Energy Savings Impacts of the Advanced Energy Design Guide: Small Office Buildings

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Energy Savings Impacts of the Advanced Energy
Design Guide Small Office Buildings

• Bing Liu, P.E.
• Research Engineer
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
• Tel [phone]
• Bing.liu_at_pnl.gov

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Energy Use Simulation Approach

• Scoping Study
• Baseline building Standard 90.1-1999
• Advanced building Off-the-Shelf technology
• Two Models 5,000 sf and 20,000 sf office
  buildings
• Use eQuest to test run in four climate locations
  Miami, Phoenix, Seattle and Duluth
• Full Study
• 15 representative locations in 8 DOE Climate
  Zones
• Use DOE-2.2 directly to make 60 parametric runs
  for full study

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5,000 ft² Office Prototype

• Square floor plan
• Single story
• Frame construction
• 20 window-to-wall ratio
• Single tenant

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20,000 ft² Office Prototype

• Square floor plan
• 2-story
• Masonry construction
• 30 window-to-wall ratio
• 3 tenants

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What is in the Baseline Building?

• Comply with Standard 90.1-1999
• Insulation requirements for roofs, walls, floors
  and slabs
• U-Value and SHGC for window glazing
• U-Value for doors
• Interior lighting power density
• Mechanical equipment efficiency
• Economizer requirement
• And more

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What is in the Baseline Building?

• When not specified by 90.1-1999
• Room Thermostat
• Setpoint 75F cooling 70F heating
• Setback/Setup 80F cooling 65F heating
• Office Equipment Plug Load
• Schedules
• Energy Policy Act Standard analysis
• Recent research study and peer review comments
• Fan Static Pressure

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Plug Load Schedule - Weekday20,000 sf Office
Building
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What is in the Advanced Building?

• Envelope
• Cool roofs
• Better insulations
• High performance windows and doors
• Overhangs for windows except facing north
• Interior Lighting
• Reduced installed lighting power density
• Daylighting harvest for WWR 25 or higher
• Daylighting dimming control on south and north
  perimeter zones
• Occupancy Sensor

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What is in the Advanced Building?

• Mechanical System
• Higher efficiency unitary equipment in some
  climate zones
• Motorized outside air damper control
• Demand Control Ventilation (DCV)
• Lower duct friction rate 0.08 in/100 ft vs. 0.10
  in/100 ft of standard practice
• Service Water Heater
• Higher thermal efficiency for gas-fired storage
  water heater or
• Gas-fired instantaneous water heater

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Energy Savings of Advanced vs. Base
Building (Without Plug Load)
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Energy Savings of Advanced vs. Base
Building (Including Plug Load)
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Energy Use Index 5,000 sf Office Building
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Energy Use Index 20,000 sf Office Building
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Comparison of Energy Savings 5,000 sf Office
Building
Average Savings of All the Climate Zones 38
49.1
36.4
35.6

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Comparison of Energy Savings 20,000 sf Office
Building
Average Savings of All the Climate Zones 38
43
38
35

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Advanced Simulation Challenges

• Real windows vs. DOE-2 window library
• Window Shading Coefficient Method
• Window Library Method
• Window Layers Method

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Advanced Simulation Challenges

• Occupancy sensor
• DOE-2 doesnt have occupancy sensor module
• Modify the lighting schedule to estimate the
  potential energy savings from the occupancy
  sensors

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Advanced Simulation Challenges

• Demand ventilation control
• No CO2 sensor module in DOE-2
• Modify the outside air change rate to reflect the
  average reduction of the outside intake using CO2
  sensor 20

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Advanced Simulation Challenges

• Motorized outside air damper control
• Potentially saving cooling and heating energy
  during nights by closing the OA damper when fans
  cycle on to maintain space setback temperature
• Hourly-based simulation may over-estimate the
  energy savings from the motorized outside air
  damper in the cold climates

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Questions?

• Bing Liu, P.E.
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
• Tel [phone]
• Bing.liu_at_pnl.gov