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Unit 10 Chapter 36 The Nervous System

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Unit 10 Chapter 36 The Nervous System The Nervous System Neurons Nerves cells, the basic unit of structure & function of the nervous system The Nervous System Neuron ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Unit 10 Chapter 36 The Nervous System


1
Unit 10Chapter 36The Nervous System
2
The Nervous System
  • Neurons
  • Nerves cells, the basic unit of structure
    function of the nervous system

3
The Nervous System
  • Neuron structure
  • Dendrites
  • Branchlike extensions that receive impulses
    carry them toward the cell body
  • Cell body
  • Location of the nucleus much of the cytoplasm
  • Axons
  • Extensions carrying the impulse away from the
    cell body

4
The Nervous System
  • Categories of neurons
  • Sensory neurons carry impulses from the body to
    the spinal cord brain
  • Motor neurons carry impulses from the spinal cord
    brain to the body
  • Interneurons are found within the spinal cord
    brain, pass response impulses between sensory
    motor

5
The Nervous System
  • Transmitting an Impulse
  • Each impulse consists of an electrical charge
    that travels the length of a neurons cell
    membrane to a gap, called a synapse
  • The impulse is caused by the depolarization of
    chemicals surrounding the cell membrane
  • Chemicals called nuerotransmitters, are released
    into the synapse, which stimulates a charge in
    the next neuron

6
Transmitting an impulse along the axon
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7
Transferring signals across the synapse to an
adjoining neuron
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8
The Nervous System
  • Division of the Nervous System
  • Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Consists of the
    brain and spinal cord
  • Peripheral Nervous
    System (PNS)
  • Consists of the nerves
    that carry messages
    to from the CNS

9
The Central Nervous System
  • Anatomy of the Brain
  • Cerebrum
  • Largest lobe, controlling voluntary movement,
    intelligence, memory, the senses
  • Cerebellum
  • Located at the back,
    controlling balance, posture, and
    coordination
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Located within the brain stem,
    controlling involuntary (vital) activities

10
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla
11
The Peripheral Nervous System
  • Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
  • Made up of cranial spinal nerves, relaying
    voluntary information between the CNS and the
    skin muscles
  • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
  • Made up of the sympathetic parasympathetic
    systems, relaying involuntary responses, not
    under conscious control

12
The Peripheral Nervous System
  • Reflexes
  • An automatic, unconscious response for protecting
    the body
  • This response travels to the spinal cord where
    it responds directly back to a muscle

13
The Senses
  • Sensing Chemicals
  • Odor chemicals stimulate nerve endings in the
    nasal passages, which transmit through the
    olfactory nerve to the cerebrum
  • Chemical dissolved in saliva stimulate
    nerve endings in the taste
    buds of your tongue,
    detecting only sweet,
    sour, bitter salty

14
The Senses
  • Sensing light
  • The eyes retina contains nerve enedings called
    rods cones, which transmit impulses through the
    optic nerve to the cerebellum

Rods and Cones
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The eye
18
The Senses
  • Sensing vibrations (sound)
  • Sounds waves vibrates the eardrum, the three
    small boneshammer, anvil, stirrupthen the
    nerve endings in the cochlea, which transmit
    impulses through the auditory nerve to the
    cerebrum

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The ear
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21
The Senses
  • Sense of Balance
  • Within the inner ear are three semicircular
    canals, which contain fluid nerve endings that
    transmit impulses to the cerebellum

22
The Senses
  • Sense of Touch
  • Nerve endings in the dermis of your skin respond
    to temperature, pressure and pain, transmitting
    impulses through sensory neurons to the CNS
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