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Unit VIII – Boom Times and Challenges

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Title: Unit VIII – Boom Times and Challenges


1
Unit VIII Boom Times and Challenges
  • Chapter 25 The Great Depression
  • Section 3 Americans Face Hard Times

2
Americans Face Hard Times
  • The Big Idea
  • All over the country, Americans struggled to
    survive the Great Depression.
  • Main Ideas
  • Parts of the Great Plains came to be known as the
    Dust Bowl as severe drought destroyed farms
    there.
  • Families all over the United States faced hard
    times.
  • Depression-era culture helped lift peoples
    spirits.
  • The New Deal had lasting effects on American
    society.

3
Main Idea 1 Parts of the Great Plains came to
be known as the Dust Bowl as severe drought
destroyed farms there.
  • Hard times for farmers began in the 1920s because
    prices for farm products remained low.
  • Severe drought hit the Great Plains in the early
    1930s.
  • Lasted most of the decade
  • Crops withered away
  • Massive dust storms swept the region, turning the
    region into a Dust Bowl.

4
Effects of the Dust Bowl
  • Farmers could not raise crops.
  • Could not pay mortgages
  • Many lost their farms.
  • Government tried to assist.
  • New Deal programs offered price stabilization and
    loans to farmers.
  • Scientific advances in soil conservation and
    farming methods
  • Too little, too late
  • People began leaving the region
  • 2.5 million left the area

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7
Devastation in the Dust Bowl
  • Nature delivered another cruel blow. In 1931 rain
    stopped falling across much of the Great Plains
    region.
  • This drought, or period of below average
    rainfall, lasted for several years, and millions
    of people had fled the area by the time it
    lifted.
  • Agricultural practices in the 1930s left the area
    vulnerable to droughts.
  • Land once covered with protective grasses was now
    bare, with no vegetation to hold the soil in
    place.
  • When wind storms came, they stripped the rich
    topsoil and blew it hundreds of miles. The dust
    sometimes flew as far as the Atlantic Coast.
  • Dust mounds choked crops and buried farm
    equipment, and dust blew into windows and under
    doors.
  • The storms came year after year, and the hardest
    hit areas of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New
    Mexico, and Texas eventually became known as the
    Dust Bowl.

8
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9
Devastation of the Dust Bowl
  • Great Plains Drought- 1931
  • Dust storms
  • brought on by years of careless agriculture
    practices.
  • Wind storms stripped away topsoil and blew it for
    hundreds of miles.
  • Drifts choked crops, buried farms and blew into
    homes.
  • Dust Bowl

10
Devastation of the Dust Bowl
102 min.
11
Fleeing the Plains
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14
Devastation of the Dust Bowl
  • Migration
  • Fleeing the Plains- Okies
  • People quit, packed up and moved.
  • End of 1930s- 2.5 million left.
  • Headed west on Route 66 to California and migrant
    farm camps.
  • Met by resistance and discrimination.
  • Grapes of Wrath- book

15
Migration the Dust Bowl
417 min.
16
Migration the Dust Bowl
250 min.
17
The Dust Bowl
  • Why was the Dust Bowl so devastating?
  • Recall- What would happen if a farmer could not
    make his mortgage payments?
  • Make Inferences What could you infer about the
    condition of farm soil after the drought?

18
Life in the 30's (0526)
19
Main Idea 2Families all over the United States
faced hard times.
  • American families faced hard times.
  • Many forced to split up.
  • Some roamed the country trying to find work.
  • Children often had to drop out of school and take
    low-paying jobs or leave home and fend for
    themselves.

20
Homeless People on the Road
21
Eating in a Breadline
22
Life in the Depression
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24
Minority Groups and the Depression
Mexican-Americans
  • As white families moved west, it became harder
    for Mexican Americans to find work.
  • In California, local leaders and unions convinced
    government to deport many Mexican-born workers
    and their children, many of whom were U.S.
    citizens.

African Americans
  • Faced discrimination
  • Many lost jobs to unemployed white workers.
  • Many able to find work through relief programs.
  • African American leaders acted as advisors to
    Roosevelt.
  • Mary McLeod Bethune was an educator appointed to
    Roosevelts cabinet.
  • African Americans appointed to Roosevelts
    cabinet were known as the Black Cabinet.

