Brian Maginnity August 2004

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AGFA Aerial Photography Aerial Products and
Services
Brian Maginnity August 2004
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Are you being served ?

• Products (films, papers) for black white
  photography
• Products (films, papers) for colour photography
• Technical advice in application set-up
• After sale application support Processing
  (tests), environmental issues, sensitometer,pre-
  exposed wedges, etc...

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Black White Products

• Recording film
• Duplicating film
• Photographic paper (Agfa Aerial Paper)
• Chemicals (Agfa Aerial Products)
• Processors (Colenta)
• Dodging printer (Scanatron)

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Black White Recording Films

• Assortment
• Applications
• Use
• Product Profile and Requirements
• Characteristics
• Imaging Techniques

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Black White Recording FilmsAssortment

• Films Processing
• Aviphot Pan 80
• Aviphot Pan 200 Colenta Aerial Processors
• Aviphot Pan 400 S Versamat and other
  continuous tone processors

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Black White Recording FilmsApplications

• Photogrammetry (mapping, cadaster )
• tendency to use colour images is obvious
• emerging competition of digital airborne
• Inventory Studies (NIR sensitivity)
• satellite imagery /Digital airborne
• false colour IR films (no Agfa product)

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Film for recon applications

• Reconnaissance (Oblique and vertical )
• airborne- SAR is latest battlefield technology
• UAV with video for close recon.
• Film still valid because
• high definition imagery / large footprint
• universality and compatibility
• sturdy and operational (can be scanned too !)

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Black White Recording FilmsUse

• Aviphot Pan 80
• High altitude (with FMC at low, medium to high
  altitudes)
• Used as pan-chromatic B/W duplication film (from
  colour negs.)
• Military and civilian applications
• Aviphot Pan 200
• Low, medium or high altitude
• Military and civilian applications

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Black and White recording filmsUse

• Aviphot Pan 400S
• Low altitude or high contrast objects
• allows for uncritical film exposure.
• optimised for film scanning
• military and civilian applications
• Pan 400s PE0 major business in security camera

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Black White Recording FilmsProduct Profile
Requirements

• Good detail rendering
• Extended sensitivity into the near infrared (less
  scattering, higher reflection)
• High resolution
• Maximum speed ? minimum granularity
• Appropriate processing and sensitometry
• Dimensional stability
• Easy scanning
• Good physical properties

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Black White Recording FilmsCharacteristics

• Aviphot Pan 80 PE1
• Popular film in mapping community
• Excellent contrast range variable in processing
• Very high resolution
• Extended near infra-red sensitivity

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Black White Recording FilmsApplications

• Aviphot Pan 80 PE1 and Pan 80 PE0
• High resolution panchromatic duplication film
• Military reconnaissance up to 30.000 ft (with
  AD74)
• Cartography replaces Pan 200
• very fine grain
• best scanning results
• larger blow ups
• more scales in one photo flight.

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Black White Recording FilmsCharacteristics

• Aviphot Pan 200 PE1 and Pan 200 PE0
• Main military / mapping film (average light
  conditions)
• NIR extension used in forestry applications
• Large contrast variation during processing (at 30
  C during 20 to 70 s)
• low gamma high gamma
• In G 74 0.80 1.80
• In Kodak 885 developer 0.85 1.70

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Black White Recording FilmsCharacteristics
Spectral Sensitivity

• Spectral sensitivity of Aviphot Pan 200

Log sensitivity
2.5
--- D 0.3 above fog D 1.0 above fog
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
Wavelength (nm)
0
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
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Black White Recording FilmsCharacteristics
Spectral Sensitivity

• Extended spectral sensitivity into the near
  infrared

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Percentageof reflectance
80
Lime stone
Fresh snow
60
Autumnal woods
Wet meadows
Desert
40
Dry meadows
Asphalt roads
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Water
0
400
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
Relative spectral reflection curves of different
surfaces
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Black White Recording FilmsCharacteristics
spectral response in lab
Test wedges
731 nm filter no filter
701 nm filter no filter
650 nm filter no filter
519 nm filter no filter
410 nm filter no filter
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Black White Recording Films Characteristics
spectral response in lab

• The impact of filters on the sensitometry -
  Example
• Characteristic curve of Aviphot Pan 200 with
  different filters

D
1
2
2.4
3
2.1
4
1.8
5
1.5
6
1.2
0.9
Proc G74c, 30 C, 40 seconds
0.6
0.3
0.0
log It










3
2.70
2.40
2.10
1.80
1.50
1.20
0.90
0.60
0.30
0
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Black White Recording FilmsImaging Techniques
The blue component of white light is heavily
affected by the front and back scatter. The near
infrared spectral reflection is hardly
affected. The near infrared reflected image shows
the best resolution. The back scatter of the
blue light illuminates the shadows
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650 nm filter
515 nm filter
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Black White Recording FilmsImaging Techniques

