Ramadhan

1
Ramadhan

• Recommended
• Deeds

2
Ramadhan3 Parts

• The holy month of Ramadhan is divided into three
  parts
• Rahmat meaning "mercy of Allah
• Maghfirat meaning "forgiveness of Allah
• Nijaat meaning "salvation"

3
Ramadhan3 Parts

• In the first part Allah showers mercy and
  blessings, so that his servants may acquire all
  their needs
• In the second part the servants are purified
• of
  past sins
• In the third part - Allah keeps them under His
• 
  benevolence and kindness
• - accepts
  prayers
• - keeps
  them safe from
• His wrath
  in the Hereafter

4
RamadhanDesired Actions

• Good and desired actions specified for Ramadhan
• .A. Careful performance of obligatory acts
• salaat
• fasting

5
RamadhanDesired Actions

• .B. Increasing the supererogatory acts
• reading Quran
• performance of the Taraweeh prayer
• performance of the Tahajjud prayer
• giving charity
• itikaaf

6
Ramadhan

• Significance

7
Hadith

• Prophet Muhammadsaw said
• Ramadhan burns the sins and faults,
• just as the fire burns the wood.

8
QuranSurah Al Baqarah 183

• Fasting was made obligatory for the followers of
  all the Prophets
• ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????
  ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????
• ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????
  ??????????
• O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for
  you, as it was prescribed for those who preceded
  you that perhaps you will be mindful of God.

9
RamadhanWhy is it important ?

• The Holy Quran,
• The greatest favor upon humankind, was gifted
  in
• this month
• It is the month of Quran
• Ramadhan is declared by Allah as a month of
  blessings

10
RamadhanWhy is it important ?

• An annual institution containing all conceivable
  attributes for human excellence
• training for the body and soul
• a renewal of life
• encouraging the spirit of sharing and giving

11
Hadith

• The importance of this divine month was
  reiterated by the Prophetsaw when he said,
• The Month of Ramadhan is the month of Allah
  (God), bringing His Mercy and Forgiveness.

12
RamadhanMoral Significance

• Month of obligatory fasting
• Fast of Ramadhan commemorating the revelation of
  Qur'an
• A time to reflect and refresh pledge of being
  perfect witnesses of the Prophets lifestyle
• Time to look at ones self critically
• Abstinence and restrain practiced

13
RamadhanMoral Significance

• Saum of Ramadhan instills Taqwa and fear of
  Allah
• controls 2 aspects of body, which are the root
  causes of human downfall
• - the stomach
• - the private parts

14
RamadhanSocial Significance

• Ramadhan is known as the month of invitations and
  visitations
• Enhances and energizes friendships and family
  ties
• The Prophetsaw called it a month of sympathy
• Instills empathy for the indigent
• An equalizer of rich and poor

15
RamadhanSpiritual Significance

• The Prophet (pbuh) said that
• "When Ramadhan starts, the gates of paradise
  are opened and the gates of Hell are closed and
  the Satans are chained.
• The Prophet (pbuh) has said in the meaning
• Woe to one, Ramadhan reached to him but he
  could not use it for forgiveness of his sins
• Allah denies access of Satans to believers deeds
  so they can come closer to Him

16
RamadhanSpiritual Significance

• Instills the essence of consciousness of Allah
• increases moral courage
• guides the heart (Qalb) from spoilage and moral
  indecency
• level of Taqwa is raised, the person avoids the
  sins
• a believer becomes one with religion
• feels a genuine need to do good

17
RamadhanSpiritual Significance

• The Prophet (pbuh) said
• "Fasting is regarded as having acquired half
  of
• patience"
• Patience is the pinnacle of self-mastery,
  discipline and spiritual agility
• Rigorous disciplining during Ramadhan
• Leading of a more refined and introspective life

18
RamadhanSpiritual Significance

• Increased generosity of Muslims
• Increased Taqwa during Ramadhan
• Allah accepts repentance
• Acceptance of Duas

19
RamadhanSignificance for Health

• Improves all aspects of health
• Regularises life
• Moderates lifestyle
• Time to give up bad habits
• Control over addictions
• Detoxifies and purifies body
• Rests the digestive system (stomach, secretions)
• Beneficial for blood pressure, obesity
• Better mental health (less stress, more inner
  peace)

