a series
  • NOT parallel In spincasting, your stance, how
    you hold the rod, and the way in which you swing
    may affect distance and accuracy.
  • Parallel In spincasting, your stance, your
    manner of holding the rod, and your swing may
    affect distance and accuracy.
  • Compound Subject/Predicate
  • NOT parallel He asked me to return his bike and
    that I should lock it up.
  • Parallel He asked me to return his bike and to
    lock it up.
  • He asked that I return his bike and that I lock
    it up.
  • Items to be compared
  • NOT parallel I like tennis better than to play
    indoor games.
  • Parallel I like tennis better than indoor games.
  • Sentence parts
  • NOT parallel I like either football or taking
    part in separate track events.
  • Parallel I like either football and track.
  • either...or neither....nor both...and not
    only...but also not...nor

17
Try it out
  • 1. Egyptian pyramids were regularly robbed
    despite their intricate passageways, byzantine
    mazes, and __________.A. walls which were false
    B. they had false walls C. false walls
    D. walls of falsity 2. In the years following
    the American Revolution and prior to the
    establishment of a national government,
    Washington provided the fledgling country with
    keen economic insight, _________, and astute
    international judgment.A. a recognition of
    stability that was domestic B. to stabilize the
    domestic situation C. which was domestically
    stable D. a sense of domestic stability
    3. Despite the appearance of being merely
    pests, ants can serve a garden by eliminating
    other bothersome insects and ________.A. they
    can aerate the soil B. aerating the soil C. to
    aerate the soil D. that can aerate the soil

18
Do it on your own
  • Orson Scott Card demonstrates a world full of
    chaos, fear, and humans who have evil intentions.
  • Comparing a Jensonian nocturne with a melody by
    Rossini or a scherzo by Beethoven, brings into
    focus the difference between schools of music.

19
Crafting a 31 Flavors of Sentencesor maybe just
5
  • The Zeugma Mixing Unlikely images in a parallel
    structure
  • She reached for Jerrys letter and her future
  • Two nouns are linked, but one is concrete and the
    other more abstract
  • The Antithesis juxtaposes two contrasting ideas
    using identical sentence structures Leroy was
    easy to like, but hard to live with
  • Contrasting two character traits using the same
    grammatical structure
  • The Epanalepis the hourglass feel, so that the
    sentence ends with the same word that started it,
    as in Kindness comes to those who show kindness
  • The Chiasmus follows a reversible pattern of
    sentence structure two clauses are related to
    each other through a reversal of structures in
    order to make a larger point that is, the two
    clauses display inverted parallelism "He
    knowingly lied and we followed blindly" as
    opposed to traditional parallel structure He
    knowingly lied and we blindly followed
  • The Hyperbole an over exaggeration for effect
    He eats more dirt than a gopher. His throat has
    the fingerprints of every linebacker in the
    league.

20
Sentence Variety Help File
  • Use the following strategies to add variety to
    your sentences
  • In one column on a piece of paper, list the
    opening words in each of your sentences. Then
    decide if you need to vary some of sentence
    beginnings.
  • In another column, list the verbs in each
    sentence. Then decide if you need to replace any
    overused be verbsis, are, was, werewith more
    vivid onesnap, stare, stir, slither
  • In the third column, identify the number of words
    in each sentence. Then decide if you need to
    change the length of some of your sentences.
  • Read your paper backwards that will alert you to
  • repetitive sentence structure.

21
Noun/Pronoun Agreement
  • All nouns and pronouns have a numbereither they
    are singular or plural. Within a sentence,
    if you have a noun and a pronoun that
    reference the same person or thing, the pronoun
    is called an antecedent. A nouns antecedent
    must agree in number with its corresponding noun.
  • Lots of pronouns in our language and especially
    in our slang become plural when theyre actually
    singular
  • EVERYBODY, ANYBODY, EVERYONE, ANYONE, for
    example.
  • You must make the noun and its
  • antecedent AGREE in number for the
  • sentence to be strong and
    grammatically
  • sound.

22
Noun/Pronoun Agreement Examples
  • CORRECT or INCORRECT?
  • Everybody enjoys their own space.
  • Everyone must take his/her plate to the table.
  • Everyone believes theyre right.
  • Anyone can bring his/her own book to CSAP.
  • Anybody wants to have their own car.
  • Everybody enjoys their own cooking.

23
Subject/Verb Agreement
  • Nouns must also agree in number with their verbs.
  • CORRECT or INCORRECT?
  • Everybody hope that theyll find a good job.
  • Everyone takes the same CSAP test.
  • Everyone eat meat.
  • Anybody can go to G-rated movies.
  • Anybody need love in their life.
  • Everybody has a favorite place to eat.

24
Cleaning up your sentences
  • This is because on their adventure together, a
    symbol of their mothers is destroyed When the
    dragon appears, it is like the mother, calling
    out for pity and ready to devour her children in
    the name that pity (Bucknall 12).
  • Capote is trying to prove that Holly is actually
    a psychotic person.
  • Welch is saying that the whites utterly destroyed
    all Native American civilization.
  • It is understood that Roxy will never be the
    clear cut character readers wish her to be.

