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Heat Pumps

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Heat Pumps Agenda How does a heat pump work Why use heat pumps Types of heat pumps AAON heat pump offerings AAON Advantages E-CAT Heat Pumps How does a heat pump work? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Heat Pumps


1
Heat Pumps
2
Agenda
  • How does a heat pump work
  • Why use heat pumps
  • Types of heat pumps
  • AAON heat pump offerings
  • AAON Advantages
  • E-CAT

3
Heat Pumps
  • How does a heat pump work?
  • In cool mode, the heat pump utilizes the same
    refrigeration cycle as any typical HVAC
    equipment.
  • In heat mode, the heat pump uses the same circuit
    used for cooling, but reverses the refrigerant
    flow. Reversing the flow of the units
    refrigeration circuit allows the indoor coil to
    be used for heating.

4
Heat Pumps
5
Heat Pumps
6
Why Heat Pumps?
  • Energy Savings specifically Heating Efficiency
  • Efficiency is shown in two forms EER or COP
  • Energy Efficiency Ratio- EER used for cooling
  • Coefficient of Performance - COP used for heating
  • Efficient Gas-fired Heaters typically yield a 82
    to 92 range in heating efficiency (COP 0.82
    to 0.92) COP Capacity Out / Power In
  • Electric-resistance Heaters typically yield even
    more100 heating efficiency (COP 1.00)
  • Heat Pumps typically yield 200 to 400 heating
    efficiency (COP 2.00 to 4.00 and even higher!)
  • HOW CAN THAT BE?...

7
Heat Pumps
  • With traditional Gas or Electric air heating,
    heat is generated by the given energy source.
  • However, with Heat Pumps, very little of the heat
    is
  • generated by electricity, but the majority of the
    heat is
  • moved (or pumped) in from an outside source,
    taking
  • heat out of a medium (water/air), and
    transferring (or
  • pumping) it into the indoor space. A small amount
    of
  • electrical energy used results in a large amount
    of
  • heat output, resulting in COPs always greater
    than
  • 1.00!

8
Heat Pumps
9
Heat Pumps
  • EER verses COP
  • EER Net Cooling Capacity / Power Input
  • COPc Net Cooling Capacity / Power Input
  • COPh Net Heating Capacity / Power Input
  • EER (Net Cooling in Btu/h) / Watts
  • Convert EER to COPc
  • COPc EER / 3.413
  • Convert COPc to EER
  • EER COPc x 3.413

Cooling EER 11.1 gt 11.1 / 3.413 3.25
COPc Heating COPh 4.38
10
Heat Pumps
  • What is the minimum
  • Supply Airflow ?
  • Outside Air Temperature ?
  • Mixed Air Temperature ?
  • Leaving water temperature ?
  • It Depends
  • The design must stay within the compressor
    operating envelope

11
Heat Pumps
12
Heat Pumps
  • How to stay within operating conditions
  • Condensing Temp too low in Heating Mode
  • Raise the minimum design outside air temperature
  • Will raise the Mixed Air Temperature Entering the
    Coil
  • (raises the condensing temperature)
  • Reduce supply (condenser) airflow
  • Raises the condensing temperature
  • Heat Wheel
  • Will raise the Mixed Air Temperature Entering the
    Coil
  • (raises the condensing temperature)

13
Heat Pumps
  • Heat Pumps in Cold Climates
  • The outdoor section on some units may "frost up"
    when outdoor temperatures are between 32F and
    41F and there is sufficient moisture in the air
    which causes restriction of air flow across the
    outdoor
  • To avoid freezing over, or to remove the ice, the
    heat pump will switch to "defrost" mode. This
    setting will turn on the cooling portion of the
    heat pump in order to warm the coils.
  • During defrost the supplemental heater turns on
    (resistance electric, gas, etc.) in the indoor
    section to temper the cold air being distributed.

14
WattMaster Defrost
  • A user-adjustable Suction Temperature Setpoint
    determines when the unit will go into Defrost
    Mode during Heat Pump Heating. The unit will
    operate in Defrost Mode for 10 minutes or until
    the Head Pressure reaches 450 PSIG.
  • An Adaptive Defrost Adjustment configuration is
    available that will automatically adjust the
    length of the Defrost Timer (interval between
    Defrost Modes) depending on if the unit stays in
    Defrost Mode for the full 10 minutes or leaves
    the Defrost Mode early because of reaching a Head
    Pressure of 450 PSIG.

15
Types of Heat Pump Systems
16
Heat Pumps
  • Air to Air
  • Utilizes the typical refrigeration system with
    two fan coils
  • Air to Water
  • Utilizes a fan coil for the supply air and a
    water coil for rejecting heat in the cool mode
    and obtaining heat in the heat mode
  • Water to Water
  • Utilizes two water coils as the condenser and the
    evaporator

17
Types of Heat Pumps
Air to Air
18
Types of Heat Pumps
Air to Water
19
Types of Heat Pumps
Water to Water
20
Water Source Heat Pumps
  • Types Water Source Systems
  • Water Loop Systems A closed-loop piping system
    normally located within a building.
  • Geothermal Systems These systems take advantage
    of the earths relatively constant temperature
    and use the ground or surface water to reject or
    absorb heat. These systems offer better energy
    efficiency than either air-source or water loop
    systems and can do so at extreme ambient
    conditions.