20
RamadhanBlessings

• Ramadhan is the period of purgation
• The blessings of Ramadhan are not limited to
  fasting alone
• any worship is rewarded many times over
• good deeds also a source of great Divine favor
• Muslims ask for Allah's blessings to make their
  life meaningful

21
RamadhanAcceptance of Duas

• In Ramadhan Allah answers the servants
  supplication 
• The Prophet, pbuh, said
• To every Muslim is an answered supplication
  (duaa) in Ramadhan. 
• this particular time is at Iftar 

22
RamadhanReading Quran

• It is the duty of every Muslim to read Quran in
  Ramadhan
• - try to understand meaning of the Quran
• - gain insight into the Divine message
  enshrined
• therein
• It brings peace and illumination to the mind
• Imparts purity to the soul

23
RamadhanHistorical Importance

• Of historical significance too
• the revelations of the Holy Qur'an commenced in
  this month
• battle of Badr fought in Ramadhan
• conquest of Mecca also took place during this
  month

24
Ramadhan

• Ramadhan and
• The Quran

25
QuranSurah Al-Baqarah 185

• ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????
  ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????
  ???????? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ???????
  ????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????? ????
  ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????
  ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????
  ???????????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????
  ????????????? ???????????

26
QuranSurah al Baqarah 185

• Ramadhan is the (month) in which the Qur'an was
  sent down, as a guide to mankind, also clear
  (Signs) for guidance and judgment (Between right
  and wrong). So every one of you who is present
  (at his home) during that month should spend it
  in fasting

27
Ramadhan and QuranThe Link

• This Quranic verse explains the inseparable link
  between Quran and Ramadhan
• The revelation to Prophet Muhammadsaw began in
  this month
• The night in which the Qur'an was revealed is
  known as The Night of Power or The Night of
  Destiny.

28
Ramadhan A Celebration

• Ramadhan can be said to be a celebration of the
  revelation
• A celebration of the Quran as a living guidance
  to humanity
• A proof of the divinity of Allah
• A proof of the authenticity of the Prophethood of
  Muhammadsaw
• Proof of the supremacy of revelation over all
  else

29
RamadhanKey facts about the Quran
30
RamadhanLaylat ul Qadr

• ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????????
• Lo!
• We revealed it on
• the Night of Predestination

31
RamadhanLaylat ul Qadr

• Importance attached to this night
• A time for especially fervent and devoted prayer
• Rewards and blessings are manifold
• Praying throughout this one night is better than
  a thousand months of prayer

32
RamadhanFinding Night of Power

• No one knows exactly which night it is it is one
  of God's mysteries
• The Prophetsaw instructed Muslims to search for
  it during the odd nights of the last 10 days of
  Ramadhan without specifying any day
• Many scholars believe it to be on the 27th

33
Ramadhan and QuranThe Link

• Highly meritorious to complete reciting the Quran
  in Ramadhan
• It was recited to the Prophet (peace be upon him)
  by Jibreel (alayhi salaam) over a period of 23
  years
• Thus, Quran literally means
• 'recitation' or 'proclamation'

34
Ramadhan and QuranThe Link

• Muslims encouraged to read the Quran regularly
  and more so in Ramadhan
• The Prophetsaw used to recite the whole Quran to
  Gabriel once every Ramadhan and twice in the year
  in which Hesaw died
• This practice emulated by completing the
  recitation of Quran at least once Ramadhan -
  especially in Tarawih prayers

35
Ramadhan

• Fasting

36
HadithMuslim

• Hadith Qudsi
• I swear by the One in Whose Hand is the soul
  of Muhammad, the breath of the faster is sweeter
  to Allah on the Day of Judgment than the scent of
  musk.

37
RamadhanThe Principle

• The principle behind Saum
• is to understand the plight of the poor and
  needy
• pledge to live a more significant and
  meaningful life

38
Hadith

• Prophet Mohammedsaw said
• "if a person observing fast does not shun
  untruth, his having given up eating and drinking
  is of little value. Such a person starves for
  nothing. And those who rise in the midnight to
  recite prayers but do not give up untruth and
  evil deeds, lose their sleep for nothing

39
RamadhanThe Fast

• For thirty days
• abstain from food, drink, evil thoughts and
  sensual indulgences
• from shortly before sunrise to shortly after
  sunset
• due reward for fasting
• one who takes this obligation lightly is a sinner

