Kingdom: Protista

1
Kingdom Protista
Protists

• Protists are unicellular organisms that have a
  nucleus.

2
Similar to Bacteria

• Unicellular
• One of the first groups of living things on
  Earth. (1.5 billion years ago.)
• Microscopic
• Can cause disease.
• Can be parasites

Same
3
Difference from Bacteria

• Has a nucleus.
• Live in watery environment.
• Generally live as individual cells.
• Protists vary greatly in appearance and function.

Different
4
3 Categories

• I. Animal-like Protists.
• II. Plant-like Protists.
• III. Fungus-like Protists.

5
I. Animal-like Protists

• Protozoan means First Animal.
• Cells contain a nucleus.
• Cells lack a cell wall.
• They are heterotrophs.
• Most can move on their own.

Little Animals
6
4 Groups of Animal-like Protists

• 1. Sarcodines (SAHR-koh-dighnz)
• 2. Ciliates (SIHL-ee-ihts)
• 3. Flagellates (FLAJ- ehl-ihts)
• 4. Sporozoans (spohr-oh-ZOH-uhnz)

7
1. Sarcodines

• Have pseudopods (Greekfalse foot)
• Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm.
• Pseudopods are used for movement and to capture
  food.
• Many have shells.
• These shells form limestone, marble and chalk.

8
One type
Amoeba

• Most familiar Sarcodine.
• Pseudopods
• Blob shaped.
• Contractile Vacuoles controls amount of water
  inside
• Food Vacuole where food is digested.

9
Split Personality

• Amebas reproduce by dividing into two new cells
  (binary fission).
• Amebas can respond to their environment.
• They are sensitive to light and some chemicals.

10
2. Ciliates

• Have cilia on the outside of their cells.
• Tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to
  gather food and as feelers.

11
Type Paramecium

• Pellicle tough outer wall.
• Slipper shaped
• Oral groove like the mouth
• Gullet holds food.
• Food Vacuole digests food.
• Anal Pore removes wastes
• 2 Contractile Vacuoles
• 2 Nuclei
• Reproduces by either binary fission or
  conjugation.

12
3. Flagellates (Zooflagellates)

• Have a Flagellum a long whip-like structure used
  for movement.
• Many live in animals
• Symbiosis a close relationship, at least one
  benefits.
• Mutualism when both partners benefit.

13
4. Sporozoans

• All Sporozans are parasites.
• They feed on cells and body fluids.
• Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells).
• Pass from one host to another.
• Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to
  humans.

14
II. Plant-like Protists(Algae)

• Unicellular and Multicellular
• Colonies (groups of unicellular protists)
• Can move on their own
• Autotrophs make their own food from simple
  materials using light energy (photosynthesis).
• 70 of the Earths oxygen is produced by
  Plant-like Protists!
• Pigments chemicals that produce color

15
6 Groups of Plant like Protists

• Euglenoids (yoo-GLEE-noydz)
• Diatoms (DIGH-ah-tahmz)
• Dinoflagellates (digh-noh-FLAJ-eh-layts)
• Red Algae
• Green Algae
• Brown Algae

16
1. Euglenoids

• Green
• Unicellular
• Live in fresh water
• Autotrophs, but can be heterotrophs under certain
  conditions.
• Flagella
• Eyespot sensitive to light.
• Chloroplasts
• Pellicle

17
2. Diatoms

• Unicellular
• 10,000 living species.
• Aquatic
• Glass like cell wall
• Diatomaceous earth course powder that comes from
  dead diatoms (toothpaste, car polish reflective
  paint.

18
3. Dinoflagellates

• Unicellular
• Cell walls are like plates of armor.
• Two flagella
• Spins when it moves.
• Colorful (pigments)
• Can glow in the dark.
• Causes Red Tide

19
Red Algae

• Multicellular seaweeds
• Live in deep ocean waters
• Used for ice cream and hair conditioner
• Used as food in Asia

20
Green Algae

• Most are unicellular
• Some form colonies
• Few are multicellular
• Can live in fresh and salt water and on land in
  damp places.
• Very closely related to green plants.

21
Brown Algae

• Commonly called seaweed
• Can contain brown, green, yellow, orange and
  black pigments.
• Attach to rocks
• Have air bladders
• Giant Kelp can be 100 meters long!
• Used as food thickeners

22
III. Fungus-like Protists

• Heterotrophs
• Have cell walls.
• Many have flagella and are able to move at some
  point in their lives.
• Three types Slime Molds, Water Downy Molds
• Reproduce with Spores (tiny cell that is able to
  grow into a new organism)

23
Water Downy Molds

• Live in water or moist places.
• Tiny threads that look like fuzz.
• Attack food crops
• Caused the Irish Potato Famine.

24
Type
Slime Molds

• Reproduce by Fruiting Bodies
• The Fruiting Bodies contain Spores.
• At first they look like ameba, then later they
  look like mold.
• Live on moist shady places.
• Feed on bacteria and other microorganisms.

25
Created by Mrs. Scibelli

• From Bacteria to Plants Prentice Hall, 2007
• Google Images