25
New Roles for Women
  • Women
  • Roosevelt promoted and recognized women.
  • Frances Perkins Secretary of Labor was the
    first woman to head an executive office.
  • Ruth Bryan Owen served as minister to Denmark.
  • Roosevelt appointed women to such posts as
    director of the U.S. Mint and assistant secretary
    of the Treasury.
  • Women served as leaders in several New Deal
    agencies.
  • Still, women faced challenges and discrimination.
  • Lower wages
  • Less opportunities
  • Hostility in the workplace

26
Hard Times
  • Recall- Why did some people leave home during
    the Depression?
  • Elaborate How do you think children who dropped
    out of school or left their families must have
    felt?

27
Hard Times
  • Recall- In California, who convinced the
    government to deport Mexican-born workers?
  • Describe Explain the Roosevelts attitude
    toward African Americans?

28
Main Idea 3Depression-era culture helped lift
peoples spirits.
Works Progress Administration put artists to
work and helped to create a record of life during
the Depression
WPA
Writers like John Steinbeck explored the theme of
Depression life in his writings.
Literature
  • Some musicians, like folk singer Woody Guthrie,
    expressed themes of loss and struggle, reflecting
    the American Depression experience.
  • Swing music helped people forget their troubles
    and lifted spirits.

Music
  • Radios provided inexpensive entertainment with
    music and popular radio shows.

Radio
  • Movies offered Americans another way to escape
    from reality.

Film
29
Art of the Great Depression
  • Painters and sculptors fashioned works depicting
    the struggles of the working class.
  • Authors and playwrights focused on the plight of
    the rural and urban poor.
  • Writer John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath
  • Songwriter Woody Guthrie celebrated the lives of
    ordinary people.
  • Writer James Agees Let Us Now Praise Famous Men
  • Photographers
  • Dorothea Lange recorded images of jobless people
    and the rural poor.
  • Walker Evans depicted the lives of sharecroppers
    in the Lower South.

30
Popular Entertainment of the Great Depression
  • Movies
  • Millions of Americans went to the movies each
    week.
  • Most films were upbeat and allowed viewers to
    escape the depression.
  • Grand musicals and comedies were popular.
  • Animation and color photography delighted
    audiences.
  • Radio
  • Provided politics, religion, music, sports, and
    other forms of entertainment
  • Introduced new music styles such as jazz and
    swing
  • Action shows such as The Lone Ranger and comedies
    such as Fibber McGee and Molly were popular.
  • Sports
  • Interest in sports remained strong in the 1930s.
  • Baseball was popular.
  • Babe Ruth
  • Joe DiMaggio
  • Boxing was hugely popular.
  • Joe Lewis

31
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32
Entertainment (0227)
33
Dorothea Lange
Dorothea Lange was a celebrated chronicler of the
Great Depression. She recorded images of jobless
people in her hometown of San Francisco.
Lange worked for the Farm Security
Administration. She was hired to document the
plight of the poor and, through her images, gain
public support for New Deal programs.
Langes photographs of the rural poor helped
raise awareness about the poorest of the poor
sharecroppers and tenant farmers. In 1937 the
federal government finally began to provide help
to sharecroppers and tenant farmers.
34
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35
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36
Lifestyles (0149)
37
Sports Games (0315)
38
Depression-Era Culture
  • Recall- Why sort of workers did the WPA hire?
  • Summarize In what way did the WPA preserve
    American culture?
  • Rate What is your opinion about using public
    money for art?

39
Main Idea 4 The New Deal had lasting effects on
American society.
  • The New Deal has had long-reaching effects
  • Gave Americans help and hope in a time of severe
    crisis
  • Expanded the role of federal government
  • Some agencies and programs still exist today and
    remain an important part of American society.
  • Social Security still provides economic relief to
    the elderly, children, and those with
    disabilities.
  • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation protects
    the savings of bank customers.

40
Effects of the New Deal
  • Recall- When did America finally fully recover
    from the Great Depression?
  • Make Generalizations What was offered by the
    New Deal Programs?
  • Evaluate What is your opinion about the federal
    programs from the 1930s that still exist today?
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