40
RamadhanThe Niyyat

• Intent of fasting
• could be verbal and in any language
• preferable to make Niyyat during night
• i.e. prior to Subah Sadiq
  
• without Niyyat, Saum is mere starvation
• (time limit for validity of Niyyat for Saum
  is before the time of Nisfun-Nahar i.e. midday in
  terms of the Shariah)

41
RamadhanMeals

• Special meals of the Saum
• Suhoor before the Fajr prayers
• Iftar evening meal
• often eaten communally
• often including dates

42
QuranSurah al Baqarah 187

• ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????
  ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????
  ????????? ??????????
• ...And now associate with them and seek what
  Allah has ordained for you and eat and drink
  until the white thread of dawn appears to you
  distinct from its black thread.

43
HadithAhmed

• The Messenger of Allahsaw said  
• "Sahuur is a blessed meal, do not neglect it
  even if it is a mouthful of drink. For Allah and
  the Angels bless those who observe it." 

44
RamadhanA Special act

• Of all the pillars of Islam, none is more special
  than siyaam/ fasting
• no possibility of Riya or show in fasting
• only Allah knows the one really abstaining
• fasting is considered a special worship

45
RamadhanBenefits

• Why fast?
• to develop patience and self-control
• to learn sympathy for the deprived
• to cleanse the body and mind

46
RamadhanBenefits

• Why fast?
• to gain appreciation for Allah's bounty
• to demonstrate the depth of one's commitment
• to protect against sin.

47
RamadhanHadith

• The Holy Prophetsaw said
• "Satan runs in the circulatory system of the
  son of Adam in the same way blood circulates in
  our system so tighten his passages with hunger
• Bukhari and Muslim

48
RamadhanThe 3 Grades of Fasting

• Ordinary Fasting
• abstaining from food, drink and sexual
  satisfaction
• Special Fasting
• abstinence and keeping ears, eyes, tongue,
  hands and feet and allorgans free from sin

49
RamadhanThe 3 Grades of Fasting

• Extra-special Fasting
• abstinence total disregard of everything but
  Allah
• - this kind of Fast broken by thinking of
  worldly
• matters
• - consists of utmost dedication to Allah
• To this third degree belongs fasting of Prophets,
  the awliya and intimates of Allah

50
RamadhanHadith Qudsi

• "All services of the son of Adam are for him
  except fasting. It is for Me, and I will reward
  him for it. Fasting is a shield. On the day you
  fast, do not use obscenity, nor yell at others,
  nor act ignorantly towards them. However, if
  anyone abuses you verbally or attempts to draw
  you to fight with him, say 'I am fasting' two
  times. The Prophet (saas) then states I swore by
  the One (Allah) in Whose Hand is the soul of
  Muhammad, the breath of the faster is sweeter to
  Allah on the Day of Judgment than the scent of
  musk. The faster experiences enjoyment twice he
  is pleased when he breaks his fast, and he is
  pleased when he meets his Maker"
• (Muslim)

51
RamadhanFasting

• Fasting is a shield
• protects believer from sin (ma'asi)
• eating increases blood flow and energy levels
• making easier for Satan to use ones own energy
  level to tempt to commit sins

52
RamadhanA test

• The fast is the single most important device to
  test
• the Iman
• the depth of sincerity
• commitment to the concept of Tauheed

53
HadithTirmidhi

• The Messenger of Allahsaw has been reported as
  saying
• "There are three categories of people whose
  supplications will not be rejected
• - the person who observes the fast until he
  breaks it,
• - a just ruler,
• - and a person who has been oppressed."

54
RamadhanSunnahs of Fasting

• 6 duties in fasting known as Sunnahs
• - Sehri or predawn meals  - Iftar
  immediately after sunset  - Tarawih Salaat
  at night  - Feed the poor and hungry  -
  Increased reading of the Holy Quran  -
  Itikaaf during the last ten days of Ramadhan
•  

55
RamadhanMustahabs of Fasting

• To partake of Sehri
• To delay the Sehri upto a little Subha
  Sadiq
•   To break one's fast immediately after
  sunset
•   To break one's fast with dates and water
• To make Niyyat at night

56
HadithBukhari, Fath ul Baari No.1933

• "If he forgets (about the fast) and eats or
  drinks absent-mindedly, then he should continue
  his fast, because it was Allah who fed him."
• In another narration, "and there is no day
  owed nor expiation required."