25
A little more cleaning
  • This allows readers to see that a Midwestern town
    is the most suitable place for such a
    gut-wrenching story.
  • Covey uses impeccable sentence structure and, as
    readers, we are really convinced of his sincerity
    as a writer.
  • Potok creates this setting because he wants to
    story and his characters to be relatable.
  • Readers see that Enger crafts Reuben as a
    sympathetic character in order to encourage
    readers to see all the other characters are more
    than pasteboard cutouts.

26
Wednesday Anonymous Edit
  • Please spend twenty-five minutes reading and
    revising your peers
    paper.
  • Big Ideas to Focus on
  • Sentence Fluency (variety of starts and lengths)
  • Word Choice (does it become tired, repetitive, or
    thesaurused-out?)
  • Grammatical Issues (Noun/Pronoun, Subject/Verb
    Agreement, Parallel Structure)
  • Persuasiveness and Accuracy of Argument
  • Integration of Critical Lens
  • This is really important how foundational and
    visible is the critical lens?
  • Is it a side note or the focus on the paper?
  • Areas to note, if theres time
  • MLA Citation Problems
  • Lead ins and out
  • Tips on strong titles

27
Bad Word/Phrase List
  • I/me my you your
  • big bad good thing
  • really very not a lot
  • true self searching for self
  • finding self contractions
  • How to get rid of not? Turn the negative voice
    into the positive voice.
  • Negative voice She was not successful.
  • Positive voice She was unsuccessful.
  • Negative voice They were not able to fulfill
    their dream.
  • Positive voice The were unable to fulfill their
    dream.

28
Bad Word List, continued
  • How to get rid of really and very?
  • CROSS THEM OUT
  • You may have to adjust the adjective.
  • Ex
  • They felt very sad as they left.
  • They felt devastated as they left.

29
MLA Documentation
  • Pull-Out Quotes
  • Quotations to are longer than 3 lines once youve
    typed them into your paper.
  • Example
  • Waverly Jong in The Joy Luck Club, for example,
    describes invisible strength as
  • a strategy for winning arguments, respect from
    others, and eventually, though neither of us knew
    it at the time, chess gamesI discovered that for
    the whole game one must gather invisible
    strengths and see the endgame before the game
    beginsI also saw that a little knowledge
    withheld is a great advantage one should store
    for future use. (Tan 89)
  • NO QUOTATION MARKS, TAB ONCE ON LEFT, PERIOD
    BEFORE DOCUMENTATION GO BACK TO REGULAR INDENT
    FOR NEXT SENTENCE.

30
Repetition of Authors Last Names in Internal
Documentation
  • After you mention an author name once, you need
    not mention it again if you are using two quotes
    from him/her consecutively.
  • Example
  • The soldiers were unable to cope with such
    stability saying all that peace, man, it felt so
    good it hurt (OBrien 35).
  • She has sadness when Holly learns of Freds
    death the narrator tells us her reaction When
    the sadness came, first she throws the drink she
    is drinking. The bottle. Those books (Capote
    79).
  • OBrien discusses a swell of angerId squirm
    around, cussing, half nuts with pain and pretty
    soon Id remember how Bobby Jorgenson almost
    killed meI wanted to hurt him for a mistake
    Bobby made (OBrien 192-193). This caused
    OBrien a great deal of pain and embarrassment.

31
Quotation Marks Dialogue
  • Use a combination of double and single quotation
    marks to demonstrate dialogue or a quote within a
    quote
  • Example
  • She has sadness when Holly learns of Freds
    death the narrator tells us her reaction When
    the sadness came, first she throws the drink she
    is drinking. The bottle. Those books (Capote
    79).
  • Emily I love pizza/Preston Well I love
    you/Zach I hate hot dogs (Ackerman 12).

32
Adding Information to Quotes
  • Sometimes you need to add information to a quote
    in order to it to make grammatical sense. Do
    this by using square brackets
  • Example Antonia once described her mothers
    manipulation to Jim, the narrator, saying, He
    her father not want to come to America,
    nev-er! My mamenka mother make him come (sic)
    (Cather 66).

33
Reminders for Revision
  • Do close reading of EACH quote you use include
    that thinking in your explanation sentences.
  • Each page, but the first, needs your last name
    and page number in the top right.
  • Ackerman 12
  • First page needs MLA heading and creative title.
  • You need a Works Cited that includes both primary
    sources.
  • Check your topic and concluding sentences of each
    paragraph to see that they have matching
    thoughts.
  • Make sure all titles are italicized.
  • Make sure all quotes or paraphrases are cited.
  • Make sure you show critical thinking and
    intellectual risk taking instead of plot summary.
  • SPELL CHECK!
  • Use the rubric to grade yourself.

34
Problem AreasIf you make-ah these mistakes,
Ill-ah take-ah 1 point offa ever-ee time-ah!
  • Spelling
  • Documentation (internal and works cited)
  • MLA heading/page number problems
  • Leads in that arent connected to your quote or
    that dont make grammatical sense (remember, the
    lead in must logically and eloquently flow into
    your quote so that it reads as a normal
    sentence!)
  • Titles with incorrect punctuation
  • Pronoun/Noun agreement
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com