• Two different imaging techniques
• Yellow filter
• Agfa system Blue green red near infrared
• Other system Diminished blue green red

Blue light Green light Red light Near infrared
light
Film plane
Object
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Black White Recording FilmsImaging Techniques
Instead of having no image details in the black
shadows, the image details are revealed by the
front scatter of the blue light Resulting picture
Agfa system with blue light information
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Black White Recording FilmsImaging Techniques

• Advantages of the Agfa system
• No loss of blue shadow information
• No loss of blue contribution to overall speed
• Better haze penetration (sensitized into the near
  infrared)
• Better image differentiation in density levels on
  film

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Pan 400s

• Replaces Pan 200s
• Target applications ?
• Survey market for wide latitude applications
• Survey market for low light / long shadow
• Military market for reconnaissance

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Black White Duplicating Materials

• Films
• Photographic papers

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Black White Duplicating FilmsAssortment

• Duplicating films
• Avitone P 0 p, P 1 p, P 3 p P1pHR
• Direct duplicating films
• Avitone PD 1pOS
• Avitone PD 3pOS

Processing in Colenta aerial processors Versamat
and other continuous tone processors
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Black and White Duplicating filmsAssortment

• Diapostive films
• P0p,P1p,P3p
• Films with contrast gain (gamma 1.3 (20s) to 1.6
  (70s))
• For mapping on analogue equipment
• Contracting market
• P1pHR
• extremely fine grain for scanner use
• extremely sharp images
• low density for best S/N range on scanners
• suited for identical copy

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Black and White duplicating filmsAssortment

• Direct duplication films
• PD1p OS
• For creating an identical copy of an original
• OS means open skies
• Many archive duplication projects around
• PD3p OS
• No competition product
• Important for duplication of archives

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OPEN SKIES
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Black White PapersAssortment

• Rapitone P1-P2 fixed grade paper
• Rapitone M2 multicontrast paper
• Paper prints diminishing sales for Agfa
• market color oriented
• Military big volume, bottom price market
• market fade-out depends on market situation in
  2004

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Black White Processing Chemicals

• Quality Goals for density range
• Processing chemicals

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Black White ProcessingGoals

• Recording films
• Standard processing film/chemistry (G74c)
  combination of same manufacturer best image
  trade-off
• Under-processing
• better grain and sharpness, lower speed and
  gradation
• enough light ? Fixing ? Washing ?
• Over-processing
• larger grain and less sharpness, speed and
  contrast gain

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Black White ProcessingGoals

• Duplicating films
• Can be processed in G 74 and rapid access
  developers
• (e.g. G 101)
• For projection only Look for an average gradient
  between 1.2 and 1.5
• For use on a scanner
• Low densities generate low digital image noise
• Look for a density difference of max 0.6 (also
  recording films)
• Look for lowest possible fog level (Dmin)

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Black White ProcessingGoals

• Photographic Paper
• Can be processed in G 74 and rapid access
  developers
• (e.g. G 101)
• Little impact of chemistry on the sensitometry
• Development agent in the paper coating
• Select grade to match density difference in the
  recording film

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Black White ProcessingProcessing chemicals

• Developers
• G 74 c (recording film, duplicating film and
  paper)
• V-dev (duplicating film and paper)
• AD 74 (booster of G74c)
• Fixers
• G 333 c/ V-fix aditan (10ml/liter),
  replenishment rate 500 ml/m²
• Development conditions
• Typical for the used chemicals
• G 74 c 30 C, replenishment rate 250 - 300 ml/m²
• V-dev 35 C, replenishment rate 250 ml/ m²

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Black and White ProcessingProcessing chemicals

• AD74 in combination with new developer G 74 c and
• starter G 74 s
• Allows fast processing (40 seconds sensitometry
  at 20 seconds)
• 40 seconds sensitometry is steeper and faster
• Can be airshipped without restrictions
• Fixer G 333 c / V-fix Aditan hardener
• Fast fixer (minimum recommended fixing time 20
  seconds)
• Can be airshipped without restrictions

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Open Skies
Agfas Black White Systemfor Aerial
Photography Open System
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Aviphot color films
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Colour Products

• Recording film
• Copying materials
• Chemicals

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Recording Film

• Assortment
• Use
• Product Profile and Requirements
• Characteristics

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Recording FilmAssortment

• Films Processing systems
• Aviphot Color X100 PE1 Agfacolor Process AP70 (
  C41)
• Aviphot Color X400 PE1 Agfacolor Process AP70 (
  C41)
• Aviphot Color N400 PE1 Agfacolor Process AP70 (
  C41
• Aviphot Color N800 PE1 Agfacolor Process AP70
  (C41)
• Aviphot Chrome 200 PE1 Agfacolor Process AP44 (
  E6)