57
RamadhanMakroohat of Fasting

• To chew gum, rubber, plastic items etc
•   To taste food/drink and spit it out
• (If husband very ill-tempered, permissible for
  wife to taste food without swallow it)
•   Collecting saliva in the mouth and swallowing
  it to quench thirst 
• Delay a bath that has become FARZ knowingly
  until after Subha Sadiq 

58
RamadhanMakroohat of Fasting

• Using paste/tooth powder. (Miswaak permitted)
  
• Complain of hunger and thirst
•   Taking water too much up the nostrils (when
  cleaning the nose)
•   To gargle more than necessary
•   To quarrel, argue, use filthy or indecent
  words
•   To backbite, tell a lie and swear etc. are
  sinful acts

59
RamadhanRegarding Children

• The normal rule
• After age 7 order child to observe Saum
• No Qadha if child breaks the
  fast
• By age 10 compel child to fast in Ramadhan

60
RamadhanQaza saum

• Compensate unobserved fasts
• are Wajib
• without needless delay
• make Niyyat at night i.e. before Subah Sadiq
• omission due to Haidh/Nifaas must be made up
• Qadha saum need not be consecutive
• Fidyah wajib if Qaza saum not posiible

61
RamadhanKaffarah

• Penalty for deliberate nullification of Sawm of
  Ramadhan
• fasting 60 consecutive days
• those unable to fast can
• feed 60 needy 2 meals a
  day
• or pay the amount in cash
  (Sadaqah Fitr)
• or give 2kgs flour per
  poor

62
Ramadhan

• Taraweeh

63
HadithSihah Sitta except Tirmidhi

• Hazrat Aishahra says
• "The Prophet offered salah in the mosque and
  many people prayed with him. The next day he did
  the same and more people prayed with him. Then
  the people gathered on the third night but, the
  Prophet did not come out to them. In the morning,
  he said to them
• 'Surely I saw what you did, and nothing
  prevented me from coming out to you, save that I
  feared that that prayer would be made
  obligatory upon you.
• And that was during Ramadhan."

64
RamadhanTarawih

• The Prophetsaw passed away
• and Tarawih salaat remained a sunnah
• Hazrat Umarra revived the Sunnah of Tarawih
  prayer in congregation

65
RamadhanTarawih

• Tarawih (??????) is an Arabic word for
• extra prayers at night in Ramadhan
• The Prophetsaw encouraged special prayers
  during Ramadhan without commanding them as
  obligatory and said
• "Whoever prays during the nights of Ramadhan
  taraweeh with a firm belief and hoping for
  reward, all of his previous sins would be
  forgiven.
• (Sihah Sitta)

66
RamadhanTarawih

• Sunnah Muakkadah for men and women
• Tarawih with Jamat is Sunnah muakkadah for men
• after obligatory isha before witr prayers
• prayed in sets of 2 rak'at each
• customary to recite whole Quran in Ramadhan
• by reciting at least a juz per night
• If one cannot recite entire Quran,
• recite Surahs that one knows

67
Ramadhan

• Last Ashra

68
RamadhanLast Ashra

• Last 10 days are the most spiritually charged
  days of the month
• a time of special spiritual power
• Ramadhan enjoys an intrinsic superiority over all
  other months
• it's last Ashra superior to both earlier Ashras
• Lailatul Qadr or the Night of Power falls in it

69
RamadhanLast Ashra

• Hazrat Ayeshara related that
• The Apostle of Allah (peace blessings upon
  him) strove harder and took greater pains to
  observe prayer etc., during the last ten days of
  Ramadhan than during the other days.
• Muslim

70
RamadhanLast Ashra

• Night of Power The night on which the first
  verses of the Quran
• were revealed to the Prophetsaw
• Generally taken to be the 27th night of the month
• Muslims spend the entire night in prayer

71
RamadhanLast Ashra

• Hazrat Aishara said
• I asked the Messenger of Allah 'O Messenger
  of Allah, if I know what night is the night of
  Qadr, what should I say during it?' He said
  'Say O Allah, You are pardoning and You love to
  pardon, so pardon me.'
• Ahmad, Ibn Majah, and Tirmidhi
  Transliteration of Dua is "Allahumma innaka
  afuwwun tuhibbul afwa fafu annee"

72
RamadhanLast Ashra

• last ten days hold a special status
• reflected in recommendations/practices of the
  Prophetsaw and the Sahabasra
• 3 major practices
• increased praying
• Itikaf in the Masjid
• seeking Lailat ul Qadr

73
Ramadhan

• Laylat al Qadr

74
QuranSurah al Qadr

• ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????
• ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????????
• ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????
• ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????
• ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????
  ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????
• ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????