21
Water Source Heat Pumps
  • Water-loop heat pump system (cooling mode)

22
Water Source Heat Pumps
  • Freeze Protection
  • We must recognize the freeze potential of units
    with water coils and the need for protection when
    the compressors arent running. Glycol is the
    safest way to be sure your unit is protected from
    low ambient conditions.
  • Thermostatic control of the water control valve
    is another, yet less effective way. This is
    simply a thermal override of the valve to ensure
    it stays open, allowing continuous water flow
    when the compressors are off, thus providing
    freeze protection. This is available only by a
    SPA.

23
Water Source Heat Pumps
  • Geothermal heat pump systems

24
Water Source Heat Pumps
  • The ground is a heat source in the winter and
    heat sink in the summer

25
Water Source Heat Pumps
  • An air source heat pump heats on a moderate
    winter day using a heat source of 40 deg and a
    sink of 70 deg (30 deg difference)
  • A geothermal heat pump on the same day uses a
    source of 55 deg and a sink of 70 deg (15 deg
    difference)
  • Halving the difference in temperature greatly
    increases the efficiency

26
AAONs Heat Pump Offerings
27
AAON Units
  • Packaged Units
  • RQ Series, 2-5 tons
  • RN Series, 6-70 tons
  • RL Series, 45-230 tons

Double Wall Rigid Polyurethane Foam Panel
RN Series Geothermal or Water-Source Heat Pump
Variable Capacity Compressor
28
AAON Units
  • Self Contained Units
  • SA Series, 23-70 tons
  • SB Series, 2-30 tons
  • M2 Series, 5-70 tons

SA Series Geothermal or Water-Source Heat Pump
SB Series Geothermal or Water-Source Heat Pump
29
AAON Units
  • Condensing units
  • CC Series units matched with M3, M2, SA, H3/V3,
    F1, RL, RN and RQ Series Air Handling Units, 2-63
    tons
  • CB Series Units matched with H3/V3, F1 and RQ
    Series Air Handling Units, 2-5 tons

From Geothermal Heat Exchanger
To Geothermal Heat Exchanger
30
AAON Advantages
  • Industry leading efficiencies
  • Cabinet construction
  • Corrosion resistant paint (outdoor units)
  • Direct drive fans
  • Digital Scroll Compressor option
  • Heat Wheel Option
  • Supplemental (dual fuel) heat options
  • electric, gas, hot water, or steam
  • 100 Outside Air units
  • Spec Stoppers

31
AAON Advantages
Heat pump with a VC Compressor reduces cycling
losses!
32
E-CAT32 Heat Pumps
33
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Select Heat Pump - Unit Configuration
34
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Select Half VC or ALL VC Compressors
Why ALL VC Compressors ?
35
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Selecting Supplemental Heating Types (Dual
Heating Available!) Spec Stoppers!...VC
Compressor Dual Heat !!
36
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Electric Heating Staging Options
37
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Select a Heat Wheel for Even Higher HEATING COPs
38
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Low Ambient Option 8 is not available in Heat
Pumps Due to refrigerant component complexities.
39
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Controller types available VAV, CV or MUA
Select a Control Option
40
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Select from the water-cooled options
41
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Auxiliary Heating Heating is sized to provide
only the additional heat needed to raise the
indoor coil leaving air temperature to the
desired unit leaving air temperature.
Auxiliary gt Compressors ON ! Emergency gt
Compressors OFF!
42
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Emergency Heating is sized to meet the full
heating load.
Using this selection with Electric Heat will
cause an increase in a units electrical service
requirements.
Auxiliary gt Compressors ON ! Emergency gt
Compressors OFF!
43
E-CAT Heat Pumps
MCA Limited Auxiliary heating additional
heating kW will be installed equal to the
compressor amp draw thats available when
compressors are off or the capacity needed to
raise the indoor coil leaving air temperature to
the desired unit leaving air temperature
Auxiliary gt Compressors ON ! Emergency gt
Compressors OFF!
Does not increase electrical MCA, BUT may not
meet unit heating design capacity.
44
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Specifying Unit Conditions
The cooling conditions screen for a WSHP will
also allow selection of fluid type (water or
glycol) plus input of the fluid temperature and
GPM. Standard defaults are shown.
45
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Specifying Unit Conditions
This heating tab will only be shown if a
Heating Type has been selected for Model Option
B. It will apply to any type of heat selected. It
allows a Leaving Air Temperature to be input.
46
E-CAT Heat Pumps
The heating conditions screen for a WSHP allows
input of the heating CFM, the fluid temperature
and the GPM. Standard defaults are indicated
here.
47
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Rating Sheet Format
ARI Testing in progress
48
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Rating Sheet Format
No Heat occurs when an Auxiliary Heat is not
selected or even when it is selected but it is
not required to meet the specified unit leaving
air temperature.
49
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Rating Sheet Format
50
E-CAT Heat Pumps
Rating Sheet Format
51
Literature
  • Geothermal Heat Pump Solutions

52
Questions?
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