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Recording FilmUse

• Aviphot Color X400 PE1
• Low to high altitudes (600 m to 8000 m)
• Normal colour saturation
• Un-masked colour negative film

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Recording FilmUse

• Aviphot Chrome 200 PE1
• Low to high altitudes (600 m to 6000 m)
• Regular colour saturation
• Improved colour rendering system since 2002

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Recording FilmCharacteristics

• Aviphot Color N400 PE1
• Multi-purpose film
• Can be imaged at 400 ASA and 640 ASA speed
  setting
• 400 ASA regular colour saturation when
  processed for 3 min 17 seconds
• 640 ASA high colour saturation when processed
  for 5 min 20 secondsUsed in early and late
  season, or for flights in poor light conditions
• Low granularity, very good resolution (emulsion
  based on the APS film technology)

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Recording FilmCharacteristics

• Aviphot color X100 PE1
• Unmasked negative aerial film
• High color saturation (inter-image effects )
• Processes well in C-41or AP70.
• APS film generation
• extremely low grain
• very high sharpness (highest in the market)
• Back-layer against scratches and anti-Newton rings

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Recording filmsCharacteristics

• Low to high altitude film
• 3min15s development low contrast ( important
  for large scale in winter period long shadows)
• 5min 20s development high contrast ( altitudes
  up to 25.000 ft - no color quipping in the image)
• Designed for scanning
• Low and neutral Dmin
• bright and pure colors
• no or little color balance adjustments after
  inversion

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Recording FilmCharacteristics
X-100 AN-6 and C-41 processing ? - initial
AN-6 development OK -present AN-6 generates a
high fog on X-100
we are dealing with this problem
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Recording FilmCharacteristics
X-100 with improved UV layer
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Recording filmsCharacteristics

• Aviphot color N800 PE1
• masked color negative processable in C-41
• low altitude/ low light / fast moving object
  applications
• military and civil applications
• regular color saturation type
• High speed (800 to 1600 asa when pushed )
• PET base with Special back for fast film
  transport/winding
• APS film
• fine grain, high sharpness

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Copying Materials

• Assortment
• Characteristics

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Copying MaterialsAssortment

• Copying Film Processing
• Avitone CP 94 Agfacolor Process AP94 Diaps from
  masked
• an unmasked negatives ( RA-4)
• 
  
• Avitone CP70 Agfacolor Process AP70
• High quality diaps from Agfacolor Process AP94
• masked and unmasked negs ( C-41 or RA-4)

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Colour duplication filmCharacteristics

• Avitone CP70
• Extreme high resolution film for color
  diapositives
• Extreme fine grain
• Smooth color rendering
• low contrast for shadow detail for large scale
  applications
• On 180µ (7 mils) Pet stable base
• Allows copying of high res films (X100,N400)
  without losses
• UNRIVALED QUALITY
• Universal processing.
• longer exposure times than CP94

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Copying MaterialsCharacteristics

• Avitone CP 94
• Generates slides from colour negatives
• High sensitivity shortens exposure time and
  boosts production
• Short processing time contributes to swift colour
  corrections
• Processing in AP94 or RA-4 chemicals (in
  Duraclear mode)
• Freshening of flat colours
• Accepts writing by laser (for contacts or
  projections)
• Colour density range up to 3
• Dimensionally stable PET on 180 µm base

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CP 70 / CP 94 IMAGES
cp94
cp70
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Copying materialsAssortment

• Papers
• Rapitone aerial color paper C1 (glossy)
• Rapitone aerial color paper C2 (semi-matt)
• - restricted assortment of formats and rolls
• - regular saturation paper
• - AP94 processing RA-4 processing

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After Sales Application SupportProcessing Control

• SPC (Statistics Process Control) support
  programme
• Pre-exposed wedges on Pan 200
• Sensitometric graph paper for B/W curves
• Aerial Sensitometer
• Aviphot Perfect unexposed wedges on Aviphot Pan
  200

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AVISENSE

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Dodging Printer

• Scanatron
• Roll film handling
• High energy output short exposure times
• Colour and B/W film handling
• World-wide Scanatron support

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P11AN ECM-dodging printerwith automatic
transport
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Processors

• Colenta
• Full range of aerial colour and black-and-white
  processors
• Colour and B/W paper processing
• World-wide Colenta support

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Barbieri Densitometers

• Hand held Densitometers
• For paper and film / colour and black white
• Colour Management System
• QC-Xpert Software for process control

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Aerial Photography
Agfa - Scanatron - Colenta The Winning Team