75
QuranSurah al Qadr

• In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the
  Merciful
• Lo! We revealed it on the Night of Predestination
  
• Ah, what will convey unto thee what the Night of
  Power is!
• The Night of Power is better than a thousand
  months
• The angels and the Spirit descend therein, by the
  permission of their Lord, with all decrees
• (The night is) Peace until the rising of the dawn
  

76
HadithBukhari, Muslim

• In a Hadith related by Abu Hurairahra
• The Messenger of Allahsaw said 
• "He who spends the night in prayer on the Night
  of Power, as a sign of His faith, and seeking
  rewards from Allah, his previous sins will be
  forgiven." 

77
RamadhanLaylat al Qadr

• lit. the night of destiny
• (is the night of revelation and the night of
  judgment)
• Pious Muslims spend the night (when possible for
  10 days) in the mosques
• Devote themselves to extra prayers and study of
  the Quran

78
HadithAhmed, Nasaae and Bayhaqi

• Abu Hurairahra relates
• The Messenger of Allahsaw said when one
  Ramadhan came
• "A blessed month has arrived. Observing it in
  fasting is mandated on you (the believers).
  During this month, the gates of Paradise will be
  opened and the gates of Hellfire will be closed.
  The evil ones (Shayaatin) will be handcuffed. In
  it there is one night, during which worship is
  better than worship in a thousand months. Whoever
  is denied its blessings has been denied the
  biggest blessing." 

79
RamadhanLaylat al Qadr

• This night lends Ramadhan its special
  character
• The Prophetsaw was first taught Quranic verses
  by Jibril, and the teaching continued for 10
  days
• Allah determines the course of the world for
  the coming year

80
RamadhanLaylat al Qadr

• No consensus which night of Ramadhan is Laylat al
  Qadr
• Could be any odd numbered night from 21st to the
  29th
• Traditionally, celebrated throughout the night
  of the 27th (i.e. the night between the 26th and
  27th)

81
RamadhanLaylat al Qadr

• The Night of Al-Qadr has a Fixed Date
• The best night in Ramadhan is the Night of
  Al-Qadr, based on the Prophet's saying
• "Whoever performs the night prayer on the
  Night of Al-Qadr with firm faith and while
  seeking reward, his past sins will be forgiven."

82
RamadhanLaylat al Qadr

• Hadeeth of Zurr Ibn Hubaysh
• Ubay Bin Ka'ab ra said
• "May Allah have mercy on him, his intention
  was that the people not (grow lazy) and depend
  solely (on just one night). By the One of whom
  there is no deity worthy of worship beside Him,
  it is indeed in Ramadhan. And by Allah I know on
  which night it is. It is on the night that
  Allah's Messengersaw commanded us to perform the
  Night Prayer. It is on the twenty-seventh night.
  Its sign is that the sun rises on its following
  morning bright with no rays."

83
RamadhanSearching Laylat al Qadr

• One of the odd numbered nights
• of the last 10 days of Ramadhan
• i.e. 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th.
• It has been emphasized that it is
• most likely to be the 27th night

84
RamadhanSearching Laylat al Qadr

• Signs of Laylat al Qadr are
• Early sunrise without rays
• Rainfall either at night or during the day of
  that night
• Nightsky will be slightly foggy
• Slightly lighted sky without reflections or rays
• The angels and Gabriel descend to earth for many
  purposes

85
RamadhanLaylat al Qadr

• Allah has hidden knowledge of its occurrence
• out of mercy that one can increase actions in the
  search for it during these honorable nights
• by praying
• making dhikr
• supplicating
• Allahs test to distinguish who struggles to
  find it and who is lazy and negligent

86
RamadhanObserving Laylat al Qadr

• Collective/individual observance of
• - Recitation of the Quran
• - Prayers Nafl after Tarawih
• - Remembrance of Allah or zikr
• - Supplication or Du'a for self and others
• - Reading books of Hadeeth

87
RamadhanObserving Laylat al Qadr

• Collective/individual observance of
• - Reading Tafseer of Quran
• - Explaining Islam for benefit others
• - Giving charity
• - Pondering and contemplating
• "...and they contemplate the (wonders of)
• creation in the heaven and the
  earth."(3191)

88
Ramadhan

• Itikaaf

89
HadithBukhari, Volume 3,Book 33 260

• Observing it in Ramadhan is established in the
  Hadith of Abu Hurairahra
• "Allah's Messengersaw would make 'Itikaaf for
  ten days in every Ramadhan. But when it was the
  year in which he died, he made 'Itikaaf for
  twenty days."

90
RamadhanWhat is Itikaaf ?

• Seclusion in masjid for a specific purpose which
  is to worship Allah
• it is a Sunnah
• best time is Ramadhan, sp last 10 days
• best in Masjid where Friday prayers also held
• cannot be done at home
• no kaffarah if voided, but reobserve it

91
RamadhanPrerequisites of Itikaaf

• 4 prerequisites
• Islam
•   Sane (person should not be mad)
•   Taharat (be free from Hadath e Akbar)
•   Niyyat (Intention)

92
RamadhanDuring Itikaaf

• A Mutakif should engage himself in
  Ibaadat 
• Recital of the Holy Quran
• Nafl Salaat and Zikr
•   Durood Sharif and Istighfaar
•   Remembrance of Allah
• Learn or teach the knowledge of deen

93
RamadhanBenefits of Itikaaf

• Immense hidden benefit
• protection from effects of excessive socializing
• protection from evil consequences of talking and
  sleeping too much
• concentrated devotion enhances spiritual growth

94
RamadhanBenefits of Itikaaf

• Acts of Itikaaf
• turning to Allah by praying Qiyam ul Layl
• (Night prayers)
• reading Quran
• making Dhikr
• reciting duas

95
RamadhanTypes of Itikaaf

• 3 types according to Hanafi school of thought
• Wajib Itikaaf
• when a person makes it obligatory upon himself
• eg after fulfillment of a prayer

96
RamadhanTypes of Itikaaf

• Sunnah Itikaaf
• seclusion in a Masjid for last 10 days of
  Ramadhan
• (as per the practice of Rasulullahsaw)
• Nafil Itikaaf
• no special time/specific number of days
• Imam Abu Hanifahra states that it must be for
  at least one full day

97
HadithSahih Abu Dawood 2135

• Aishahra said
• "The Sunnah for the one doing Itikaaf is that
  he should not go out (of the masjid) except for
  some need that he must fulfill. He should not
  witness a funeral, nor should he touch his wife,
  or have intercourse with her. And there is no
  Itikaaf except in a masjid that establishes the
  Jamaah (congregational prayer). And the Sunnah
  for the one doing'Itikaaf is that he should be
  fasting (on the day he makes Itikaaf)."

98
RamadhanConditions of Itikaaf

• The sunnah is that
• one does not visit the sick during itikaaf
• does not answer the invitation
• nor fulfill the needs of his family
• not witness the funeral (by following it)
• not go to work outside the masjid
• not touch his wife
• not leave to fulfill a need except that which is
  necessary

99
RamadhanItikaaf for Women

• Permissible for women to do Itikaaf
• if their guardians grant them permission
• place must be free from any fitnah
• no intermingling with men

100
Ramadhan

• Eid ul Fitr

101
HadithSahih Ahmad, 3/103

• Eid - a Mercy of Allah
• The Prophetsaw told the people of Madina
• I came to you and you had in Jahiliyah 2
  days of play and amusement. Indeed, Allah has
  replaced them for you by that which is better
  than them
• The day of Nahr (slaughtering) and the day of
  Fitr (breaking fast).

102
RamadhanEid ul Fitr

• celebrated on the first day of Shawaal
• Eid means recurring happiness/festivity
• al Fitr means breaking of the fast
• 10th month of Muslim calendar
• Marks end of month of fasting
• Salat ul Eid (Eid prayers) offered
• Zakat ul Fitr
• Greetings of "Eid-Mubarak" /"a blessed Eid"
  exchanged  

103
RamadhanEid ul Fitr

• This happy day designed by Shariah
• as sign of gratitude on accomplishment of
  Ramadhan
• as an immediate reward by Allah for those who
  spent Ramadhan fasting and in other ibadah
• haraam to fast on this day
• day of forgetting grudges and ill will

104
RamadhanEid ul Fitr

• Islam has prescribed a simple yet graceful way to
  observe the happy day
• - mandatory on well-off Muslims to start the
  day by
• paying Zakat ul fitr
• - proceed to an open place to offer Eid
  prayer collectively
• - After Eid prayer, rejoice in a responsible
  manner

105
Eid Greetings(Fath al Baree 2/446)

• Jubair bin Nufair said
• The Companions of Allah's Messengersaw when
  they met on the day of Eid, would say to each
  other
• Taqabbala Allahu minna wa minkum
• (May Allah accept it from you and us)

106
RamadhanThe Night Preceding Eid ul Fitr

• Named in a Hadith as the Night of Reward
  (Lailatul Jaiza)
• The Prophetsaw would not sleep in the night
  preceding the day of Eid ul fitr
• Allah rewards those who spent Ramadhan by
  Shariah, and all their prayers in this night are
  accepted
• Desirable to perform nafl prayers in this
  night

107
HadithIbn Majah

• The Prophetsaw is reported to have said
  Whoever stands up (in worship) in the nights
  preceding the two Eids expecting rewards from his
  Lord, his heart will not die when the other
  hearts will die.

108
RamadhanRecommended Acts

• Following acts are Sunnah at the beginning of the
  day of Eid ul Fitr before the Eid prayer
• rising early in the morning
• brushing the teeth
• bathing for Eid after the Fajr prayer
• Wearing the best available dress
• Use of perfume

109
RamadhanRecommended Acts

• personal adornment and decoration
• give Zaka-ul-Fitr before going to the Eid ground
• eating something sweet before going for Eid
  Prayer
• reaching Eid ground early
• walking to the Eid ground one way and returning
  by another
• Takbir on the way in a low voice

110
RamadhanTakbeer

• Alla-u Akbar, Allah-u Akbar Allah is greatest
  Allah is greatest La-Ilaha ill-Allah There is
  no God but Allah wa-Allah-u Akbar, Allah-u
  Akbar and Allah is greatest Allah is greatest
  wa-lillah-il-hamd and all praise is for Allah

111
Ramadhan

• Zakat ul Fitr

112
Zakat ul FitrMeaning

• Zakat ul Fitr also referred to as Sadaqah al Fitr
  
• Fitr means the same as Iftaar breaking a
  fast
• From same root word - Futoor meaning
  breakfast
• Islamically, Zakat al-Fitr is the charity which
  is distributed at the end of the fast of Ramadhan

113
HadithAbu Dawud, Eng. transl. vol. 2, p. 421,
no. 1605

• In a hadith reported by Ibn Abbasra 
• "The Messenger of Allahsaw has mandated the
  obligation of fast breaking alms as a cleanser of
  the faster from (what one may have done) mistakes
  or obscene acts, and to provide for the poor.
  Whoever gives it before Eid prayer, it is an
  accepted alms, but whoever gives it after Eid
  prayer, it is only a charity like any ordinary
  charity." 

114
Zakat ul FitrWhen to pay ?

• A special charity of the month of Ramadhan
• should be given during Ramadhan anytime before
  the Eid-ul-Fitr prayer
• Because it can be given until Eid-ul-Fitr time,
  it is called Zakat-ul-Fitr
• The Prophetsaw urged Muslims to pay this charity
  in the month of Ramadhan

115
HadithMuslim, English transl. vol. 2, p.
469, no. 2155

• Abu Sa'eed al-Khudree said
• "On behalf of our young and old, free men and
  slaves, we used to take out during Allah's
  Messenger's (sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam)
  lifetime one Saa of grain, cheese or raisins".

116
Zakat ul FitrWho must pay ?

• Waajib on every Muslim as long as one has the
  means to do so
• poor or rich, man or woman, sane or insane
• amount of this zakat must be enough to feed a
  poor or needy person
• the head of the household may pay the required
  amount for the other members

117
Zakat ul FitrWhy pay it ?

• meant to expiate for any mistakes or wrongdoings
  a person may have done during this blessed month
• helps the poor and needy
• takes care of their needs in the month of
  Ramadhan
• makes it possible for them to celebrate Eid
  with other Muslims

118
HadithBukhari, Volume 2, Hadith No. 579

• Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both,
  said
• "The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him,
  enjoined the payment of one Sa of dates or one
  Sa of barley as Zakat ul Fitr on every Muslim,
  young and old, male and female, free and slave."

119
Zakat ul FitrHow much ?

• The amount is the same for everyone
• regardless of their different income brackets
• minimum amount is one Saa (two handfuls ) of
  food, grain or dried fruit for each member of the
  family
• This calculation is based on Ibn Umar's report

120
Zakat ul FitrHow much ?

• The amount fixed by the Prophet (peace and
  blessings be upon him)
• incumbent on every Muslim who possesses one
  Sa (2.176 kilograms or 4.797 pounds) of dates or
  barley
• which is not needed as a basic food for
  himself or his family
• for the duration of one day and night
• Some jurists allow paying equivalent in cash

121
Zakat ul FitrWhen to pay ?

• Should be given during Ramadhan any time
• but before the Eid prayer
• should be given to the poor and needy
• Individuals can make payments to Islamic
  charitable organizations
• These organizations then should distribute these
  funds soon and to the needy people on time

122
Zakat ul FitrVirtues

• Declared by the Prophetsaw a perquisite for the
  acceptance of fasting
• Meant to
• cement relationship between members of Muslim
  society
• alleviate pain of the poor
• cultivate sense of brotherhood and solidarity

123
HadithAbu Dawud Tirmidhi

• The Holy Prophetsaw has said
• "Have mercy upon those on earth, and those in
  heaven will have mercy upon you."

124
Zakat ul FitrImportant Points

• permissible for a wealthy woman to pay Zakat to
  her husband, who is poor, however the opposite is
  not permissible
• Zakat ul Fitr not required from one who does not
  possess a days worth of food
• Whoever possesses more than a days worth of food
  and he gives it (as his Zakat-ul-Fitr), this will
  suffice him

125
Ramadhan

• Salaat
• of
• Eid ul Fitr

126
RamadhanEid Prayer

• It is a Wajib salaat
• can be performed any time between the Ishraq
  and Zawal
• Hazrat Umarra said
• The prayer of Eid and al-Adhaa is two
  complete rakahs, not shortened. This is
  according to the words of your Prophet, and the
  liar is doomed.

127
RamadhanEid Prayer

• No Iqaamah or Azaan
• Six extra Takbeers
• The prayer comes before the khutbah
• No nafl prayers before or after the Eid prayer
• If Eid prayer in a mosque, pray 2 rakahs Tahiyat
  al-Masjid before sitting down

128
RamadhanEid Prayer

• In this Salah, Khutbah is a Sunnah
• is delivered after the Salah
• listening to the Khutbah of Eid Salah is wajib
• Eid prayer in an open field
• and not in a mosque
• If difficult, can be performed in a big mosque

129
HadithSahih Muslim, 878

• Al-Numaan ibn Bishr said
• The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings
  of Allah be upon him) used to recite on the two
  Eids and on Fridays, Sabbih isma rabbikal-alaa
  al-Alaa 871 and Hal ataaka hadeeth
  al-ghaashiyah al-Ghaashiyah 881.

130
Ramadhan

• Conclusion

131
RamadhanConclusion

• The believer knows that
• - the Lord of Ramadhan is also Lord of other
  months
• - that He is the Lord of all times and places
• - so he is steadfast upon the Shariah of Allah
• until he meets Him while He is pleased with
  him

132
RamadhanConclusion

• Righteous actions are for all times and all
  places
• Reading Quran and contemplating, is not only for
  Ramadhan but for all times
• One must continuously be
• - obedient to Allah,
• - firm upon His Shariah,
• - steadfast upon His Deen,
• - so that one is not of those who
  worship Allah
• only during one month or only in one
  place

133
RamadhanConclusion

• From signs that one's deeds are accepted,
• is improvement in obedience to Allahazza wa
  jall
• And remember when your Lord proclaimed, 'If
  you are grateful, I will surely increase you in
  favor (Quran, surah Ibrahim 7)
• So if the servant is truly thankful to his Lord,
  you will see him guided to more obedience and
  distanced from sinfulness

134
RamadhanThankfulness is leaving sins

• ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????
• And worship your Lord until there comes you
  to the certainty i.e. death.
• Quran
• surah al Hijr 99